Gusti boards
Auguste "Gusti" Bretter (born March 5, 1896 in Vienna , Austria-Hungary as Auguste Mändl ; † July 2, 1946 in Sweden ) was an Austrian pedagogue , journalist and archivist .
Life
Gusti Bretter was born on March 5, 1896 as the daughter of Leopold "Leo" Mändl (1864–1929), a book printer , and his wife Alice Mändl (née Ripper, 1873–1959) with the name Auguste Mändl. Her brother Hans (1898–1973) was born about two and a half years later. After successfully completing her studies - as a dissertation she published a contribution to the establishment of social policy in 1918 - she began a career as a teacher in her hometown . In her home country she married the lawyer Daniel Bretter and most recently worked as the director of a reform school, a so-called Waldorf school , presumably at the Rudolf Steiner School in Vienna-Mauer , until Austria was annexed . Here she started at the side of Hannah Krämer-Steiner (1895–1984) with a small number of children with teaching at the lowest grades. After the Waldorf School was banned after the annexation of Austria in 1938, it emigrated to Sweden in 1938/39 , as it was affected by Nazi racial legislation . Her father had died a few years earlier and her mother followed her to Sweden. In the Scandinavian country she worked, among other things, as a freelance journalist and from 1943 as an archive worker. Here, two years after her death, the book with the Swedish title Skolan i den totalitära ( German: The school in the totalitarian state ) was published. Your book was a settlement with the National Socialist teaching methods. On July 2nd, 1946, Bretter died in Sweden at the age of 50. Her mother survived her for another 13 years and died on May 7, 1959 in the Swedish capital Stockholm .
Works (selection)
- 1918: Contribution to the establishment of social policy , dissertation
- 1948: Skolan i den totalitära staten ( German: the school in the totalitarian state )
literature
- Ilse Korotin (Ed.): BiografıA. Lexicon of Austrian Women. Volume 1: A-H. Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2016, ISBN 978-3-205-79590-2 , p. 441.
- Thomas Kiem : The Austrian Exile in Sweden 1938–1945. Studienverlag , Innsbruck / Vienna / Munich / Bozen 2001, ISBN 3-7065-1420-6 .
- Friedrich Stadler (Ed.): Displaced Reason I - Emigration and Exile of Austrian Science 1930–1940 from the series Emigration - Exile - Continuity. Writings on contemporary cultural and scientific research . 2nd Edition. tape 1 . Lit Verlag , Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-8258-7372-2 , p. 971 .
Web links & sources
- The Baumgarten Children's Home (English)
- Gusti Bretter on exilarchiv.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ Fair bells or a mighty bell in St. Stephen's Cathedral? , accessed October 23, 2017
- ↑ WALDORF EDUCATION & EDUCATION , accessed on October 23, 2017
- ↑ Gusti Bretter on HEIDI - Catalog for the libraries of Heidelberg University , accessed on October 23, 2017
- ↑ Gusti Bretter on the official website of Stockholm City Library (Swedish), accessed on October 23, 2017
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Boards, Gusti |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Boards, Auguste; Mändl, Auguste (maiden name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian educator, journalist and archivist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 5, 1896 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Vienna , Austria-Hungary |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 2, 1946 |
| Place of death | Sweden |