Marie mine in the Kohlbach
| Marie in the Kohlbach | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| Information about the mining company | |||
| Employees | up to 26 | ||
| Start of operation | before 1291 | ||
| End of operation | 1783 (1925 final) | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Lead, silver | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 49 ° 30 '56.3 " N , 8 ° 40' 49.6" E | ||
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| Location | Hohensachsen | ||
| local community | Weinheim | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Rhein-Neckar district | ||
| country | State of Baden-Württemberg | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
The Marie mine in the Kohlbach (also: Marie mine or mine on the rear Kolnberg ) was a medieval lead and silver mine in the Kohlbachtal east of the Hohensachsen district of the city of Weinheim . It existed before 1291 and was temporarily shut down in 1783 and permanently in 1925. Part of the pit is now used as a visitor mine.
history
Already in 1012 ore mining was documented in Kohlbachtal, King Henry II. Gave the Bishopric of Worms the Gaugrafschaft Lobdengau , but kept the Kohlbachtal and neighboring Apfelbachtal because there ore mines in operation were.
In August 1291, the brothers Conrad II and Friedrich vonhlenberg from neighboring Schriesheim subordinated their mine ownership at the Marie mine to the Count Palatine near Rhine Ludwig II , whereby they retained half of the income.
The mine was mentioned again in documents in 1474. Count Palatine Friedrich I lent the Marie mine to a group of 16 nobles and courtiers on November 19, 1474.
A wooden climbing board found in the pit , which is unique in Germany , also dates from this time . In 2004, in the Wassersaige the Tagsohle found an approximately 3 m long riser board that as a medieval forerunner of the head of the drive served. The dendrochronological dating of the climbing board showed that the wood was felled in 1475. The water solution was carried out with pumps .
Just two years later, on April 4, 1476, Frederick I authorized the centgrave, who was subordinate to him, to re- award the Marie mine.
During the Landshut War of Succession from 1504, mining largely came to a standstill, and the mine was not mentioned again until 1551.
In 1741 the mine, together with Anna-Elisabeth mine, was lent to Baron von Hundheim . At the same time, the construction of the 250 m long water solution tunnel will begin, which required almost 30 years of construction.
Only three years after the award to the von Hundheims, there was a change to the von Sickingen family in 1743 . In the following period there were further changes of trades .
In the period from 1771 to 1782 there was a sharp increase in silver and lead ore mining. In November 1779, the long-awaited breakthrough of the old deep tunnel succeeded and cleared the deep mine structures . Only one month later, on December 11th, 1779, Andreas Kreuzberger and 15 fellow tradesmen were awarded the mine. The mine employed 26 people. However, the yield is described as low and the mine was temporarily shut down from 1783. In 1790 it is no longer listed as a mine in the Electoral Palatinate.
In the 1820s the tunnels were cleared, in 1853 there was renewed exploration, also in 1885 and most recently in 1936, but without renewed extraction. It was not until 1925 that the loan was finally lifted.
At the beginning of 1995 the mine was cleared and examined by the AG Altbergbau Odenwald . The Tagstollen can be visited as a visitor gallery since 2008. Today the pit is a geopoint of the Geo-Naturpark Bergstrasse-Odenwald .
Tunnels and shafts
Deep sole
Climbing board
The day tunnel has been driven over a length of 50 m and ends in a shaft chamber with an area of around 5 × 6 m². From this a mining shaft and a main die (inclined shaft) lead to the deep sole, which is 24 m below the level of the Tagstollen.
Several search and mining tunnels and a water-filled die branch off from the deep sole. Larger areas of the deep bottom are flooded and therefore only known to a limited extent.
The water solution tunnel had a length of about 250 m and drained into the Kohlbach.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Ludwig H. Hildebrandt: The medieval silver mine "Marie in der Kohlbach" near Hohensachsen, in: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Wuerttemberg, news sheet of the preservation of monuments, 2/2005, 34th year, publisher: State Office for Preservation of Monuments in the Stuttgart regional council, Pp. 67-72
- ↑ Ludwig H. Hildebrandt A late medieval climbing board from the Kohlbach mine in Hohensachsen, Stadt Weinheim, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis , in: Archäologische Ausgrabungen in Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 978-3-8062-1957-9 , p. 273 -275.
- ↑ Belendorff, K. (1996). Current new finds from the Odenwald. Mineralien-Welt, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 36-40
- ↑ G. Leonhard: Baden's minerals according to their occurrence , Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung und Druckerei, 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1855, p. 11, digitized , accessed on September 27, 2014.
- ↑ Fettel ,. M. (1973). Former mining near Hohensachsen on Bergstrasse. Aufschluss, Vol. 24, No. 7/8, pp. 294-303
- ↑ Further explorations: 1853 by J. Lommel, 1885/87 by W. Schumacher from Frankfurt, around 1917, and 1936/37.
- ^ AG Altbergbau Odenwald: Contact and information , accessed on October 31, 2018.
- ↑ Information about the visitor mine: opening times and contact ( Memento of the original from March 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Geo-Naturpark Bergstrasse-Odenwald, geo-naturpark.net, brochure lead and silver works “Marie in der Kohlbach”, accessed March 10, 2014: Online
