Large slit nose

Large slit nose
	Preparation in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Systematics
Subclass :	Higher mammals (Eutheria)
Superordinate :	Laurasiatheria
Order :	Bats (chiroptera)
Family :	Slit noses (Nycteridae)
Genre :	Slit noses ( Nycteris )
Type :	Large slit nose
Scientific name
	Nycteris grandis
	Peters , 1865

The large slit nose ( Nycteris grandis ) also large hollow nose , is a species of bat from the genus of slit noses ( Nycteris ) within the family of slit noses (Nycteridae) that occurs in sub-Saharan Africa .

description

The large slit nose is a large species of bat that weighs around 35 g on average. It reaches a head-trunk length of about 63 to 93 millimeters. The coat color is variable, it ranges from dark, sepia and reddish brown on the back to light brown or grayish on the belly. There is no sexual dimorphism . As with other slit noses, the face above the muzzle appears to be divided into two by a longitudinal furrow. It can be distinguished from all other African slit noses by the three-part incisors and the large ears (about 29.5 mm) and the large forearm length (forearm length about 62 mm).

distribution

The African distribution area of the great slit nose extends from Senegal , Guinea , Liberia and Cameroon in the west to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in central Africa, Uganda , Kenya and Tanzania in the east and Zimbabwe , Malawi and Mozambique in the south. They can also be found on the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba .

Way of life

The large slit nose colonizes various habitats such as lowland rainforests , gallery forests , forest edges and various types of savanna such as the miombo . Tree hollows in trees such as the ana tree or the African baobab tree serve as quarters . Caves or anthropogenic structures such as houses or water towers are also used. The number of animals in a roost varies from individual animals, pairs to small groups.

The prey is localized either hanging upside down from a hide or in flight by means of echolocation . The great rascal is an opportunistic hunter, the food spectrum is subject to seasonal fluctuations, but mainly includes frogs, bats, fish, birds as well as insects and other arthropods . The great slash nose is the only carnivorous bat species in Africa. It can hunt prey that weighs over 20% of its own body weight. These include, for example, bats such as the Egyptian slit-nose , frogs such as Ptychadena anchietae , Ptychadena mossambica or the clawed frog , birds such as the brown-headed warbler ( Cisticola fulvicapilla ) or the yellow-bellied warbler ( Apalis flavida ) and fish such as Coptodon rendall . Large prey are paralyzed or killed by a bite in the head. The prey is eaten hanging upside down and held with the wings.

Systematics

The exact system is controversial. Two subspecies are sometimes distinguished:

Nycteris grandis grandis Peters, WCH , 1865 is the type species , found in West and Central Africa
Nycteris grandis marica Kershaw, PS , 1923, occurrence in southern Africa,

where N. g. marica is more likely to be found in dry savannahs than in tropical rainforests. Other authors see the morphological differences as too small for a separation into two subspecies.

Danger

The Great slit nose is in the red list of the IUCN out "not at risk" due to the large geographic range and frequency of the species as.

literature

Ara Monadjem , Peter John Taylor , FPD (Woody) Cotterill , M. Corrie Schoeman: Bats of Southern and Central Africa: A Biogeographic and Taxonomic Synthesis . 1st edition. Wits University Press, Pretoria 2010, ISBN 978-1-86814-508-9 .

Web links

Commons : Large razor - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Nycteris grandis in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved September 15, 2017.

Nycteris grandis inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017.2. Posted by: A. Monadjem et al., 2016. Retrieved September 15, 2017.

Individual evidence

^ Theodor CH Cole: Dictionary of Mammal Names - Dictionary of Mammal Names . 1st edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-662-46269-0 .

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e A. Monadjem et al: Bats of Southern and Central Africa: A Biogeographic and Taxonomic Synthesis. 2010, pp. 264-267.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f M. B C. Hickey, JM Dunlop: Nycteris grandis . In: Mammalian Species 2000, No. 632, pp. 1-4.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Victor Van Cakenberghe, Ernest CJ Seamark (ed.): ACR. 2016. African Chiroptera Report 2016. African Bats . 2016, ISSN 1990-6471 , p. 332-335 .

↑ Nycteris grandis in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017.2. Posted by: A. Monadjem et al., 2016. Retrieved September 15, 2017.

[1] Theodor CH Cole: Dictionary of Mammal Names - Dictionary of Mammal Names . 1st edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-662-46269-0 .

[bats-2] A. Monadjem et al: Bats of Southern and Central Africa: A Biogeographic and Taxonomic Synthesis. 2010, pp. 264-267.

[mammalian_species-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f M. B C. Hickey, JM Dunlop: Nycteris grandis . In: Mammalian Species 2000, No. 632, pp. 1-4.

[acr-4] Victor Van Cakenberghe, Ernest CJ Seamark (ed.): ACR. 2016. African Chiroptera Report 2016. African Bats . 2016, ISSN 1990-6471 , p. 332-335 .