Pit Consolidation Alfred
| Consolidation Alfred | |||
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| General information about the mine | |||
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| Information about the mining company | |||
| Start of operation | 17./18. century | ||
| End of operation | 1919 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Lignite / iron and pyrites | ||
| Degradation of | Iron and pebbles | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 50 ° 58 '6.3 " N , 7 ° 8' 2.2" E | ||
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| Location | Kippekausen | ||
| local community | Bergisch Gladbach | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis | ||
| country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Bensberg ore district | ||
The Consolidation Alfred mine is a former lignite mine in the Bensberg ore district in Bergisch Gladbach . The site belongs to the Kippekausen district .
history
The former lignite mine fields Neufeld and Alfred were merged on April 2, 1912 as one consolidated mine field.
The Alfred mine field
The new Alfred mine field was awarded on brown coal, iron stone and pebbles . Most of the records about the previous mining have been lost. At the Arnsberg District Government, Mining and Energy Department in Dortmund, documents about the “Saalermühle” mine are included in the authorization file of the Heidkampsmaßen mine . There is also a volume 3 of the Alfred mine with a consolidation crack of the lignite, ironstone and pebble fields Neufeld and Alfred from February 1912 under the common name "Consolidation Alfred" . The field boundaries that can be seen from this are likely to have been shifted several times before that. For example, the map of deposits from 1882 shows us two finds of brown coal under the name of Alfred, which were last in the Neufeld mine field. One was near the junction of Julius-Leber-Strasse and Geschwister-Scholl-Strasse, the other was about 300 m further east in the forest. These were probably finds that were discovered by drilling , but never exploited. In any case, there are no traces in the area that would suggest a corresponding construction activity. Other deposits under the name of a mining field Alfred are not known.
The Neufeld mine field
In the Neufeld mine field, other sources give us an approximate picture of the open-cast lignite mine in the vicinity of the Saal estate and the Saaler mill. The earliest reference can be found in a will from Kaspar von Zweiffel from 1622. A lime kiln "zum Sahl" is mentioned , which was operated with "Kollen" (coal) from the area. A document dated April 29, 1723 shows that the "former Meer Kloster " (a Premonstratensian monastery from Meer near Büderich) was given permission to build lime kilns in the Franconian Forest and to dig for burning trass to operate them . The landowner Otto Siegen zu Steinbreche acquired the Franconian Forest according to a deed of April 30, 1747. As a result, the rights to operate the lime kilns and the line dismantling were transferred to him. The lignite production was probably located at the extreme northwest corner of today's Saaler mill pond.
Another open-cast lignite mine from the 18th century was about 50 m north of the current tributary of the Milchbornbach into the Saaler Mühlenteich, after the creek had crossed under the golf course road through a pipeline. This results from the entry “Alte Traß Grube” in a situation plan of the area around the knight's seat hall from October 9, 1801 (see cover picture).
With the takeover of the Rhineland in 1815, the Prussian state introduced its laws as Prussian land law. This also included the Prussian mining law . This stipulated that the mining of brown coal was now subject to approval. Multiple called for the mining authorities that "for the lignite mines at Bensberg " Mutungsgesuche had to ask. The Siegen heirs then submitted a notarized copy of the document dated April 29, 1723, which had allowed the dismantling of incendiary material. This led to an official decision of July 22nd, 1820 that the Siegen heirs, after having owned the mining rights for over a hundred years , could not be expected to accept a " lending warning" and that open- cast lignite mining was thus legitimized. Obviously, the name “Saalermühle”, which had been popular up until then, was retained as the name for the pit, without documenting this in a corresponding award certificate or in any other official notification.
The mining fields Bernard and Johann
The landowner Bernard Eyberg and heir to the Jungfern Siegen zu Steinbreche received enfeoffments for the brown coal fields Bernard on November 29, 1842 and Johann on March 2, 1845. According to a situation chart from October 1853, these two mine fields were exactly on the site where they are today the Saaler Mühlenteich, which was rebuilt there at the end of the 1960s.
Heinrich Rolshoven succeeded Eyberg. He turned with the aforementioned documents on 25 October 1848, the Mining Office Bonn with the question of whether the right to lignite mining at the Saalermühle easily pass over to him or whether he should make a renewed Mutungsgesuch. Because no field sizes were specified in the documents, he was advised on November 10, 1848, for his own safety to examine the entire area around the pit. If he should find what he is looking for, he should make a request for encouragement. In this way he could gain a treasure trove of 1200 dimensions as a whole. Rolshoven heeded this advice and received the award of the entire mine field under the name Neufeld with the date of June 3, 1850. The designations Grube Bernard and Grube Johann were therefore dropped. Now it became clear, however, that a Saalermühle mine had officially never existed. This name was therefore deleted from all official documents with effect from January 21, 1851.
Operation and facilities
At all times, all the lignite mined from these pits had been used to operate the lime kilns in the Franconian Forest and the lime kilns on the Steinbreche in Refrath. The street names Alter Traßweg and Neuer Traßweg still remind us today that they have been used over the years as transport routes for lignite.
A renewed award of the Neufeld mine field for lignite and also for pebbles took place on June 13, 1866. At this time there was probably no longer any need for lignite for the operation of the lime kilns. The situation was different with the need for fuel to run the zinc smelter. Various furnaces, such as steam engines, were heated with lignite until 1874, although since 1868 hard coal with a higher calorific value has been brought in from the Ruhr area via the now completed railway line . It can also be assumed that domestic lignite was used again and again at peak times. This indicates that on June 17, 1892, the director of the zinc smelter Hermann Sorg with 5 kuxes and his wife Maria Sorg, b. Rolshoven, with 95 Kuxen, became owners of the Neufeld and Alfred lignite mines. Another deposit under the name Neufeld was located in the immediate vicinity of the zinc smelter. It should have been exploited in the first years of operation of the zinc smelter in the middle of the 19th century. So far it has not been possible to find out more about this.
After the First World War, the Allies occupied the Ruhr area and claimed hard coal as a reparation payment. In this situation, the zinc smelter was forced to obtain its energy needs from other sources. As can be seen from a picture of the Alfred mine in January 1919, a new opencast mine was opened in 1919 near the old mine. There is now a small lake about 30 m west of the golf course clubhouse. It promoted the lignite tippers over a brake mountain , whose highest point is about the green of the hole today. 9 From here, wagons drove straight across the railroad tracks to the zinc smelter. This transport route is still available today.
Location and relics
The Alfred mining field extended from April 2, 1912 in the west to the Auf der Kaule industrial park. To the north it included the Zinkhütte industrial park. In the east, the border ran roughly along the line from the Heidkamper Church to the Neuenweg tram stop. From here the southern boundary to the west ran in a straight line to the street Am Zaarshäuschen.
Clear relics can only be found in the vicinity of the Saaler Mühle recreation area and on the south-eastern part of the golf course. The smaller and larger lakes are former opencast mines or former water drainage ditches. The brown coal seams were mostly covered with two to three meters of sand and clay. As far as one finds undulating soil structures today, it is often smaller and larger spoil heaps that have been created by this excavated material.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Herbert Stahl (editor), Gerhard Geurts , Hans-Dieter Hilden, Herbert Ommer : Das Erbe des Erzes. Volume 3: The pits in the Paffrath Kalkmulde. Bergischer Geschichtsverein Rhein-Berg, Bergisch Gladbach 2006, ISBN 3-932326-49-0 , p. 111ff.
literature
- Herbert Stahl (editor), Gerhard Geurts, Hans-Dieter Hilden, Herbert Ommer: The legacy of ore. Volume 3: The pits in the Paffrath Kalkmulde. Bergischer Geschichtsverein Rhein-Berg, Bergisch Gladbach 2006, ISBN 3-932326-49-0 ( series of publications by the Bergisches Geschichtsverein Rhein-Berg eV 49).