Gregor Lamparter

Gregor Lamparter (* around 1458 in Biberach an der Riss ; † March 25, 1523 in Nuremberg ) was a German university professor. Lamparter was Doctor iuris utriusque , professor at the Artisten- und Juristenfakultät of the University of Tübingen , twice rector of this university and for 20 years an influential Württemberg chancellor, as well as lifelong advice in Württemberg and imperial services.

Life

Gregor Lamparter was the son of a councilor of the same name in Biberach; his mother's name is not known. His epitaph shows that he died in 1523 at the age of 65. His year of birth is thus around 1458. He began his university studies in the winter semester of 1475/1476 in Basel , continued it in 1477 at the newly founded University of Tübingen and graduated from here initially at the artist faculty after completing his bachelor's degree shortly after October 26, 1477 as well as a master's degree on January 26, 1479 and then at the law faculty, probably around 1487 with a doctorate in ecclesiastical and secular law ( Doctor iuris utriusque ). While maintaining his teaching activity, which he began in 1479, he began teaching the artists and later the lawyers at the University of Tübingen, and he first appeared in 1488 as a councilor at the court of Count Eberhard V. (Regent 1459-1496), named in the beard . In 1491 he received this post for life and at the same time probably a temporary salary as a law professor in Tübingen. In 1487 and 1493 Lamparter was elected rector of the University of Tübingen. He rose to become one of the Count's most important advisers and diplomats, had been an assessor at the Württemberg court since 1488 and accompanied his sovereign to the Reichstag in Worms in 1495 , at which Eberhard was made Duke of Württemberg. His reputation was so high that it can be proven that he had also been in the service of the city of Augsburg as a consultant since 1491 and appeared in September 1492 at a legal day in Ulm as the legal representative of the Bavarian Knight League of the Löwler .

After the death of Eberhard im Bart in February 1496, Lamparter received the office of Chancellor of Württemberg under the successor Duke Eberhard II (regent 1480–1482, 1496–1498) as the first non-clerical lawyer. His origins from the Biberach patriciate favored this appointment, as Duke Eberhard II was supported by the cities in the conflict with the old elites of the countryside. Because of his appointment as chancellor, Lamparter did not take up the post of assessor at the newly established Reich Chamber of Commerce , into which he was elected in 1495. Although he, like his predecessor Ludwig Vergenhans, now belonged to the sphere of government, he retained his position as a councilor with only a loose connection to the Stuttgart chancellery. In 1491 he married Genoveva, the daughter of the Tübingen medical professor Johannes Widmann; she died before July 1516.

After the lavishly reigning Duke Eberhard II was ousted in 1498 by the old elites in Württemberg in cooperation with King Maximilian I , the later emperor, Lamparter was able to secure his position as Chancellor, both during the reign until 1503 for Duke Ulrich (Regent 1503–1519, 1534–1550), the son of Count Heinrich, the brother of the deposed Duke, as well as in the subsequent first reign of Ulrich after his coming of age.

In 1498, King Maximilian rewarded Lamparter for his help in the fall of Eberhard II by appointing him from the house , so there was no residence obligation at the royal court. His 20 years of office as Chancellor, which is the subject of numerous regional historical accounts, ended after the dynastic conflicts over Duke Ulrich's hand-held murder of his stable master Hans von Hutten in 1515 out of jealousy and the flight of his wife Sabine to her Bavarian relatives. When, in September 1516, he recommended the Duke to accept the imperial demand for a six-year resignation from the government, Ulrich assessed this as treason in favor of Maximilian. Lamparter fled to the Habsburgs in good time before being arrested and on August 10, 1518, became imperial councilor for life.

Since 1520, Lamparter supported Emperor Charles V , who was elected in 1519, in consolidating Austrian rule in Württemberg after Duke Ulrich was expelled by the Swabian Federation in 1519 because of Ulrich's attack on the imperial city of Reutlingen . Lamparter took part in the Emperor's entourage in the Worms Reichstag of 1521, where he presented the Emperor's demands for assistance to the Romans in the presence of the Emperor and expressed his thanks to the Emperor when the estates were passed. After the transfer of the reign in Württemberg to the imperial brother Archduke Ferdinand I in March 1522, he entered his service. Between the second and third Nuremberg Reichstag, he died on March 25, 1523 in Nuremberg and was buried there, as can be seen from the Nuremberg Bells for the Dead of St. Sebald. The tomb made in 1524 on behalf of his son Hans in Augsburg for the burial site in Nuremberg (with the text note “buried here”) could not be erected there because it did not meet the norms of the cemetery regulations of 1520 and therefore had to be moved to the one near Urach The Güterstein Charterhouse , which Gregor provided with large donations , was to be relocated. When the church buildings of the Charterhouse were demolished by Duke Ulrich von Württemberg around 1550 in the course of the Reformation introduced in Württemberg in 1534/35, the tomb of Gregor Lamparter was also destroyed because of the duke's tensions with the Lamparter family. A figure of the tomb - a representation of John with the Lamparter coat of arms on the base - is now part of the inventory of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, but the text panel of the epitaph came to Krumbach / Swabia, which was handed over to the Habsburgs in 1529–1572 Son Hans and his wife Regina was pawned. A year earlier, i.e. only four years after the tomb was completed, Hans had acquired court rights there. Today the epitaph is located under the gallery of the baroque Krumbach parish church of St. Michael, built in 1752 and consecrated in 1753 .

Lamparter's political work is assessed ambiguously by contemporaries as well as by regional historical research. It is undisputed that in his administration he was concerned with maintaining and strengthening the influence of the leadership class in Württemberg from which he came. However, as long as the duke kept law and order, he remained loyal to him. With the acquisition of Schloss Grafeneck and other large donations, however, he paid dearly for his services. Emperor Karl V finally rewarded him with the Golden Fleece and the knighthood with the title Lamparter von Greiffenstein .

literature

• Otto von Alberti:  Lamparter, Gregor . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 17, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1883, p. 579.
• Robert Uhland:  Lamparter, Gregor. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-428-00194-X , p. 457 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Kreuzer, Georg, Alfons Schmid and Wolfgang Wüst (eds.): Krumbach. Front Austrian market, Bavarian-Swabian city . Volume 1: From the beginnings to 1918. City of Krumbach 1993, ISBN 3-929876-00-0 , p. 51 (with evidence of the Lamparter rule in Krumbach 1529–1572).
• Deigendesch, Roland: Dr. Gregor Lamparter . In: The same: The Güterstein Charterhouse. History, intellectual life and personal environment , DRW-Verlag, Leinfelden-Echterdingen 2001, ISBN 3-87181-439-3 , pp. 355–356.
• Horst Gaiser: Jakob Fugger and Lamparter. Wall paintings, illegitimate children, interest rate disputes. In: Peter Fassl, Wilhelm Liebhart, Doris Pfister and Wolfgang Wüst (eds.): Bavaria, Swabia and the Reich. Festschrift for Pankraz Fried on the occasion of his 75th birthday (= Augsburg contributions to the regional history of Bavarian Swabia, Volume 11). Wissner, Augsburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-89639-589-4 , pp. 169–180 (with evidence of the chancellor's burial place and his tomb).
• Karl Konrad Finke: Gregor Lamparter (around 1463 to 1523) . In: The professors of the Tübingen Faculty of Law (1477–1535) (= Tübingen professor catalog . Volume 1,2). Edited by Karl Konrad Finke. Jan Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2011, ISBN 978-3-7995-5452-7 , pp. 191-207.
• Karl Konrad Finke: From Chancellor to Chancellor - First Württemberg Chancellor until 1520 . In: Swabian homeland. Journal for Regional History, Württemberg State Culture, Nature Conservation and Monument Preservation 63 (2012), pp. 302–308 (with an illustration of an excerpt from Lamparter's handwritten employment lapel of November 30, 1491 with an attached seal).
• Karl Konrad Finke: Epitaph in Krumbach gives news about Lamparter . In: Swabian homeland. Journal for Regional History, Württemberg State Culture, Nature Conservation and Monument Preservation 65 (2014), p. 472 (with photo of the epitaph).
• Karl Konrad Finke: Between high treason and career thinking - the share of legal officials Duke Ulrichs von Württemberg in his fall in 1519. In: Schwäbische Heimat Jg. 70 (2019), pp. 28-35 (with illustration of the epitaph and preserved remains of the tomb of Gregory Lamparter)