Leutershausen on Bergstrasse

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Leutershausen on Bergstrasse
In red an upright, left, five-ended, silver (white) stag pole.
Coordinates: 49 ° 29 ′ 54 ″  N , 8 ° 39 ′ 36 ″  E
Height : approx. 100 m above sea level NHN
Area : 6.38 km²
Residents : 6141  (Dec. 31, 2010)
Population density : 963 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
Postal code : 69493
Area code : 06201
Aerial view of Leutershausen; in the background Greater Saxony
Aerial view of Leutershausen; in the background Greater Saxony

Leutershausen an der Bergstrasse is one of the two suburbs of the municipality of Hirschberg an der Bergstrasse in the north of the Rhein-Neckar district in northwest Baden-Württemberg . The place was first mentioned in 877 in the Lorsch Codex , in 897 for the first time with the name Liuthereshusen . The addition to the name “on Bergstrasse” was approved by the state government in 1964.

The current municipality of Hirschberg was created on January 1, 1975 through the merger of the two previously independent North Baden municipalities Großsachsen and Leutershausen. Both places belonged to the Electoral Palatinate for centuries .

Geography and geology

Leutershausen is located in the north of the Rhein-Neckar district not far from the border with Hesse . Direct neighbors are Greater Saxony in the north and Heiligkreuz in the east, which belongs to the large district town of Weinheim , the city of Schriesheim in the south and the municipality of Heddesheim in the west. The closest major cities in the vicinity are Heidelberg eleven kilometers south and Mannheim 16 kilometers west.

The residential area Im Schwanenstein as well as the risen place Waid und Speck belong to Leutershausen .

The northern Neckar alluvial cone runs in the Rhine plain . In the northern part there are clay soils with arable numbers up to 58. To the south, clay soils predominate and arable numbers up to 93 are reached. In the area of ​​the Bergstrasse there are even better soils, mainly loess , with values ​​up to 99. In particular, fruit, vegetables and wine are grown, and in the past also tobacco.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the Hirschberger in Scheibler's book of arms (15th century)

The stag bar on a red background was the coat of arms of the noble family of Hirschberg , the local lords of Leutershausen until 1611. Since 1961 the shield was the official coat of arms of Leutershausen. Description of the coat of arms : In red an upright, left, five-ended, silver (white) stag pole.

history

middle Ages

Broken from the keep of the Hirschburg
The castle from 1716
The Vordergasse and tower of the Leutershausen pilgrimage church
Evangelical Church Leutershausen
Former synagogue in Leutershausen

The place was mentioned for the first time in 877 as Husa in the Lorsch Codex, when the noble Liuthar donated his property to the Lorsch Monastery . In 897 the place was first named Liuthereshusen in the Codex . In the 10th century Leutershausen was the seat of the Lorsch administration over the place itself, Lützelsachsen, Hohensachsen, Großsachsen and Hege. The Lorsch rulership rights went to Markward von Annweiler as a Palatine fief at the end of the 12th century . The feudal sovereignty was from Emperor Heinrich VI. claimed, but fell back to the Count Palatine after his death.

Hirschberger and Hirschburg

In 1142 the noble family of the Hirschberger was first mentioned, which had its seat in a castle above Leutershausen. There are now in the forest the sparse remains of two castles, the Schanzenköpfle and the somewhat lower Hirschburg . Based on the dating of broken fragments, it is assumed that the Schanzenköpfle was the original Hirschburg and that the castle below it was later built by a branch of the family, the Strahlbergern . In the 13th century, they transferred the name Strahlenburg to their new headquarters near Schriesheim. The Hirschburg were taken over by a ministerial family of the Count Palatine, who also called themselves "von Hirschberg". As feudal people they had manorial property and rights in Leutershausen until they died out in 1611.

Modern times

After the Hirschbergs died out in 1611, the fiefdom of Leutershausen fell back to the Electoral Palatinate. During the Thirty Years' War it was reissued by the Bavarian elector and exercised by various nobles. In the Thirty Years 'War and in the Nine Years' War Leutershausen was devastated. Around 1700 the Leutershausen fiefdom went to the Counts of Wiser , who built Wiser Castle until 1716 . The castle is still privately owned by the Graf von Wiser family to this day (as of 2017).

With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss Leutershausen 1803 fell together with the entire right bank of the Rhine part of the Electoral Palatinate in the sphere of influence of the Grand Duchy of Baden and were affiliated there to the office of Weinheim. In 1892 water pipes were laid in Leutershausen and in 1912 there was electricity.

Politically since 1871 the liberals have been the strongest current. In the election for the German National Assembly in 1919, the SPD (34.8%) had the largest share of the vote, followed by the Catholic Center Party (30.4%), followed by the national-conservative DNVP (BP / DNVP, 23.2%) and the left-liberal German Democratic Party (DDP) (11.6%). During the Weimar Republic , the center dominated in Leutershausen . Shortly before the start of the National Socialist dictatorship in Germany in the Reichstag election in July 1932 , the NSDAP was elected as the strongest party in Leutershausen (39.3%), followed by the Center (32.7%) and the SPD (20.1%), the KPD achieved (5.4%) share of the vote.

The Weinheim office, to which Leutershausen (like Greater Saxony) belonged, was dissolved in 1936 and attached to the Mannheim district office . In 1964, the state government approved Leutershausen's application to officially rename the place name to Leutershausen an der Bergstrasse . With the district reform of 1973 , it was incorporated into the newly formed Rhein-Neckar district . On January 1, 1975 Leutershausen and Greater Saxony merged as part of the Baden-Württemberg regional reform to form the new municipality of Hirschberg on Bergstrasse .

Population development

Population development in Leutershausen

year 1852 1871 1880 1890 1900 1910 1925 1933 1939 1950 1956 1961 1970 1974 2010
Residents 1379 1411 1576 1544 1720 1829 2023 2152 2169 3387 3380 3652 5148 5179 6141

Religions

Leutershausen belonged - like Greater Saxony - to the parish of Hohensachsen in the Middle Ages . When Leutershausen became an independent parish, it was also responsible for the part of Greater Saxony south of the Apfelbach, while the northern part remained with Hohensachsen. Elector Ottheinrich introduced the Reformation in 1556 and Leutershausen also had to take part in all subsequent religious changes in the Electoral Palatinate. In the 18th century the Reformed were still in the majority; As early as 1807, however, the Catholics were a strong minority with almost 40 percent. After the Second World War, their share rose to 51 percent in 1961 when displaced persons were accepted. Since then, there has been a parish of both denominations in each of the two districts.

The Protestant community belongs to the Ladenburg-Weinheim church district of the Evangelical Regional Church in Baden .

The Catholic community is part of the Weinheim-Hirschberg pastoral care unit and belongs to the Heidelberg-Weinheim dean's office of the Archdiocese of Freiburg .

In Leutershausen, Jewish residents were first mentioned in the 16th century, and then again since the end of the 17th century. Around 1864 there were 165 Jewish residents in Leutershausen, where there was also a synagogue and a Jewish elementary school , more than 10% of the population. Subsequently, the number of Jewish residents decreased, v. a. due to urban migration. In 1933 there were still 43 Jews in Leutershausen who were forced to emigrate in the following years due to the reprisals during the Nazi era ; 24 residents were able to flee to the USA, five to Palestine and two to Argentina, 2 Jewish residents died in Leutershausen. 12 Jewish residents were deported and murdered.

Culture and sights

Buildings

Remains of the castle ruins on the Schanzenköpfle lie at a height of 400 meters on a spur of the Hohen Waid, southeast of Leutershausen. The plateau on the artificially formed hill is enclosed by a circular wall. A ravine leads from the Schanzenköpfle to the lower-lying ruin of Hirschburg, 500 meters northwest . It is located at a height of 300 meters on a mountain ledge. The remains of the round keep made of granite rubble lie on the plateau.

The castle of the Counts of Wiser was built in 1710–1716 by Johann Jakob Rischer. The facade is kept in the Northern Italian style of the time in the transition from Renaissance to Baroque. The cubic structure with a hipped roof originally had a dome, but it was replaced by a classical gable in 1801 due to the risk of collapse and by a simple parapet in 1929. In the palace park, which was completed in 1730, eleven statues have been preserved that depict , among other things , Greek deities , the seasons, putti and the personified Electoral Palatinate. The ensemble is completed by the farm building, a tithe barn, a coach house, the orangery and the Loreto chapel , in which the Black Madonna used to be. The facility was placed under monument protection in 1989.

The Catholic pilgrimage church of St. Johannes Baptist was built in 1905–1907 in a neo-Gothic style according to plans by Ludwig Maier in Leutershausen. The main and the two side altars, created by Franz Hausch, are considered special works of wood carving. Before that there was a Catholic church next to the Loreto Chapel. At the beginning of the 19th century, the community exchanged land with the Count von Wiser in order to be able to build the new building. It is located on the foundation walls of an old Hirschberg feudal farm. A gilded monstrance and a cross relic from 1760 as well as the Black Madonna were taken over from the old church . Pilgrimages to her have been documented since the consecration of the Loreto Chapel in 1742.

The Protestant church in Leutershausen with the adjoining Bible garden is raised on a hill above the village. The tower dates from the first half of the 14th century. Two Hirschberg coats of arms on its facade remind of its builders. The pointed tent roof was put on in 1811. The three-axis nave was built according to plans by Rabaliatti until 1783 and the polygonal choir followed in 1898.

The synagogue in Leutershausen was built at Schriesheimer Tor in 1867/68. After most of the Jewish families had left Leutershausen due to the National Socialist repression, the synagogue was contracted to the Leutershausen community in May 1938, avoiding the destruction of the November pogroms in 1938 . In 1972 the synagogue was placed under a preservation order and has served as a cultural and meeting place since 2001 after extensive restoration. In 2006 the Scottish glass artist John Kenneth Clark designed two rose windows for the west and east facade.

sport and freetime

Soap box race at the street festival

The biggest festivals are the street festival in Leutershausen every year in July and the Storchenkerwe in September.

The Olympic cinema in Leutershausen, built in 1952, was threatened with closure in 1997 for economic reasons, which was prevented by the establishment of a support group. Converted into a support association in 2000, this support group has also been the operator of the municipal Olympia cinema since 2007 and offers a daily program.

Leutershausen is known nationwide for the sporting successes of the handball teams of SG Leutershausen . In the 1950s and 1960s, SGL was three times German vice-champion in the field handball , 1969 German field handball champion . The greatest success in modern indoor handball was the German championship in 1968 , and SGL was runner-up in 1966 , 1969 and 1992 . The greatest successes in the youth field were the German championship of male A-youth in 1987 and the German runner-up championship of male B-youth in 1985.

In the 2019/20 season, SG Leutershausen played in the middle of the third division .

Since 1999, the Odenwald Bike Marathon has taken place every September with start and finish in Leutershausen.

education

In Leutershausen there is the Martin-Stöhr-Grundschule, a primary school as well as a Protestant and a Catholic kindergarten.

The Hirschberg community operates a library with a branch in the Leutershausen district, where there is also a Catholic public library. The Volkshochschule Badische Bergstrasse has a branch in Leutershausen.

traffic

The B 3 leads through Leutershausen to Weinheim or Heidelberg. The parallel A 5 motorway, built in the 1960s, is easily accessible with its own Hirschberg junction.

The Main-Neckar Railway is a bit out of the way and has the Heddesheim / Hirschberg station between Großsachsen and Heddesheim .

Line 5 of the Rhein-Neckar transport association (VRN) (formerly: Oberrheinische Eisenbahn (OEG)) runs parallel to the B 3 in a circular route along the Bergstrasse to Weinheim, Heidelberg and Mannheim; Bus routes lead to Weinheim, Großsachsen / Heddesheim and the Odenwald.

literature

  • Ferdinand Werner : The castle garden in Leutershausen . In: Die Gartenkunst 2 (2/1990), pp. 248–257.
  • Adolf M. Hirn, Gabriele Süskind (ed.), Jürgen Schütz (ed.): The Rhein-Neckar district . Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-8062-0597-3
  • Rudolf Kreutzer: Local family book Hirschberg / Bergstrasse. Leutershausen and Greater Saxony including the Heiligkreuz church branch with the towns of Heiligkreuz, Rippenweier, Ursenbach, Oberflockenbach, Steinklingen, Rittenweier. 1675-1900 . Hirschberg / Bergstraße: Cultural Association 2007 (= Badische Ortssippenbücher 125)

Web links

Commons : Leutershausen an der Bergstrasse  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Hirschberg community: data & facts ; accessed October 7, 2017.
  2. ↑ Hirschberg community: data & facts ; accessed October 7, 2017.
  3. ↑ Place names and assignment according to the Baden-Württemberg State Archives, LEO-BW, local lexicon: Hirschberg an der Bergstraße , there in the section " Local parts" linked subpages; Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  4. ^ Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, LEO-BW, local lexicon: Wappen Hirschberg ; Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  5. ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [trans.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 1), Certificate 40, October 1, 877 - Reg. 3510. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 100 , accessed on May 23, 2017 .
  6. ↑ Rainer Kunze: The Hirschberg-Waldecker and their castles . In: Mannheimer Geschichtsblätter New Series, Vol. 5/1998, Sigmaringen, ISBN 3-7995-0959-3 , pp. 9–32
  7. ^ Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, LEO-BW, Ortlexikon: Election to the constituent national assembly 1919: Leutershausen ; Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  8. ^ Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, LEO-BW, local dictionary: Elections 1932: Leutershausen ; Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  9. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 487 .
  10. ↑ Figures in the following table up to 1970 according to the Baden-Württemberg State Archives, LEO-BW, local dictionary: Population development: Leutershausen , from 1974 according to the Hirschberg community, data and facts ; both accessed November 9, 2017.
  11. ^ Pastoral care unit Weinheim-Hirschberg ; Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  12. ^ Leutershausen (community Hirschberg, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis), Jewish history , Alemannia Judaica - working group for the study of the history of Jews in southern Germany and neighboring areas; Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  13. ^ Erhard Schnurr: The Jews from Leutershausen and Greater Saxony in the National Socialist persecution. Markus Bissinger, Zwingenberg 2010, ISBN 3-937645-04-7
  14. ^ History of the synagogue and the Jewish community in Leutershausen , working group for the former synagogue in Leutershausen; Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  15. ↑ Something is happening around the Hirschberg castles - Schanzenköpfle - Hirschburg - Waldeck in the investigations by Achim Wendts and Rainer Kunzes , ZUM.de / Badische Heimat 2003, news and notes on regional studies in the region 4/99.
  16. ↑ www.hirschberg-journal.de
  17. ^ Parish and pilgrimage church of St. Johannes Baptist
  18. ↑ Evangelical Church Leutershausen
  19. ↑ Working group for research into the history of the Jews in southern Germany and neighboring areas
  20. ^ Website of John K. Clark, Commissions ; Retrieved November 19, 2017.