Grottenberg (Marsberg)

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Mining plan of the "Grottenberger Steins mine in the Bergrefier brilon ohnweit Berringhausen ..." from 1810

The Grottenberg is a mountain between Rösenbeck and Beringhausen . Parts of the mountain were designated as a nature reserve (NSG) in 2001 with the Hoppecketal landscape plan . The NSG has a size of 16.1 ha. In 2004, the NSG became part of the FFH area " Diemel and Hoppecke water system ." The mountain has been important for mining since the Middle Ages. In the pit Grottenbergzug was Roteisenerz won. Gold mining in the 17th / 18th centuries The century remained an episode.

Geology and nature

On the south and east flanks, Upper Devonian and Carboniferous sedimentary rocks overlay the much older main greenstone cover. Red iron deposits were formed in the contact zone. The mining use was in the foreground in the past. In contrast, forestry only played a subordinate role. Beech stands dominate the mountain today , which probably originate from a coppice-like use for the extraction of firewood or cabbage wood .

Grottenberg nature reserve

The Grottenberg nature reserve consists of two parts. The Lower Hoppecketal nature reserve borders directly to the east of the eastern sub-area . In addition to forest areas, there are also grassland areas in the NSG. There are also rocks, old mine tunnels and former quarries in the area. There are large stands of beech and red spruce in the forest. The beech stocks are mostly grove beech forest. Sometimes there are also areas with oak and hornbeam. Some of the tree species are found in mixed stands. In addition to ecological aspects, the protection goal for the NSG stipulated that traces of ore mining should also be protected.

Mining

The iron ore deposits at Beringhausen, Bredelar and Padberg can be seen as an extension of the red iron train that begins west of the Briloner Eisenberg and extends over the Diemel to the Giershagen area. The Grottenberg, the Enkenberg and the pits at the Beringhof formed a separate area between Brilon and Marsberg.

Early time

Mining on the Grottenberg probably began in the Middle Ages. Two large mining areas ( pingen ) were found on the western and eastern slopes. The mining industry was not reflected in the written sources until 1531. It was about a compromise in a lengthy dispute between the Bredelar monastery and the Padberg family . After that, the monastery could not prevent the Padbergers from mining and smelting ore on the Enkenberg and the Grottenberg according to mining law. However, the Padbergers had to ask the monastery for permission to extract cabbage wood and pay the rent for the hut. They were also no longer allowed to recruit foreign miners. Shortly afterwards, the boundaries between the Padbergers and the monastery were set in a Schnadegang . As on the Enkenberg, there is no evidence of mining activities for more than a hundred years. However, this does not necessarily mean giving up the job. In 1668 it was reported that not all mines were operating.

Gold mining

Gold finds in 1696 were particularly spectacular. The miner Heinrich Hutschen discovered some gold mirrors in the Grottenberg colliery. Further investigation confirmed the presence of gold-bearing rocks. The mountain captain von Weichs reported to the elector Joseph Clemens of Bavaria . He immediately made funds available for the construction of a gold house with an appropriate laboratory and for work in the pit. The gold coins minted in his name read: “ Aurum Westphalicum 1696 inventum .” The finds attracted great attention among contemporaries. However, Caspar Christian Vogt von Elspe reported skepticism in a pamphlet: "Since this process yields little income, but high costs are to be charged, there is a lack of benefits, even if the power and fame of the archbishop were increased." Indeed the cost was enormous. The tunnel maintenance alone devoured several thousand Reichstaler. In addition, they maintained a specialist for twenty years who received an annual salary of 150 Reichstaler. In 1716 the new miner Herold was instructed to intensify gold mining. For this purpose, foreign miners were recruited. Because the Mining Authority owed them their wages, they stopped working in 1717. Recent studies have shown that the expected yield is by no means as high as previously expected. The large capital requirement with insufficient income meant that the sovereigns held back with mining activities for their own account.

Further development

In contrast to gold, Bergmeister Herold identified significant iron ore deposits in 1718. He called for tunnels to be built for better yield. This did not happen until 1817. In the course of time, shares in the pits fell to the important Brilon trade families, especially the Ulrichs.

Bergmeister Buff described the situation in 1816 as follows: This mine is located an hour east of Messinghausen , are built on a Roth Eisenstein camp, which usually 3, but also 6-7 Lachter is powerful, has to footwall Mandelstein and hanging wall limestone. On this camp, which has been excavated for a quarter of an hour, many pits have been built through shafts, but none of them has a depth of 15 puddles.

A deep tunnel can be placed on these camps, which comes with the 50 laughs from Oral to the camp and can be driven into the field on this 150 laughs. (...)

The stone found here is not quite as good as that of the other camps, but due to the thickness of the camp and the ductility and cheapness with which a tunnel can be driven, this work deserves all attention for the future.

Peter Ulrich left his shares fallow in 1817. Only the Konrad Reuter trade from Padberg was still active on the Grottenberg at that time.

In the 19th century, companies from the Ruhr area took over the pits on the Hoppecke and those on the Grottenberg. They were converted into large pits with 170 to 240 miners. The mining boom reached its peak with the construction of the railway in 1873. After 1881 the decline began.

The Bonn Mining Authority described the situation in 1890 as follows: “The same is opened up by two tunnels, the Carl and Mathildenstollen, the latter of which submerges the Carlstollen by 48 m. Above the Carlstollen sole, where the iron stone was very calcareous, the iron ore deposit is almost completely dismantled. In the Mathildenstollen sole the same has been crossed over a length of 86 m to the west and shows a thickness of up to 20 m there. Towards the east the thickness decreases and is only 6 to 8 m. The iron ore deposit contains a lot of iron pebbles above the Mathildenstollen base. The research work carried out recently showed that the camp has a quite usable iron stone in a sea depth of 10 m below the Mathildenstollen sole with a thickness of 8 to 9 m. As a result, one is currently busy with the construction of a civil engineering; the shaft has already reached a depth of 14 m. In order to save the significant costs for land transport up to 4 km away at the brasshausen railway station, a connection to the upper Ruhr Valley Railway was established in the immediate vicinity of the tunnel mouth hole. "

Together with the Antonie mine, the Grottenberg mine was used again from 1941 to 1951 by a follow- up mine above the bottom of the tunnel . The total production during this time was 59628 t ore stone.

Web links

literature

  • Wilfried Reininghaus / Reinhard Köhne: Mining, smelting and hammer works in the Duchy of Westphalia in the Middle Ages and early modern times. Münster, 2008
  • Hans-Hubert Walter: Iron ore mining and metalworking in the north-eastern Sauerland in the 19th century. In: Westphalia Regional. Geographical Commission for Westphalia, 2007, accessed on May 6, 2014 .
  • Heinz Wilhelm Hänisch: The metal, slate, barite and marble mining from 1200 to 1951 on the Brilon plateau. MsKr, 2003 (order address: Heinz Wilhelm Hänisch, Steinstraße 20 b, D-45768 Marl)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hochsauerlandkreis landscape plan "Hoppecketal" p. 101 PDF file
  2. ↑ "Grottenberg (HSK-240)" nature reserve in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia , accessed on January 27, 2020.
  3. ^ Winfried Reininghaus / Reinhard Köhne: Mining, smelting and hammer works in the Duchy of Westphalia in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Münster, 2008 p. 281f.
  4. ^ Winfried Reininghaus / Reinhard Köhne: Mining, smelting and hammer works in the Duchy of Westphalia in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Münster, 2008 p. 297
  5. ^ Winfried Reininghaus / Reinhard Köhne: Mining, smelting and hammer works in the Duchy of Westphalia in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Münster, 2008 p. 298f.
  6. ^ Winfried Reininghaus / Reinhard Köhne: Mining, smelting and hammer works in the Duchy of Westphalia in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Münster, 2008 p. 301
  7. ^ Winfried Reininghaus / Reinhard Köhne: Mining, smelting and hammer works in the Duchy of Westphalia in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Münster, 2008 p. 104
  8. ^ Winfried Reininghaus / Reinhard Köhne: Mining, smelting and hammer works in the Duchy of Westphalia in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Münster, 2008 p. 108f.
  9. ^ Winfried Reininghaus / Reinhard Köhne: Mining, smelting and hammer works in the Duchy of Westphalia in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Münster, 2008 p. 122
  10. ^ Winfried Reininghaus / Reinhard Köhne: Mining, smelting and hammer works in the Duchy of Westphalia in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Münster, 2008 p. 301f.
  11. ^ Winfried Reininghaus / Reinhard Köhne: Mining, smelting and hammer works in the Duchy of Westphalia in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Münster, 2008 p. 500
  12. ^ Winfried Reininghaus / Reinhard Köhne: Mining, smelting and hammer works in the Duchy of Westphalia in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Münster, 2008 p. 301f.
  13. ^ Description of the mountain areas Arnsberg, Brilon and Olpe as well as the principalities of Waldeck and Pyrmont. Bonn, 1890 p. 93
  14. ↑ Antonie Pit

Coordinates: 51 ° 24 ′ 3.7 ″  N , 8 ° 43 ′ 15 ″  E