Anna-Elisabeth pit

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Anna-Elisabeth
General information about the mine
Anna-Elisabeth mine 1528 - detail.jpg
Information about the mining company
Start of operation before 1291
End of operation 1817 (1936 final)
Funded raw materials
Degradation of Silver, vitriol
Geographical location
Coordinates 49 ° 28 '40.1 "  N , 8 ° 40' 25.2"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 28 '40.1 "  N , 8 ° 40' 25.2"  E
Anna-Elisabeth (Baden-Württemberg)
Anna-Elisabeth
Location Anna-Elisabeth
Location Schriesheim
local community Schriesheim
District ( NUTS3 ) Rhein-Neckar district
country State of Baden-Württemberg
Country Germany

The Grube Anna-Elisabeth is a 700 year old, disused silver - and vitriol - mine in the area of the city Schriesheim on the mountain road in the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis . It existed from before 1291 to 1817 (final in 1936) and is now used as a show mine .

Mining history

Historical

The Anna-Elisabeth mine was first mentioned in a document in 1291. At this point, at the latest, it was in operation as a silver-producing mine. In August 1291 the brothers Conrad II and Friedrich vonhlenberg from the neighboring Schriesheim subordinated their mine property at the mine to the Count Palatine near Rhine Ludwig II , whereby they received half of the property back as a fief. The mine was mentioned again in a document in 1474. Under Count Palatine Friedrich I , several smelting works were operated and mining regulations issued, so mining was carried out on a larger scale.

As early as 1509, the mine was awarded to Gregor Hirsch from Schneeberg in Saxony, who in 1511 issued a mining regulation with a strong influence through Saxon mining law. Only 3 years later, Hirsch had to go into a dispute and it was awarded to Michael Reyn from Schneeberg.

The mining regulations of Count Palatine Ludwig V from 1528 show the mine on the title page. You can see a shaft with carpentry and reel , as well as a wooden drive . Two tunnels with wooden door frames are shown in the valley area . A roasting furnace with melt is likely to be seen near the lower tunnel mouth hole . The ore was transported with buckets from the shaft and simple wooden wheelbarrows from the tunnel. The ores from the Marie mine in the Kohlbach were also processed in Schriesheim ore processing .

The first mine was closed in 1545. Although new mining regulations were issued in 1551 , the mine remained closed for another 150 years before mining activities were resumed in 1701. This time vitriol ore , namely iron vitriol, was mined.

There are no reports from the 17th century, the mine is only mentioned in 1782, again only the mining of copper vitriol and iron vitriol is described. The heyday of vitriol production lasted until 1810. In 1817 mining operations were temporarily stopped. Then the pit fell into the mountain free .

It was not until 1894 that it was re-loaned - for the first time under the name Anna-Elisabeth - again for the extraction of copper and sulfur ores. Operation was not started, however, and another attempt in 1936 was unsuccessful. The mine was finally shut down. From 1943 to 1945 the mine was used as an air raid shelter, after which it fell into disrepair and the shafts and tunnels were partially filled .

Modern times

Pit entrance 2017

Against the background of the threat from urban development measures and encouraged by a group of committed Schriesheim citizens (including Wilhelm Gassert and Jürgen Sandel †), the mine and the outdoor facilities from the 18th century were placed under monument protection in 1985 . The Bergwerkverein Schriesheim eV later emerged from the initiative .

In the years that followed, the old shafts and tunnels were laboriously opened, and in 1988 the first tunnel, the central tunnel, was made accessible to the public. Since then, the Anna-Elisabeth mine has been open to all interested visitors as a visitor mine.

  • In 1993, very complex and expensive renovation work began on the brewhouse, which was to be opened as a museum.
  • November 21, 1997 the Bergwerkverein Schriesheim was founded.
  • In 2005, on the occasion of the 20th Mining Festival, the Bergwerksverein Schriesheim eV, the city of Schriesheim and the State Association of Mining Associations and Mining Music Associations Baden-Württemberg eV organized the 3rd Baden-Württemberg Miners' Day in Schriesheim. With around 1000 invited guests and 30,000 visitors (press information) a highlight in the club's history. The highlight of the mining evening was the great mining tattoo on the fairground. Hundreds of people wearing traditional costumes made the ceremony a visual experience.
  • In 2010 the 25th mining festival was celebrated; more than 155,000 visitors have toured the mine since it opened.

Contaminated sites through overburden

In soil investigations between 1997 and 2000, significantly increased heavy metal concentrations , in particular arsenic , lead , thallium and cadmium , were measured in areas down the valley . For cadmium and lead, the tolerable daily amount of pollutants can be reached or even exceeded by eating vegetables . The thallium concentrations are questionable when consuming leafy vegetables . The possible health risk cannot be estimated. The district office responsible for Schriesheim has given the owners of the 20 properties concerned specific recommendations regarding the cultivation and consumption of fruit and vegetables. Since the year 2000, any overburden accumulating in the mine has to be analyzed and hazardous waste has to be properly disposed of.

Visitor operation

Public visiting days are Sundays and public holidays (except Good Friday and All Saints' Day) from March to October between 11:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. Group tours can also be arranged on other days.

Events

  • The mining festival traditionally takes place on the first weekend in July.
  • "Halloween in the mine" takes place every year on October 31st.

Affiliation

  • In 1987 the group decided to join the State Association of Mining Associations and Mining Music Associations Baden-Württemberg eV
  • In 2004 an exchange membership was established with the mining association Silberberg Davos and the mining association Käpfnach near Horgen in Switzerland.

See also

literature

  • Mining Association Schriesheim eV (Ed.): Branigsberger silver and vitriol mine "Anna-Elisabeth" Schriesheim . Schriesheim 2002.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich Mössinger: From the history of the Odenwälder Bergbau, in: Special volume 2, 1955, pp. 75-81, Der Aufschluss, journal of the Association of Mineralogy and Geology
  2. ↑ a b c Peter Levin: About a vein-like mineralization near Schriesheim in the southwestern Odenwald, in: Special volume 27, 1975, pp. 255–262, Der Aufschluss, journal of the Association of Mineralogy and Geology
  3. ↑ C. Köbrich: Hessian ore deposits, Part I: Die Nichteisenerze, Handbuch der Hessischen Mineralenschätze, Book 3, Darmstadt, 1936
  4. ↑ Order and freedom our Pfalzgrave Ludwigs Elector Prince over the Bergwergh zu Schrißheim, anno MCCCCCXXVIII, Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg
  5. ↑ G. Klemm: Explanations on sheet Neunkirchen, 2nd edition 1918, p. 42.
  6. ↑ G. Güthe: description of a journey through a part of the mountain road in 1783, S. 609, 1784. stock: Kurpfälzisches Museum
  7. ↑ The fiefdom letter of the miner Eugenius Schulmeyer from June 15, 1782 testifies to the exclusive enfeoffment on vitriol ores.
  8. ↑ A. Andreae, A. Osann: Geological Special Map of the Grand Duchy of Baden, published by the Grand Ducal Baden Geological State Institute. Explanations for Blatt Heidelberg (No. 23), Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg, 1896
  9. ↑ Stephanie Kuntermann: Anniversary for the keepers of "a jewel". In: RNZ. 5th July 2010.
  10. ↑ 9.3.1.3 Historical mining (Anna-Elisabeth mine) (PDF; 199 kB) In: Environmental report of the city of Schriesheim from February 2005, pp. 261–263.
  11. ↑ Status report of contaminated sites - results. (PDF), pp. 248-250. State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg, accessed on December 26, 2015

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