Great stone graves near Bornsen (Jübar)

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Great stone graves near Bornsen (Jübar)
Aerial photo of the large stone grave Bornsen 1

Aerial photo of the large stone grave Bornsen 1
Great stone graves near Bornsen (Jübar) (Saxony-Anhalt)
Bornsen 1st
Bornsen 2nd
Great stone graves near Bornsen (Jübar)
Coordinates Bornsen 1 , Bornsen 2
place Jübar , Saxony-Anhalt , Germany
Emergence 3700 to 3350 BC Chr.

The megalithic graves near Bornsen are a group of originally five megalithic tombs from the Neolithic deep-engraving ceramic culture near Bornsen , a district of Jübar in the Altmark district of Salzwedel , Saxony-Anhalt . Only two of these still exist today. The remaining graves were destroyed in the 19th century.

location

Grave 1 is located 900 m south of the center of Bornsen a good 200 m east of the road to Jübar in a field. Grave 2 is located 550 m northeast of the center of Bornsen and 1.2 km northeast of grave 1.

The destroyed grave KS 92 was located 2 km southeast of Bornsen. Grave KS 93 was in a wooded area on the border with Wüllmersen , southeast of Bornsen and south of Wüllmersen. Grave KS 95 was 300 paces (approx. 225 m) east-northeast of the preserved grave 1.

There are several other large stone graves in the vicinity. 1.8 km northwest of grave 1 is the Drebenstedt large stone grave , 3.2 km south-east are the large stone graves near Lüdelsen .

Research history

The graves were first described in 1843 by Johann Friedrich Danneil . Four graves are also recorded on a measuring table drawn up in 1859 . Only grave KS 93 in the forest is missing here. At the beginning of the 1890s, Eduard Krause and Otto Schoetensack discovered that only two graves were left when the Altmark was taken again. The remaining facilities had been destroyed in the meantime. Since 1972 the graves that have been preserved have been regularly cleaned and freed from vegetation by the association “Young Archaeologists of the Altmark”. In 2003-04, all remaining large stone graves in the Altmark were recorded and measured as a joint project of the State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology of Saxony-Anhalt , the Johann Friedrich Danneil Museum in Salzwedel and the association “Young Archaeologists of the Altmark”.

There are different numbers for the graves. For the graves that have been preserved, the site numbers are used in the following, for those that have been destroyed the number with which Krause and Schoetensack provided them.

official no. Danneil (1843) Krause /
Schoetensack (1893) 		Beier (1991) Remarks
Fpl. 1 D 59 KS 94 4th receive
Fpl. 2 D 56 KS 91 1 receive
- D 57 KS 92 2 destroyed
- D 58 KS 93 3 destroyed
- D 60 KS 95 5 destroyed

description

The preserved graves

Grave 1

Great stone graves near Bornsen, grave 1
Ground plan of the Bornsen 1 grave according to Krause / Schoetensack

According to Hartmut Bock , Barbara Fritsch and Lothar Mittag, grave 1 belongs to the large dolmen type , while Hans-Jürgen Beier classifies it as a passage grave . The burial mound is elongated and reaches a height between 0.6 m and 1.5 m. There is no longer a grave border, a single stone may represent its last remnant. However, geophysical investigations in 2004 revealed traces of the former surrounding stones. The burial chamber is oriented west-southwest-east-northeast. It consists of 17 wall stones and seven cap stones and is therefore still completely intact. The three western capstones are larger than the four eastern ones. The largest capstone measures 3.0 m × 1.8 m × 1.2 m, the smallest is 1.6 m long. The westernmost capstone has numerous bowls , the third capstone from the west has at least one bowl and a 10 cm long, artificial scraping. The chamber is trapezoidal, it has a length of 10.4 m and a width of 1.5–1.8 m.

Grave 2

Great stone graves near Bornsen, grave 2
Ground plan of the Bornsen 2 grave according to Krause / Schoetensack

According to Hartmut Bock, Barbara Fritsch and Lothar Mittag, grave 2 also belongs to the large dolmen type, while Hans-Jürgen Beier classifies it as large dolmen or extended dolmen . The burial mound is oval. The grave border has not been preserved, but its former existence has been proven by geophysical studies. The burial chamber is oriented east-west. It still consists of ten upright wall stones and three cap stones. Another capstone is missing today, two of the remaining ones have sunk into the burial chamber. The largest capstone measures 2.1 m × 1.6 m × 0.4 m. The western capstone has over 30 bowls. The chamber is rectangular, it has a length of 4.4 m and a width of 1.1–1.2 m.

The destroyed graves

Grave KS 92

Grave KS 92 had a burial chamber with a length of 11.3 m and a width of 3.1 m. When Danneil examined it, seven cap stones were still preserved. No information is available on the alignment. According to Beier, it was probably a passage grave.

Grave KS 93

According to Danneil, grave KS 93 had a length of 17.6 m and a width of 5 m. This information probably relates to the mound fill. The burial chamber had five cap stones. Information on the dimensions of the chamber and the alignment of the system are not available. According to Beier, it was probably a passage grave.

Grave KS 95

Grave KS 93 had a burial chamber with a length of 10.7 m and a width of 2.5 m. During Danneil's investigation, seven capstones were still preserved, one of which was 3.3 m × 2 m × 1.2 m and a second 2.8 m × 1.8 m × 0.95 m. According to Beier, it was probably a passage grave.

See also

literature

  • Hans-Jürgen Beier : The megalithic, submegalithic and pseudomegalithic buildings and the menhirs between the Baltic Sea and the Thuringian Forest (= contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe. Volume 1). Wilkau-Haßlau 1991, p. 56.
  • Wilhelm Blasius : Guide to the megalithic grave monuments in the western part of the Salzwedel district. In: Thirty-first annual report of the Altmark Association for Patriotic History and Industry. Issue 2, 1904, pp. 102-103 ( PDF; 8.1 MB ).
  • Hartmut Bock , Barbara Fritsch, Lothar Mittag: Great stone graves of the Altmark . State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum for Prehistory, Halle (Saale) 2006, ISBN 3-939414-03-4 , pp. 48–53.
  • Johann Friedrich Danneil : Special evidence of the barrows in the Altmark . In: Sixth annual report of the Altmark Association for Patriotic History and Industry . 1843, p. 105 ( PDF; 5.5 MB ).
  • Hermann Dietrichs , Ludolf Parisius : Pictures from the Altmark. First and second volume. Hamburg 1883, pp. 276-277 ( online ).
  • Hans-Ulrich Kelch: Mysterious pans. In: Hartmut Bock (Ed.): Cities - Villages - Friedhöfe. Archeology in the Altmark 2: From the High Middle Ages to the modern age (= contributions to the cultural history of the Altmark and its peripheral areas, Volume 8). Oschersleben 2002, ISBN 3-935358-36-9 , pp. 458-469.
  • Eduard Krause , Otto Schoetensack : The megalithic graves (stone chamber graves) of Germany . I .: Altmark . In: Journal of Ethnology . Vol. 25, 1893, p. 148 / no. 91 u. 94, plate VI / 91 a. 94, VII / 91 and 94, IX / 94 ( PDF; 39.0 MB ).
  • Britta Schulze-Thulin : Large stone graves and menhirs. Saxony-Anhalt • Thuringia • Saxony . Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle (Saale) 2007, ISBN 978-3-89812-428-7 , pp. 43-44.

Web links

Commons : Great stone graves near Bornsen  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Mes table sheet 67: Abbendorf, 1873. Reichsamt für Landesaufnahme, Berlin 1873 ( online ).
  2. ↑ Hartmut Bock: Student working groups and ground monument preservation in the north-western Altmark. In: Annual publication for Central German prehistory. Volume 69, 1986, p. 285 ( online ).
  3. ^ Young archaeologists of the Altmark eV - On the history of the association .
  4. ↑ Hartmut Bock, Barbara Fritsch, Lothar Mittag: Großsteingraves der Altmark. 2006, p. 11.
  5. ↑ Hartmut Bock, Barbara Fritsch, Lothar Mittag: Großsteingraves der Altmark. 2006, pp. 11, 48-49
  6. ↑ Hartmut Bock, Barbara Fritsch, Lothar Mittag: Großsteingraves der Altmark. 2006, p. 52