Hohensachsen
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Hohensachsen
City of Weinheim
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| Height : | 94-340 m |
| Residents : | 2627 (Dec. 31, 2016) |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1973 |
| Postal code : | 69469 |
| Area code : | 06201 |
 View over the Hohensachsen
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Hohensachsen is a district of Weinheim , 17 kilometers from Mannheim and 13 kilometers from Heidelberg on the Bergstrasse in Baden-Württemberg . The district has the postcode 69469 and 2627 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2016).
From Weinheim you drive into the old town center of Hohensachsen. To the north and west of the old town center, new development areas have emerged in recent years. Hohensachsen has a primary school, two kindergartens, a sports center and a sports hall with an indoor swimming pool.
geography
location
Hohensachsen is located on the Bergstrasse in the Rhine-Neckar triangle and meets the western edge of the Odenwald . The place stretches from the mountain edge and a height of 97 m asl to the crystalline Odenwald at 340 m asl. The hilly part of the village is crossed by a stream from east to west. The western border of the small district of Hohensachsen forms an old Neckar loop , on which there is arable land and meadows. The town center is located at the exit of the stream from the Odenwald.
Due to the Rhine plain and the location on the Bergstrasse , Hohensachsen has a mild climate . Mild winters and warm summers are characteristic of the region. The average rainfall is 600–700 mm. The annual average temperature is approx. 10.5 ° C. The area around Hohensachsen is a popular wine-growing area .
Local division
The old town center is located in the center of the village. The town hall and the catholic and evangelical churches are located here . The settlement image of Hohensachsen is characterized by the old town center and the different new building zones mainly north and west of it. The layout of the old village is characterized by the course of the main road, which leads from Großsachsen through Hohensachsen to Weinheim, and the valley road that branches off from it, as well as a bunch of smaller side roads. The town extensions are to the west in the Schulstrasse area, which connects to the OEG stop.
history
Until the 19th century
Originally Hohensachsen belonged to the group of settlements known as Sachsenheim. The name "Sahsenheim" is mentioned for the first time in a document dated June 30, 770 contained in the Lorsch Codex. The name Sahsenheim probably referred to the settlements in the area of the three Sachsenorte. In this document Uoda, a consecrated woman, bequeaths her property, vineyards, houses, barns and stables in Sachsenheim, to the Lorsch monastery . Uoda's father was Teutacar and her mother Freihada, noble landlords who owned property and power on the Bergstrasse. It is believed that the old foundation walls that still surround the Hohensachsen cemetery today belonged to this property.
Sahsenheim has been closely related to its influence and power since the foundation of the imperial Lorsch monastery in 763. Through various fiefs and donations, constantly changing power relationships arose between the Lorsch monastery and Sahsenheim. From the 9th to 11th centuries, Count Liuther von Leutershausen, Bishop Albero, the monastery of Altenmünster and the St. Stephen's monastery near Dossenheim in Hohensachsen were wealthy through fiefs or donations . Of greater importance is a document from the year 989, when a noblewoman named Geriniu "two shares in the basilica in Sahsenheimer marcun" was the Lorsch monastery. The church stood within the walls of the old cemetery of Hohensachsen. It was dedicated to the holy apostle James the Elder and was for a long time the religious center of the three Saxon towns. The church was elevated and away from the village and was probably intended as a parish church for all three Sachsenorte from the beginning . In an old land register of the community there is still a simple sketch of the church. In the 12th century, Hohensachsen and its neighboring towns came under Palatine sovereignty due to the Lorsch Vogtei. From the year 1548 the municipality of Hohensachsen has to be recorded. At their head, a mayor and 6 magistrates. Even then, the seal of the municipality contained a representation of the municipality's coat of arms. Later this is based on the Wittelsbach colors. The town hall of Hohensachsen shows the year 1538 on its ground floor. However, today's town hall is no longer that of 1538, as it was burned down by the French in 1674. Today's town hall is on the foundations of the old town hall. There is evidence of a school in Hohensachsen since 1578. In 1707, the Catholics took over the schoolhouse, which at that time was located at the rectory. In 1790 a new school building was moved into. Since the Reformed no longer had their own school, they continued teaching in the church for a while. Until they finally also built their own parish and school house around 1790. It was renovated in 1829. However, from 1876 both schoolhouses also served as a simultaneous school, after which the community finally built the schoolhouse, which is still used today, in 1905.
20th century
A central water supply was also created in Hohensachsen around the turn of the century. In 1936 an elevated tank was built and expanded with new spring catchments in Ritschweier . In addition, the electrical power supply was introduced in Hohensachsen in 1907.
After the Second World War, Hohensachsen took in over 350 displaced persons, which resulted in a great housing shortage in the village. However, this could be counteracted by building new single-family houses and makeshift homes. Subsequently, over the next few years, new development areas to the west and north of the old town center were developed. This finally resolved the housing shortage. In 1960 the construction of the new cemetery with chapel and mortuary was completed in Hohensachsen. During this time, the construction of the local sewer system began. The largest investment of the municipality, however, was, in addition to the expansion of all local roads, the new construction of the sports hall with indoor swimming pool. This was inaugurated on March 10, 1970. On January 1, 1973, Hohensachsen was incorporated into the city of Weinheim. This happened as part of the community reform in Baden-Württemberg at the time.
Surname
Hohensachsen belonged to the group of settlements known as Sachsenheim. The name "Sachsenheim" originally comes from a noble gentleman named "Sahst" or "Sachso" who settled in the Hohensachsen area. "Sahsenheim" is also mentioned in many older documents. The three Saxon towns of Hohensachsen, Lützelsachsen and Großsachsen are differentiated by name for the first time from the year 877 onwards: In Sahsenheim minor (Lützelsachsen), Sahsenheim superior (Hohensachsen) and Sahsenheim major (Großsachsen).
Population development
Up until the 18th century, Hohensachsen had a correspondingly small population due to the district and settlement conditions . Only in the second half of the 18th century did the population experience a rapid increase. The increase took place until the middle of the 19th century, from then on the population remained about the same, apart from small fluctuations. The stagnation of the population is related to a wave of emigration around 1850. In these years 111 emigrants from Hohensachsen were recorded. Around 1875 the population curve increased again. However, the increase in population at around 40% in the years from 1875 to 1939 was not particularly great. Like almost everywhere in Germany, the population increased until the Second World War. Up to 1950, 315 German expellees had been admitted to the Hohensachsen community. Of these, 133 came from the Sudetenland , 63 from Romania , 44 from Hungary , 29 from Yugoslavia and 31 from eastern Germany, including 20 from Silesia. As the living conditions in Hohensachsen became increasingly tight and the industrial development of the nearby cities advanced rapidly, new residential areas were opened up. As a result, the population continued to grow. The upward trend has continued since the 1990s due to the development of further residential areas in the northwest and west of the district.
| year | Residents | year | Residents | year | Residents | year | Residents | |||
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| 1439 | 170 | 1946 | 1352 | 1988 | 2224 | 2007 | 2472 | |||
| 1577 | 255 | 1950 | 1422 | 1990 | 2215 | 2008 | 2487 | |||
| 1727 | 219 | 1955 | 1474 | 1992 | 2237 | 2009 | 2510 | |||
| 1778 | 258 | 1963 | 1685 | 1994 | 2267 | 2010 | 2519 | |||
| 1818 | 550 | 1968 | 1821 | 1996 | 2347 | 2011 | 2539 | |||
| 1852 | 677 | 1972 | 2411 | 1998 | 2344 | 2012 | 2548 | |||
| 1854 | 650 | 1978 | 2454 | 2000 | 2297 | 2013 | 2573 | |||
| 1875 | 677 | 1979 | 2397 | 2002 | 2325 | 2014 | 2586 | |||
| 1905 | 820 | 1985 | 2184 | 2004 | 2267 | |||||
| 1925 | 881 | 1986 | 2194 | 2005 | 2292 | |||||
| 1939 | 941 | 1987 | 2209 | 2006 | 2344 |
politics
Local council
Members of the local council and their party affiliation:
mayor
Schultheißen, Mayor and since the integration, Mayor of Hohensachsen:
The current mayor is Monika Springer (FW).
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coat of arms
The coat of arms of Hohensachsen shows a silver (white) triangle ending in a cross , which stands on a golden (yellow) three-mountain with a blue background .
Two different interpretations are known about the coat of arms of Hohensachsen, neither of which, however, have to be wrong. There is a local as well as a more supra-regional interpretation of the coat of arms.
- Interpretations handed down from documents say that the triangle ending in a cross symbolizes the former Hohensachsen Jakobskirche. The mountains above the Sachsenorten (Hohensachsen, Lützelsachsen, Großsachsen) are represented by the three yellow arcs.
- Another, non-location-related interpretation says that the silver triangle with the cross is the papal coat of arms. It symbolizes the tiara , the pointed crown of the Pope . Originally, the Pope's crown was surrounded by a jeweled circlet at the bottom. In the 13th century this ring was transformed into a crown adorned with floral ornaments. The coat of arms of Hohensachsen represents one of these three-arched golden flower ornaments. A document from the year 779 shows that Hohensachsen belonged to the imperial monastery Lorsch at that time, which confirms this interpretation.
partnership
Hohensachsen has had a partnership with the municipality of Anet in France since 1974 .
Education, social facilities and sports
Hohensachsen has a primary school built in 1905 , which was expanded and renovated in 2002. There is also a Protestant kindergarten in the center of Hohensachsen. A municipal kindergarten was temporarily housed in the school. In September 2010 he moved into a new building on the former site of the bowling alley, which was demolished in 2009, directly attached to the multi-purpose hall with sports hall (14 × 27 m) and indoor swimming pool (8 × 25 m). There is also a day nursery in the kindergarten. The multi-purpose hall is also used for larger events with a stage, multi-purpose room, kitchen, cloakroom, foyer and other ancillary rooms.
There is also a Catholic infirmary.
In Hohensachsen there are also four children's playgrounds, two football fields and a sports center with a large field sports field (artificial turf) and a sports hall with a handball field, a hundred-meter track, athletics facility, tennis fields and a small field playground.
Attractions
There is a Protestant, a Catholic and a New Apostolic Church in Hohensachsen .
Protestant church
In 1556, under Elector Ottheinrich , St. James' Church, "the church on the mountain", became Protestant. In the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) the church was destroyed, but was rebuilt in 1648 by the Protestant community. From 1650, the parish of Hohensachsen began its written records. By Pastor Jacob Frey (s) a baptismal, marriage and burial book were created. At that time, the parish church of Hohensachsen also included Großsachsen , Lützelsachsen , Ritschweier , Rittenweier and Kunzenbach. In the next few years the villagers had to change religion several times due to the change of religion of the Electors of the Palatinate . In 1674, when the French invaded, the rectory and St. James' Church were again destroyed. The church, which at that time was still at the old cemetery of Hohensachsen, was rebuilt and the pastor now had his residence in Leutershausen . In 1679 Pastor Pfeiffer started a second church book when he took office in Hohensachsen. In 1700 the church was James by a decree of the Count Palatine Johann Wilhelm for an interdenominational church . In 1707 the parish lost all its property, rights and income after an expropriation decree by Johann Wilhelm. The congregation became very poor, but continued to worship in a barn . In 1713 the construction of the 291 guilder church began. The community began collecting and by 713, 291 guilders and 24 cruisers were collected from the surrounding towns.
The new church began to be built on the site of the present church. Demolition material from a brewery in Leutershausen was used as building material . The execution of the work was also poor. Just a few years later, the collapse of the church could no longer be counteracted. In 1730 the church finally began to be rebuilt, this time in the form of a two-story house. The church service room was on the ground floor and a school and apartment for teachers and pastors were on the first floor . The upper floor could also be reached without having to enter the worship room through an external staircase.
Even today you can see the year on a stone above the entrance to the sacristy . In 1790 the citizens of Hohensachsen collected again to raise the 1855 guilders they needed for a new church. Because the church, built in 1730, was not very stable and was about to collapse again. In 1792 the construction of the church as well as the school and rectory should begin.
However, citizens from Lützelsachsen objected to old rivalries. However, the objection was rejected by the elector and Hohensachsen was allowed to build his church. In 1824 the church was renovated for 105 guilders and in 1830 the community celebrated the centenary of the first church. Over the next few years the church was renovated several times and finally in 1892 the centenary of the second church was celebrated. In 1893 the church was repaired inside and outside for 4883 marks under Pastor Braun. In 1930 the 200th anniversary of the church from 1730 was celebrated and Dean Hans Philipp sponsored a new plastering inside and outside as well as a new heating system . In 1954 the church was given another general overhaul for 20,000 marks .
But in 1956 the church was destroyed by a great fire. But four years later, the new building of the third church began again under Pastor Peter Kohler. During the construction of the church, which was inaugurated on December 18, the parish was a guest in Lützelsachsen. In 1978 the bell cage and the roof were in need of renovation. In addition, all windows were double-glazed to save heating costs. Finally, in 1980, the 250th anniversary of the first church from 1730 was celebrated. Pastor Fritz Joecks published a parish book entitled “250 Years of the Evangelical Church in Hohensachsen” for the day of remembrance .
In 2007/2008 the interior of the church was completely renovated by the Evangelical Foundation Care Schönau . The Weigle organ from 1961 is also being revised by master organ builder Martin Vier .
Catholic Church
In 1544 a pastor was hired by the administrator of the high mastery in Hohensachsen. Im was ordered to preach according to "the fathers and the church". In 1561 the Teutonic Order protested against the appointment of a Calvinist preacher. However, it was not until 1565 that the Palatinate were finally able to drive out the Catholic priest. Now the parish made a change of denomination from Calvinism to Lutheranism and then back to Calvinism. In the Thirty Years' War the parish was finally re-occupied by the Catholic Order. In 1700, the pastor serving in Hohensachsen, which the Hohensachsen received from the Weinheim Carmelites , had to give way to a pastor of the Teutonic Order. In the Palatinate church division in 1707, the parish was finally assigned to the Catholics and continued to be occupied by the Teutonic Order. In 1509, the Count Palatinate settled a dispute about the obligation to build the church between the Teutonic Order and the community. The church was destroyed by the French in 1674. It was rebuilt from 1705 onwards, but only poorly, so that further renovation work was necessary. In 1766 the clergyman in the village was able to complete a chapel by the parsonage himself, which he had requested 20 years earlier. However, this had to give way to a new parish church in 1771. The old Jakobuskirche has now been completely abandoned and left to decay. Only the walling of the associated churchyard, the pointed arched main portal and another small Gothic gate have survived to this day.
In 1744 there were requests for permission to build a chapel at the foot of the mountain, as the condition of St. James' Church deteriorated more and more and was no longer tenable. Doors and windows of the church were missing, vestments and altar cloths had been stolen and the church tower had collapsed. In 1771 the Catholic parish church of Hohensachsen was rebuilt. After 800 years of existence, the old church on the mountain had given over to the new church. In 1787 the new Catholic rectory was built, the foundation stone of which was laid with the same blade and hammer as the keystone of the Heidelberg Bridge. The current parish church was designed in 1771 and is dedicated to St. James. A retracted choir with a three-sided closure connects to the hall, which consists of three axes. In 1812, construction director Dykerhoff added a roof turret to the church above the gable facade with the main portal. The church is lavishly decorated with its three baroque altars.
In 1768 a new cemetery was opened as an extension of the old cemetery. This cemetery, which is one of the oldest cemeteries in the region (approx. 1000 years), is still owned by the Catholic parish today. In 1960, a new cemetery with a mortuary and chapel was finally laid out very near the old cemetery.
Old mountain cemetery
Hohensachsen has one of the oldest cemeteries in the region. For more than a thousand years, the town's dead have been laid to rest in the old mountain cemetery on the Äpfelberg. The church of St. James used to stand there , which according to old stories used to be a monastery . The thick walls that still exist also suggest this.
A legend tells of a mysterious walk to the lower mountain road. According to legend, a white elm tree in the cemetery that was knocked down years ago is spilling again, as a pagan Saxon killed a monastery inmate at this point . The cemetery will continue to receive the village's dead in the future. He was recently cleared of overdue graves and is now free for further burials . It became necessary because the new cemetery below, which was put into use in 1960 with its cemetery chapel, is almost fully occupied.
town hall
The town hall of Hohensachsen was already in its current location in 1538. The building is characterized by a Romanesque substructure and a Franconian half-timbered superstructure. The inside of the town hall was rebuilt and completely renovated in 1965. It shows the year 1538 on the ground floor . However, this is no longer in its original location, as the town hall is essentially a building from 1686. It was built on the foundations of the old town hall from 1538, which was burned down by the French under Turenne in 1674 .
War memorial
The war memorial was built in the immediate vicinity of the town hall . It is located in a small square and is a reminder of fallen soldiers who did not return to their hometown.
Visitor mine Marie in the Kohlbach
The medieval silver and lead mine Grube Marie in der Kohlbach is located in the east of the Kohlbachtal, and the open- air mine can be visited. Further traces of mining can be found in the list of mines in the Odenwald .
Personalities
Honorary citizen
- Sepp Herberger (1897–1977), qualified sports teacher, coach of the soccer world championship team from 1954, lived in Hohensachsen for a long time.
- Jakob Wolperth , builder of the Jakob Wolperth Foundation
literature
- Festschrift 1200 years of Hohensachsen
- Festschrift 150 years of MGV Hohensachsen
- Festschrift 1730-2005, 275 years of the Evangelical Church of Hohensachsen
- Documentation partnership Hohensachsen-Anet
- Ludwig H. Hildebrandt: The medieval silver mine "Marie in der Kohlbach" near Hohensachsen (Rhein-Neckar district). In: Monument Preservation in Baden-Württemberg , 34th year 2005, issue 2, pp. 67–71 ( PDF )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Weinheim - data, figures, facts , accessed on March 12, 2017
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 477 .
- ↑ Thomas Ott: The Evangelical Church in Hohensachsen, interior renovation 2007-2008 . 2008.
- ^ Organ of the Evangelical Church of Hohensachsen. (PDF; 812 kB) Organ Friends Weinheim, accessed on December 1, 2009 .
