Oberbergamt Bonn

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Oberbergamt Bonn, Konviktstrasse 11 (1903)

The Oberbergamt Bonn, founded as the Royal Upper Mining Office for the Lower Rhine provinces, was a Prussian and later North Rhine-Westphalian authority for the administration of mines, smelters and salt works. In 1970 it was merged with the Dortmund Oberbergamt to form the Dortmund Regional Bergamt .

history

With the Prussian occupation of the Rhineland after the end of Napoleonic rule , an Oberbergamtskommission was initially founded. The Bonn Mining Authority emerged from it in 1816. Ernst August von Beust became the first miner captain . During this time, the economic development in the district was also promoted by government grants. In addition, the authority dedicated itself to geological exploration and the investigation of the deposits in its area of ​​responsibility. Here was a leader Johann Jacob Noeggerath . This work was also promoted by the second miner Heinrich von Dechen .

Local responsibility and integration into the administrative organization

The office was mainly responsible for the area of ​​the Prussian Rhine province , but also included parts of the province of Westphalia . Conversely, Rhenish areas also belonged to the Dortmund Oberbergamt. The Oberbergamt Bonn was responsible for an area from the southern Lower Rhine to the Saarland and from Aachen in the west to the Siegerland and the Sauerland in the east. The northern Rhine province and the part of Westphalia north of the Lenne were part of the Dortmund Upper Mining District.

The top mining authorities were independent of the regional councils and upper councils . The Oberbergamt was an intermediate authority of the Oberberghauptmannschaft in the Prussian Ministry of Finance. The Bonn authority was initially the supervisory authority for three mining offices . The Mining Authority in Düren was responsible for the southern Lower Rhine on the left bank of the Rhine and extended to the Moselle . This included the mining areas in the Aachen area . The Saarbrücken Mining Authority was responsible for the areas south of the Moselle, including the Saarland mining areas. On the right bank of the Rhine, the Siegen Mining Authority was also responsible for the Siegerland mining industry. In the beginning there were still numerous state ironworks. In addition to the mining offices , there were special authorities for this, the smelter offices in Aremberg , Geislautern , Lohe (Kreuztal) , Sayn and Hamm ad Sieg . Especially after 1827 the state-owned companies were sold. But it was not until 1865 that the last steelworks office was dissolved. The mining offices, for their part, were divided into different mountain areas.

Over time, the authority's responsibility increased. In 1834 the Lichtenberg district became part of Prussia and came under the jurisdiction of the Oberbergamt. Since 1852, the Hohenzollerschen Lande were also looked after from Bonn under mining law. With the German War in 1867, the Duchy of Nassau , parts of Upper Hesse , the Landgraviate of Hessen-Homburg , the Upper Office of Meisenheim and the former imperial city of Frankfurt am Main came under the jurisdiction of the Upper Mining Office of Bonn.

In 1861 the mining offices were dissolved. Apart from a few special authorities, only the mining districts remained under the Oberbergamt. The number of mountain areas was between 14 and 29 areas. In connection with the Franco-German War , the Oberbergamt also administered Alsace-Lorraine for four years under mining law . On the other hand, after the First World War , the Oberbergamt lost responsibility for the Saar area and the parts of the area of ​​the former Mining Authority of Düren that fell to Belgium .

In 1940, the Bergreviere belonged to the Oberbergamt: Aachen-Nord, Aachen-Süd, Diez , Dillenburg , Hellertal, Koblenz, Koblenz-Wiesbaden, Köln-Ost, Köln-West, Neuenahr, Saarbrücken-Mitte, Saarbrücken-Ost, Saarbrücken-West , Arnsberg, Siegen and Weilburg . In 1943, new intermediate authorities such as the re-established Bergamt Siegen or the Bergamt Sauerland were introduced.

After the Second World War, the jurisdiction of the Oberbergamt was limited to the parts of the previous district that were in the British occupation zone . The parts lying in the French occupation zone fell to the later so-called Oberbergamt Rheinland-Pfalz, based in Bad Ems. The parts lying in the American zone came to the Hessian mining authority in Wiesbaden.

In 1965, major mining offices were founded to simplify administration. These were the mining authorities in Aachen, Düren, Cologne, Moers and Siegen.

Material jurisdiction

The Oberbergamt was responsible for monitoring state and private mining and the processing and processing plants in terms of the mining police . It was also the second instance for concessions for steam boilers, mine railways, cable cars and other facilities. It was also responsible for safety in mining, for workers 'and miners ' affairs , for supervision of the mining schools and, in the narrower sense, questions of mining law. Until the introduction of the General Mining Act for the Prussian states in 1865, different legal bases applied. On the right bank of the Rhine, the norms from the territories of the Old Empire still applied, while on the left bank of the Rhine the French mining law of 1810 continued to apply.

The parts of the Bonn and Dortmund mining offices that belonged to North Rhine-Westphalia after the Second World War were merged to form the Dortmund regional mining office in 1970. The Oberbergamt was headed by a mining captain, who was assigned a senior senior mining director as a permanent representative. This included various departments and divisions under the direction of senior miners and senior ministers. From a factual point of view, the Oberbergamt assumed mining sovereignty for North Rhine-Westphalia. Among other things, it was responsible for the granting of mine ownership and concessions, for the protection of the substance of deposits in the economic interest, for the protection of those active in the mining industry and for the protection of the general public from harmful influences from mining.

The Landesoberbergamt was dissolved in 2000. The tasks of the authority were transferred to the Arnsberg district government .

Service building

Former service building of the Oberbergamt, view from Brassertufer (2016)

The former residence of Hofkammerrat Johann Gottfried Mastiaux (1726–1790) on the banks of the Rhine in the so-called Rheinviertel , a baroque building with a hipped roof , previously the residence of the Cologne Elector Maximilian Franz von, served as the service building of the Oberbergamt Austria was. In 1830 a two-axle extension was added. From 1901 to 1903 a new building for the Mining Authority (Konviktstrasse 11) was built at the previous location based on a design by the government architect Ludwig Herscher at the Ministry of Public Works in Berlin; the inauguration took place on November 23, 1903. It was a two- or four-storey complex on a T-shaped floor plan with a mansard hipped roof , which had a richly carved sand and tufa facade in Baroque shapes and thus referred to the neighboring electoral palace . The frames of the windows on the hipped roof and gable had two reliefs relating to the task of the Oberbergamt , which showed a man working with a hammer and chisel and a chopper in the seam with a pickaxe . A small corner pavilion on Vogtsgasse mediated the lower buildings on the banks of the Rhine compared to the new building. There was a villa for the miner in the associated park .

During the Second World War , the service building of the Oberbergamt burned down on October 18, 1944 during the most devastating bombing raid on Bonn in the Allied air war . The miner's house was completely destroyed. In 1950 the building was rebuilt for the Oberbergamt in a largely unchanged form in terms of the room layout, now with a simple hipped roof and on the outside without the balcony, tail gable and most of the decorative shapes. The pavilion at the entrance to Vogtsgasse was retained. After the Upper Mining Office was dissolved, the building was taken over by the History Department of the University of Bonn in April 1970 ; today it is home to the University Institute for History. It is a listed building as a monument . From summer 2013 to the end of 2014, the building's outer skin was renovated by the North Rhine-Westphalia construction and property management company .

Miners

The miners were the heads of the mining authority.

literature

  • Michael Senger: The Bonn Mining Authority. In: Mining in the Sauerland. Schmallenberg, 1996 pp. 15-24.

Web links

Commons : Oberbergamt Bonn  - collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael Senger: The Oberbergamt Bonn. In: Mining in the Sauerland. Schmallenberg, 1996 p. 21
  2. ↑ Michael Senger: The Oberbergamt Bonn. In: Mining in the Sauerland. Schmallenberg, 1996 p. 17
  3. ^ State archive NRW. Introduction Finding aid for mining offices in Siegen and Sauerland
  4. ↑ Michael Senger: The Oberbergamt Bonn. In: Mining in the Sauerland. Schmallenberg, 1996 p. 17
  5. ↑ Michael Senger: The Oberbergamt Bonn. In: Mining in the Sauerland. Schmallenberg, 1996 p. 17
  6. ↑ Michael Senger: The Oberbergamt Bonn. In: Mining in the Sauerland. Schmallenberg, 1996 p. 15
  7. ^ Mastiaux'sches Haus , catalog of the German National Library
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h Heijo Klein: Views from Bonn's banks of the Rhine . In: Bonner Heimat- und Geschichtsverein , Stadtarchiv Bonn (ed.): Bonner Geschichtsblätter. Yearbook of the Bonner Heimat- und Geschichtsverein , Volume 57/58, Bonn 2008, ISSN  0068-0052 , pp. 41–83.
  9. ↑ Ludwig Herscher: The new service building of the Kgl. Higher Mining Office in Bonn. Festschrift for the inauguration on November 23, 1903 , Bonn 1903.
  10. ↑ a b War fates of German architecture. Loss - damage - reconstruction. Documentation for the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. Volume 1: Nord , Karl Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 1988, ISBN 3-529-02685-9 , p. 387.
  11. ^ Karl Gutzmer : Chronicle of the city of Bonn . Chronik-Verlag, Dortmund 1988, ISBN 3-611-00032-9 , p. 244.
  12. ↑ List of monuments of the city of Bonn (as of March 15, 2019), number A 172
  13. ^ State archive NRW

Coordinates: 50 ° 44 ′ 6.9 ″  N , 7 ° 6 ′ 26.6 ″  E