Gray hardwood bulge tensioner

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Gray hardwood bulge tensioner
Gray hardwood spider (Lycia pomonaria), male

Gray hardwood spider ( Lycia pomonaria ), male

Systematics
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Spanner (Geometridae)
Subfamily : Ennominae
Tribe : Bistonini
Genre : Lycia
Type : Gray hardwood bulge tensioner
Scientific name
Lycia pomonaria
( Huebner , 1790)
female
Caterpillar

The Gray Hardwood thick body clamp ( Lycia pomonaria ) is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the tensioner (Geometridae). The species name is derived from the Latin word poma with the meaning "fruit" and refers to the occasional occurrence of the caterpillars on fruit trees.

features

The moths reach a wingspan of 27 to 33 millimeters. There is significant sexual dimorphism between the sexes . The wings of the males are colored white-gray, thinly scaled and parchment-like. The veins are dusted black, the fringes black and white-gray piebald. On the upper side of the forewing, two blackish transverse lines and a dark central shadow stand out mostly indistinctly. The flightless females only have very short black wing stubs that are lanceolate in shape. The body is long whitish and hairy short orange-red. The antennae of the males are combed and thread-shaped in the females.

Caterpillar

Adult caterpillars have a yellowish-gray to purple-brown color, from which the whitish to yellowish collar and the segment incisions of the same color stand out. The entire surface of the body is covered with very small black dots. The back lines are mostly dissolved in dark brown spots. The yellow shoulder is interrupted several times. The yellow-brown head capsule is dotted with black.

Similar species

The male moths of Lycia isabellae and Lycia lapponaria differ in their single-colored dark brown fringes. The females differ in their longer wing stubs.

distribution and habitat

The distribution area of ​​the gray hardwood spider stretches from Central Europe through the temperate zone to the coast of the Sea of Japan . In eastern Russia and on Kamchatka it is represented by the subspecies Lycia pomonaria nigricans . The species still occurs north of the Arctic Circle , but is absent in the entire Mediterranean region . It is also absent in the mountains. The main habitat are light deciduous forests and fruit-growing areas as well as gardens and parks.

Way of life

The moths are nocturnal and fly in one generation between March and May. At night they appear on artificial light sources . The caterpillars feed on the leaves of various deciduous tree species, including oak ( Quercus ), alder ( Alnus ), linden ( Tilia ), birch ( Betula ), blackthorn ( Prunus spinosa ) and fruit trees . At the beginning of the 20th century the species appeared harmful on linden trees in Brandenburg . The pupa hibernates and sometimes lingers for several years.

Occasionally, hybrids with other representatives of the genus Lycia appear. Those with the black feeler bulge spanner ( Lycia hirtaria ) were described as Biston pilzii Standfuß , 1904.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Arnold Spuler : The Butterflies of Europe , Volume 2, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 1910, p. 100
  2. ↑ a b Bernd Müller, Sven Erlacher, Axel Hausmann, Hossein Rajaei, Pasi Sihvonen & Peder Skou: The Geometrid Moth of Europe, Volume 6 Part 1, Subfamily Ennominae II (Boarmiini, Gnophini, additions to previous volumes) , Brill, Leiden / Boston, 2019, ISBN 978-90-04-25222-6 , pp. 285-287
  3. ↑ a b c Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. 1st edition. Volume 9. Moths VII. Geometridae 2 , Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim), 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3279-6 , pp. 452-454
  4. ^ A b Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 , p. 235
  5. ↑ a b Ulrich von Chappuis: Changes in the large butterfly world in the province of Brandenburg up to 1938 , German Entomological Journal, year 1942, p. 206

literature

  • Bernd Müller, Sven Erlacher, Axel Hausmann, Hossein Rajaei, Pasi Sihvonen & Peder Skou: The Geometrid Moth of Europe, Volume 6 Part 1, Subfamily Ennominae II (Boarmiini, Gnophini, additions to previous volumes) , Brill, Leiden / Boston, 2019 , ISBN 978-90-04-25222-6
  • Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. 1st edition. Volume 9. Moths VII. Geometridae 2 , Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim), 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3279-6
  • Arno Bergmann : The large butterflies of Central Germany. Volume 5/2: Spanner. Distribution, forms and communities. Urania-Verlag, Jena 1955, DNB 450378411 .
  • Manfred Koch , Wolfgang Heinicke, Bernd Müller: We determine butterflies. Volume 4: Spanner. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Neumann, Leipzig / Radebeul 1976, DNB 780451570

Web links

Commons : Grauer Hardwood Dickleibspanner  - Collection of images, videos and audio files