Heide Milchling
| Heide Milchling | ||||||||||||
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The heather milkling ( Lactarius musteus ) |
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| Lactarius musteus | ||||||||||||
| Fr. Fr. |
The Heide Milchling or Scheckigblasser Milchling ( Lactarius musteus ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae). It is a medium-sized milkling with a cream-colored to ocher-colored greasy hat. The lamellae of the inedible mushroom turn gray-green after being touched or injured. The Milchling appears from August to the beginning of November in dry, nutrient-poor and acidic pine forests.
features
Macroscopic features
The thick-fleshed hat is 4–9.5 cm wide, initially arched, with a depressed center and a curved edge, then spread out flat and later deeply funnel-shaped. The edge is often bent in a wavy manner. The surface is smooth, sticky when dry and greasy when wet. The hat is creamy-yellow or pale reddish-ocher on a whitish to ivory-colored background. Sometimes it also has a clay-gray to leather-yellow tint and sometimes it is hinted at zoned or spotted rusty brown. The bare, smooth edge remains curved for a long time.
The lamellas are broadly attached to the stem or run down easily. They are rather narrow to medium-wide and are rather crowded. The young whitish, later pale cream to pale meat-ocher-colored lamellae are sometimes forked near the handle. The spore powder is pale creamy white.
The cylindrical and occasionally furrowed stalk below the lamellae is 3–6 (7) cm long and 1–3.5 cm wide. The inside of the handle is full when young and hollow when old. The surface is smooth to weak and finely veined and pale cream-colored to very pale meat-ocher. The stem is initially sticky and later dry, sometimes it has a pale to dark reddish-ocher-colored collar below the lamellas or is scattered cinnamon-brown speckled with age.
The whitish to pale cream-colored flesh, which turns slightly gray after a few hours, is quite firm. In old age it sometimes changes color over the lamellae and in the stem from clay gray to ocher yellow. It tastes mild, but after a while it is slightly hot and scratchy. The smell is slightly fruity or bug-like like that of the oak milkling ( L. quietus ). The white milk is rather sparse and dries pale olive-cream colored after 2-3 hours.
Microscopic features
The rounded to elliptical spores are on average 7.8–8.4 µm long and 6.1–6.6 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.4. The spore ornament is up to 1 µm high and consists of ridges and warts, most of which are connected like a network. The ornament appears partially with zebra stripes. The elongated, isolated warts are scattered or rare. The hilly spot is more or less amyloid on the outside .
The cylindrical to narrow, bottle-shaped or slightly club-shaped, 4-spore basidia are 45–60 µm long and 8–12 µm wide. The pleuromacrocystids are scattered to numerous. They are (35) 55–65 (85) µm long and 8–14 µm wide and more or less lanceolate. The lamellar cutting edge is heterogeneous and covered with scattered to numerous basidia and numerous cheilomacrocystids . These measure 20–60 × 6–10 µm, are spindle-shaped to awl-shaped or lanceolate and often have a tip constricted like a pearl necklace.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a 20–150 µm thick ixotrichoderm , made up of 2–5 µm wide, more or less thick-walled, hyaline, often stunted and irregularly intertwined hyphae . The hyphae ends are more or less cylindrical.
Species delimitation
Due to its pale colors, the heather milkling resembles the fallow milkling ( L. pallidus ), but this grows in deciduous forests with red beeches, and its spores are smaller and not ornamented.
Other whitish to cream-colored milklings, such as the pepper milkling ( L. piperatus and L. glaucescens ), the woolly milkling ( L. vellereus ) and the pink-edged milkling ( L. controversus ) are easy to distinguish by their appearance alone.
ecology
As a mycorrhizal fungus, the Heide Milchling is strictly bound to pine trees. It can be found in subboreal and subcontinental toned, lean Cladonia pine forests , poorly growing pine forests and in dry places on the edges of raised bogs. It is a nitrogen-avoiding species that grows mainly on sandy, dry or alternately dry, acidic soils. They are found on acidic, strictly base and nutrient-poor podsol, more or less podsolized brown earth and drained peat soils. The fruiting bodies appear mostly gregarious between August and early November and predominantly in the mountainous region.
distribution
The purely European species is quite common in Fennoscandinavia and northeastern Europe, but rare in Central and the rest of Europe. The Heide-Milchling is even on the ' Red List ' in several European countries .
In Germany, the Milchling is very rare and threatened with extinction, there are only a few isolated individual occurrences. The fungus is also rare in Switzerland.
Systematics
The rare Heide Milchling was first described by E. Fries in 1838. In 1891 Kuntze put the species as Lactifluus musteus in his newly created genus. The taxon Lactarius russuloides , described by Z.Schaefer in 1958 , is now regarded as a taxonomic synonym . The species attribute ( epithet ) "musteus" means similar to must and probably refers to the fruity, but also a little unpleasant smell.
Inquiry systematics
The Heide Milchling is placed in the Pallidini subsection by Basso and Heilmann-Clausen , which in turn is part of the Glutinosi section. At Bon, the Milchling is in the Pyrogali section . The representatives of the Pallidini subsection have unzoned, pale, whitish or pink-cream-colored to ocher-hazel-brown hats that are flatly arched to flatly depressed. The milk is more or less unchangeable or dries up gray-cream, green-cream or creamy-yellow. The spores are ornamented like zebra stripes or reticulated, while the hat skin is an ixotrichoderm.
meaning
The Heide Milchling is not an edible mushroom.
literature
- Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 84 .
- Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society, (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Volume 2 ). 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 (English).
Web links
- Synonyms of Lactarius musteus. In: speciesfungorum.org. Index Fungorum, accessed June 20, 2011 .
- Rudolf Markones: Lactarius musteus / Heide-Milchling. In: pilzseite.de. Retrieved October 28, 2012 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Volume 2 ). 1998, p. 76-77 .
- ↑ a b c d Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 80.
- ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 396.
- ↑ Lactarius musteus in the PILZOEK database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved September 15, 2011 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Lactarius musteus . In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org . Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
- ^ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen et al.: The genus Lactarius (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Volume 2 ). 1998, p. 271-73 .
- ↑ Denchev, Cvetomir M. & Boris Assyov: CHECKLIST OF THE MACROMYCETES OF CENTRAL BALKAN MOUNTAIN (BULGARIA) . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, p. 279–282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF; 578 kB ]).
- ^ Petkovski S .: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . Skopje 2009 (English, protectedareas.mk ( memento from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 1.6 MB ; accessed on July 9, 2013]). National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Interactive map of Lactarius musteus. (No longer available online.) In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Formerly in the original ; accessed on March 4, 2012 (English). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Elias Magnus Fries: Epicrisis systematis mycologici . seu synopsis hymenomycetum. Typographia Academica, Upsala 1838, p. 337 (Latin, books.google.de ).
- ↑ Otto Kuntze: Revisio generum plantarum . secundum leges nomenclaturae internationales cum enumeratione plantarum exoticarum. Part 2. Leipzig / London / Paris 1891, p. 857 ( gallica.bnf.fr ).
- ^ Karl Ernst Georges: musteus . Detailed concise Latin-German dictionary. tape 1 . Hanover 1913, Sp. 1070 ( zeno.org ).
- ^ Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon (= Fungi Europaei . Volume 7 ). 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 171 (Italian).
- ^ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen et al.: The genus Lactarius (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Volume 2 ). 1998, p. 23-28 .
