Greater Saxony

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Greater Saxony
In silver (white) a blue wavy bar, three red apples growing upwards on green stalks, underneath the black village sign (like a ram's head).
Coordinates: 49 ° 30 ′ 50 ″  N , 8 ° 39 ′ 32 ″  E
Height : approx. 100 m above sea level NHN
Area : 5.97 km²
Residents : 3398  (Dec. 31, 2010)
Population density : 569 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
Postal code : 69493
Area code : 06201
Breitgasse, Greater Saxony, 2007
Breitgasse, Greater Saxony, 2007

Großsachsen ( listen ? / I ) is one of the two suburbs of the municipality of Hirschberg on Bergstrasse in the north of the Rhein-Neckar district in the north-west of Baden-Württemberg . The place was mentioned for the first time in 779 in the Lorsch Codex , in 1130 for the first time with the name Sahsenheim major (Großsachsenheim). Audio file / audio sample

The current municipality of Hirschberg was created on January 1st, 1975 through the merger of the two previously independent North Baden municipalities Großsachsen and Leutershausen on Bergstrasse . Both places belonged to the Electoral Palatinate for centuries .

Geography and geology

Greater Saxony was created at the exit of the Apfelbachtal . The brook is diluted in the local area and flows to the west as a ditch of the Weschnitz .

Greater Saxony's direct neighbors are the Hohensachsen in the north and Heiligkreuz in the east, both of which belong to the large district town of Weinheim , the other Hirschberg suburb of Leutershausen in the south and the community of Heddesheim in the west. The closest major cities are Heidelberg , twelve kilometers south, and Mannheim , 16 kilometers west.

To Großsachsen include residential places on Kohlenbach , Belzbuckel , Eutelslach , bondage path , Gallen Mountain , In Kissel , Kunz mill , Marbacher Hof and valley settlement , as did the risen Places On Leutershausener way and bacon as well as the deserted farm Marbach .

Beltzhohl tunnel in Greater Saxony, 15th or 16th century

The northern Neckar alluvial cone runs in the Rhine plain . In the northern part there are clay soils with arable numbers up to 58. To the south, clay soils predominate and arable numbers up to 93 are reached. In the area of ​​the Bergstrasse there are even better soils, mainly loess , with values ​​up to 99. In particular, fruit, vegetables and wine are grown, and in the past also tobacco.

In the Middle Ages there was mining between Hohensachsen and Großsachsen, which an AG Altbergbau Odenwald tracked down. In the former silver mine and today's visitor mine, Grube Marie in der Kohlbach , silver and lead ore and copper pebbles were successfully mined in the 13th century, in the Apfelbachtal after Ritschweier copper ore was mined in the St. Christian mine on Jacobsberg . See also: List of mines in the Odenwald .

coat of arms

The motifs of the former coat of arms of Greater Saxony can be traced back to court seals since 1617; the coat of arms depicts the apple stream and a place symbol, the meaning of which is unknown. Description of the coat of arms : In silver (white) a blue wavy bar, three red apples growing upwards on green stems, underneath the black village symbol (like a ram's head).

history

Early history and the Middle Ages

The name Sachsenheim is probably derived from Sahst or Sachso, although it is not clear whether this is a personal name or a tribe. Via Großsachsenheim the place name changed to Großsachsen.

Foundation walls of a Roman " villa rustica " in Greater Saxony.

The oldest finds from Greater Saxony date from the La Tène period (around 500 BC), when the area was inhabited by the Celts. Under Roman rule, an important military and trade route led from Heidelberg via Lopodunum ( Ladenburg ), capital of the Civitas Ulpia Sueborum Nicrensium and garrison, and across the area of ​​Greater Saxony to the Main and Taunus. The Romans managed an estate ( villa rustica ) on the Apfelbach , the remains of which were uncovered by the State Monuments Office in 1984–1987. The bathhouse had to be demolished, the floor plan of the multi-room main building with an ornamental pond in front was preserved and is accessible to the public. In addition, many coins, hairpins, game pieces and dice, an ornate knife handle and a gemstone ring were found.

Well in Greater Saxony, around 1610

Later the Alemanni and Franks also settled here in the course of the migrations . In the north of Greater Saxony, row graves from the Merovingian period have been found. In the year 779 a Sahsenheim was first mentioned in the Lorsch Codex , which meant the three places Lützelsachsen , Hohensachsen and Großsachsen. The ending -heim indicates a foundation during the Frankish conquest . An exact distinction between the three Saxony locations was not initially made in the documents either. It was not until 1130 that they were first divided into Sahsenheim minor (Lützelsachsen), Sahsenheim superior (Hohensachsen) and Sahsenheim major (Greater Saxony).

In the 10th century Leutershausen was the seat of the Lorsch administration over Leutershausen, Lützelsachsen, Hohensachsen, Großsachsen and Hege. The Lorsch rulership rights went to Markward von Annweiler as a Palatine fief at the end of the 12th century . The feudal sovereignty was from Emperor Heinrich VI. claimed, but fell back to the Count Palatine after his death. After the fiefdoms died out in the 13th century, Greater Saxony was directly under the Electoral Palatinate.

From 1369, Großsachsen is the seat of the Palatinate court district of Äpfelbacher Zent , to which Leutershausen also belonged, which, however, was moved to Schriesheim after 1475 and thus became Schriesheimer Zent . In 1409 Greater Saxony became the Kurpfälzer Zollstation, one of the most profitable rural customs stations in the Heidelberg Oberamt .

Modern times

In the Thirty Years 'War and in the Nine Years' War Großsachsen was devastated. With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss (Reichsdeputationshauptschluss) in 1803, Greater Saxony, together with the entire part of the Electoral Palatinate on the right bank of the Rhine, came under the control of the Grand Duchy of Baden and was incorporated into the Weinheim office. In 1849, during the revolution, the rebels and Prussian troops took place near Greater Saxony.

Politically since 1871 the liberals have been the strongest current. In the election for the German National Assembly in 1919, the left-liberal German Democratic Party (DDP) (35.6%) still had the largest share of the vote ahead of the SPD (31%), followed by the national-conservative DNVP (BP / DNVP, 19.9%) and the Catholic Center Party (13.4%). During the Weimar Republic , the German National People's Party dominated in Greater Saxony . Shortly before the start of the National Socialist dictatorship in Germany in the Reichstag election in July 1932 , the NSDAP was elected by far the strongest party in Greater Saxony (47.6%), followed by the SPD (18.3%), the center (12.7%) and the KPD (7.9%).

The Weinheim office, to which Greater Saxony (like Leutershausen) belonged, was dissolved in 1936 and attached to the Mannheim district office . With the district reform of 1973 , it was incorporated into the newly formed Rhein-Neckar district . On January 1, 1975, Großsachsen and Leutershausen merged as part of the Baden-Württemberg regional reform to form the new municipality of Hirschberg on Bergstrasse .

Population development

Population development in Greater Saxony

year 1852 1871 1880 1890 1900 1910 1925 1933 1939 1950 1956 1961 1970 1974 2010
Residents 1111 1111 1164 1190 1200 1213 1304 1262 1280 2043 1998 2296 2662 3177 3398

Religions

Like Leutershausen, Greater Saxony belonged to the parish of Hohensachsen in the Middle Ages. When Leutershausen became an independent parish, it was also responsible for the part of Greater Saxony south of the Apfelbach, while the northern part remained with Hohensachsen. Elector Ottheinrich introduced the Reformation in 1556 and Greater Saxony also had to take part in all subsequent religious changes in the Electoral Palatinate. In the 18th century the Reformed were in the majority. In Greater Saxony at that time, 20 percent of the population were Catholic, in the 19th century the proportion rose slightly. After the Second World War, their share rose to a third due to the acceptance of displaced persons in Greater Saxony. Since then there has been a parish of both denominations.

The Protestant community belongs to the Ladenburg-Weinheim church district of the Evangelical Regional Church in Baden .

The Catholic community is part of the Weinheim-Hirschberg pastoral care unit and belongs to the Heidelberg-Weinheim dean's office of the Archdiocese of Freiburg .

Jewish residents of Greater Saxony were first mentioned in the 16th century, and then again since the end of the 17th century. In 1871, 37 residents of Jewish faith lived in Greater Saxony, then their number decreased again due to emigration to the cities, and in 1930 the community in Greater Saxony dissolved. In 1933 there were still twelve Jews living in Greater Saxony, who were forced to emigrate in the following years due to the reprisals during the National Socialist era ; six of these were later deported and murdered.

Culture and sights

Buildings

Evangelical Church of Greater Saxony.
Catholic Church of Greater Saxony.

The Protestant church in Greater Saxony goes back to a chapel from 1496 in the same place. The current building dates from the years 1760–1762 and is a transept church , which is typical for Reformed churches of the 18th century. The baroque tower with its characteristic onion dome has become a symbol of Greater Saxony.

The Catholic Christ the King's Church was built in exposed concrete in 1965 on a hill in the new building area of ​​Greater Saxony. The round, detached tower is crowned with a cross and is almost 30 meters high. In 1980 he received five bells, which are coordinated with the ringing of the Protestant church. The church hall rises above a parabolic floor plan and closes with a deep-drawn gable roof.

sport and freetime

The biggest festival in Greater Saxony is the annual Gassenkerwe in August.

The TVG Großsachsen is the largest sports club in Hirschberg. In the 1960s and 1970s, the TVG presented German champions several times in ring tennis . The greatest success of the handball department of the TVG Großsachsen were the championships in the men's handball league Baden-Württemberg (BWOL) in 2010 and 2012, with which the club qualified for the 3rd division . In the 2019/20 season, TVG Großsachsen played in the middle of the third division .

education

There is a primary school and a Protestant kindergarten in Greater Saxony . The Hirschberg community operates a library with a branch in Greater Saxony.

traffic

The B 3 leads through Greater Saxony to Weinheim or Heidelberg. The parallel A 5 motorway is easily accessible with the Hirschberg junction.

Parallel to the B 3, in the through-town Großsachsen partly in street position, the line 5 of the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar (VRN) (formerly: Oberrheinische Eisenbahn (OEG)) leads in a circular course along the Bergstrasse to Weinheim, Heidelberg and Mannheim; Bus routes lead to Weinheim, Leutershausen / Heddesheim and the Odenwald.

The Main-Neckar Railway is a bit out of the way and has the Heddesheim / Hirschberg station between Großsachsen and Heddesheim .

literature

  • Adolf M. Hirn, Gabriele Süskind (ed.), Jürgen Schütz (ed.): The Rhein-Neckar district . Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-8062-0597-3
  • Rudolf Kreutzer: Local family book Hirschberg / Bergstrasse. Leutershausen and Greater Saxony including the Heiligkreuz church branch with the towns of Heiligkreuz, Rippenweier, Ursenbach, Oberflockenbach, Steinklingen, Rittenweier. 1675-1900 . Hirschberg / Bergstraße: Cultural Association 2007 (= Badische Ortssippenbücher 125)

Web links

Commons : Großsachsen  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Hirschberg community: data & facts ; accessed October 7, 2017.
  2. ↑ Hirschberg community: data & facts ; accessed October 7, 2017.
  3. ↑ Place names and assignment according to the Baden-Württemberg State Archives, LEO-BW, local lexicon: Hirschberg an der Bergstraße , there in the section " Local parts" linked subpages; accessed November 5, 2017.
  4. ↑ Memories of forgotten mines . Weinheimer Nachrichten , June 27, 2008. p. 15.
  5. ^ Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, LEO-BW, local lexicon: Wappen Hirschberg ; Retrieved November 6, 2017.
  6. ^ Villa rustica near Großsachsen on the website of the head office for educational media on the Internet
  7. ^ Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, LEO-BW, local lexicon: Großsachsen (old community / part of town) ; accessed November 5, 2017.
  8. ^ Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, LEO-BW, Ortlexikon: Election to the constituent national assembly 1919: Großsachsen ; accessed November 8, 2017.
  9. ^ Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, LEO-BW, Ortlexikon: Elections 1932: Großsachsen ; accessed November 8, 2017.
  10. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 487 .
  11. ↑ Figures in the following table up to 1970 according to the Baden-Württemberg State Archive, LEO-BW, local dictionary: Population development: Greater Saxony , from 1974 according to the Hirschberg community, data and facts ; both accessed November 6, 2017.
  12. ^ Pastoral care unit Weinheim-Hirschberg ; Retrieved November 6, 2017.
  13. ↑ Greater Saxony (Hirschberg community, Rhein-Neckar district), Jewish history , Alemannia Judaica - working group for research into the history of Jews in southern Germany and the neighboring region; Retrieved November 6, 2017.
  14. ^ Erhard Schnurr: The Jews from Leutershausen and Greater Saxony in the National Socialist persecution. Markus Bissinger, Zwingenberg 2010, ISBN 3-937645-04-7
  15. ^ The Evangelical Church in Großsachsen , Evangelical Church Community of Hirschberg-Großsachsen; Retrieved November 6, 2017.
  16. ↑ Christ the King's Church in Greater Saxony , Catholic parish in Weinheim-Hirschberg; Retrieved November 6, 2017.