Good Düssin

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Neo-Gothic mansion and the cattle house

The Good Düssin was a 1000 hectare large Gutsanlage in Düssin in the district Ludwigslust-Parchim in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern .

history

1230 to 1911

Düssin was first mentioned in the Ratzeburg tithe register of 1230 as Dvssin . In 1452 there was another mention in connection with Joachim von Pentz and his brother Ullrich, because of the payment of a pension. In 1535 Düssin fell to the Redefiner line of the von Pentz family.

According to an entry in the land register for 1606, the Meyerhoff Düssin belonged to the knight seat Melkhof and was owned by Levin von Pentz.

In 1616, Levin von Pentz concluded a lien and mortgage agreement with Boldewin von dem Knesenbeck about the Düssin estate. In 1733 the Düssin estate fell as an inheritance to the Besendorfer line of the von Pentz family. In 1748, Berthold Joachim von Pentz pledged parts of the property to Bernd Joachim von Bülow from Camin. After the death of the childless Berthold Joachim von Pentz, the heirs waived their claims to Gut Düssin, so that it remained in the possession of the von Bülow family until 1908. In the same year the von Kanitz family acquired the estate.

1911 to 1938

Engine house and water tower

In 1911 the von Kanitz family sold the manor to the industrialist Georg Plange (1842–1923) from Soest . The new owner Georg Plange has been successfully operating steam mills for years , including the wheat mill in Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg , which went into operation in November 1897 .

Plange immediately began to modernize the farm. The entire village received its own water and sewage system. An imposing water tower and the machine house with a diesel unit and generator were also built, so that Gut Düssin was the first in the area to be supplied with self-generated electricity. Further new buildings followed in the period from 1912 to 1914. The 150-meter-long multi-storey cattle house and the dairy building should be mentioned here. All construction measures were part of the extensive modernization of the estate.

In the newly built cattle house, up to 150 cattle could be housed on several floors. The ventilation system built into the barn was one of the most modern of its time and significantly improved the conditions for keeping the animals. Gutsherr Plange endeavored to increase their productivity by keeping the cattle in a manner appropriate to their species. From 1912 on, a small railway of its own with a rail connection to the Berlin – Hamburg line provided a direct connection to the cattle house.

The servants of the estate were also thought of; two-family houses with gardens and stables were built for them to enable them to self-suffice.

In 1919 Albert Plange took over the management of the estate from his father. In the following years the economic situation became more and more difficult. The general poor economic situation in the 1920s contributed to this.

1938 to 1945

On December 1, 1938, the city of Hamburg acquired the property from owner Albert Plange in order to build an institution for the mentally handicapped. Considered and planned was the expansion of the property into a sanatorium and nursing home in which 4,000 to 5,000 people were to be forcibly accommodated. The establishment was supposed to be self-sufficient with the farm's agricultural products. The responsible Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry granted the license to build and operate the establishment in 1938. The establishment was not built. However, a branch of the Hamburg-Langenhorn sanatorium was set up in the existing buildings and newly built barracks. The approximately 220 sick people who were accommodated in the branch were mostly forcibly committed victims of the Nazi genetic health policy . Those able to work among them were forced to work, which was ordered under the guise of occupational therapy. One inmate made written statements about the poor living and working conditions in Düssin, which he said were worse than those in a prison. The hygienic conditions were also poor, as the medical director of the Langenhorn sanatorium Heinrich Körtke noted after an inspection on August 7, 1939.

From September 1940, the Hamburg social administration took over the farm. The Hamburg authorities thereupon transferred over 200 sick and decrepit sick people from the Hamburg care homes to Düsseldorf. Use by the City of Hamburg ended in April 1945 when the facility was cleared.

September 15, 1944 to 10 March 1945, insisted on the Gutsgelände also KZ satellite camp of Neuengamme concentration camp . The approximately 80 prisoners had to do forced labor on the estate.

1945 to 1990

After the end of the war the expropriation and the liquidation of the Düssin estate followed. The old cattle house and the farm buildings were used by the local agricultural production cooperative (LPG) until the beginning of the 1990s .

1990 until today

At the instigation of the new owners, the brothers Ulf and Lars Lunge from Hamburg, the former cattle house was extensively refurbished by 2008 in accordance with the requirements of historical monuments. Today the building houses a shoe factory. Guided tours in the listed former cattle house are organized annually on the Open Monument Day or made possible by telephone arrangement.

The manor house, the machine house and the imposing water tower have been preserved. However, the buildings are dilapidated or in need of renovation.

Successful ownership from 1452 to 1945

owner Period
Pentz family circa 1452 to 1748
Von Bülow family 1748 to 1908
Von Kanitz family 1908 to 1911
Georg Plange 1911 to 1919
Albert Plange 1919 to 1938
City of Hamburg 1938 to 1945

Mansion

Building description

Draft drawing of the renovation in 1908, Düssin manor house.

From 1860 to 1861 a mansion in the English Tudor Gothic style was built in Düssin . The manor house with an octagonal flanking tower showed the typical architectural features of the time. For example, the corner pilasters, raised like branches, and the eaves crowned with battlements .

After a few years, however, the battlements had to be covered because they were badly affected by the weather. The roof, probably covered with roofing felt for lack of money , weathered over the years. In 1908 it became more and more urgent to carry out the necessary repairs and modifications. The von Kanitz family therefore commissioned the architect Franz Krüger (1873–1937) to remodel the manor house. Kruger then had the old roof and the battlements removed. The mansion was then given a high hipped roof . The pointed helmet intended for the flanking tower , however, was not implemented.

Most of the style elements and the tower were removed after 1945.

use

Until November 1938, the manor house was the representative residence of the respective landlord. With the sale to the City of Hamburg, the function of the building also changed, which now served as an administration building and medical center. 1942 Hamburg led Reichsstatthalter the refurbishment of the manor. Karl Kaufmann personally arranged for the necessary hunting and representative furnishings to be removed from the inventory of Jewish property that had previously been confiscated in Hamburg.

park

The manor house was framed by a well-tended green area, which is only partially recognizable today. However, part of the tree population and the artificially created pond are still there.

Literature and Sources

literature

  • Uwe Wieben: Dark days in the idyll: the Düssin and Garlitz subcamps in Mecklenburg. Akademische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2011, ISBN 978-3-931982-74-4 , pp. 17-27.
  • Michael Wunder: Euthanasia in the last years of the war: the years 1944 and 1945 in the sanatorium and nursing home in Hamburg-Langenhorn. Matthiesen Verlag, Husum 1992, ISBN 978-3-7868-4065-7 , p. 42.
  • Peter von Rönn: Paths to Death: Hamburg Anstalt Langenhorn and euthanasia in the time of National Socialism. Results Verlag, Hamburg 1993, ISBN 978-3-8791-6406-6 , p. 60 f, p. 125.
  • Hugo von Pentz: Album of Mecklenburg goods in the former Wittenburg office. Katharina Baark (Ed.), Thomas Helms Verlag, Schwerin 2005, ISBN 3-935749-37-6 .
  • Sabine Horn: Düssin, manor complex. In: KulturERBE ​​in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania. Volume 2nd year 2006, Schwerin 2007, ISBN 978-3-935770-17-0 .

Unprinted sources

  • State Main Archive Schwerin
    • Holdings: (11.3-1 / 3) 489, family history, estate, collection of Pentz, Gut Düssin.
    • Inventory: (05.12.07 / 01) 10035, Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry for Education, Art, Spiritual and Medical Matters, concession of hospitals (trade regulations § 30), establishment of a sanatorium by the city of Hamburg on the Düsseldorf estate (1938– 1940).
    • Inventory: (05.12.04 / 03) 607, Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests, Settlement Office Department, District Hagenow, Knightly Landgut Düssin, running time : 1907.
    • Inventory: (02.11.02 / 1) 3372, Foreign Relations including Reich (Acta externa), search for two poachers who escaped from the Neuhaus office in the Düsseldorf and Brahlstorf ("Blarstorff") estates in the Wittenburg office, duration: 1699.
    • Inventory: (05.12.03 / 01) 13457, Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry of the Interior, relationships between day laborers and Düssin, duration: 1871.
    • Holdings: (09.01.01.) 1702, Reichskammergericht (trial files) (1495–1806), "Poenal-Citation" before the regional and court court in a dispute over the sale of the Toddin estate with Grünenhof to the defendant, in particular the alleged "devastation of the timber" of the property and the violation of a contract from 1670, plaintiff: Levin Hans Detlef von Pentz on Düssin.

Web links

Commons : Gut Düssin  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Gutshof  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 312.5 hectares of arable land, 337.5 hectares of meadows and pastures and 300 hectares of forest.
  2. ^ A b Friedrich von Meyenn: Documented history of the von Pentz family. Volume I. Bärensprungsche Hofbuchdruckerei, Schwerin 1891, p. 147 (§ 16).
  3. ^ Gut Düssin, death of Lieutenant Curt von Bülow, transfer of ownership to his brothers. In: Government Gazette for Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1892. No. 4. January 22, 1892, p. 30.
  4. ↑ Lehneid because of the purchased feudal estate Düssin. In: Government Gazette for Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1908. No. 48. December 10, 1908, p. 291.
  5. ^ Period of modernization 1912–1914
  6. ^ Ernst Reinstorf: History of the Elbe Island Wilhelmsburg: from the beginning to the present , new edition, Hamburg 2003, p. 367.
  7. ↑ Based on designs by the Hamburg architect Theodor Speckbötel.
  8. ^ Düssin, estate, large cattle house (cowshed). In: State Office for Culture and the Preservation of Monuments Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. June 1, 2007, accessed March 2, 2017 .
  9. ^ Letter from the Reich Governor of Hamburg to the State Ministry in Schwerin: Albert Plange offer to buy. ( PDF ).
  10. ↑ License to hospitals according to § 30 of the trade regulations
  11. ↑ LHAS inventory: 5.12-7 / 1, establishment of a sanatorium and nursing home by the city of Hamburg on the Düssin estate, Hagenow district, 10035, duration: 1938–1940.
  12. ↑ Michael Buddrus (ed.): Mecklenburg in the Second World War. The meetings of Gauleiter Friedrich Hildebrandt with the NS leadership bodies of Gau Mecklenburg 1939–1945. An edition of the meeting minutes. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2009, ISBN 978-3-8378-4044-5 , p. 529 (note no.89).
  13. ↑ a b Herbert Diercks : “Euthanasia”. The murders of people with disabilities and mental illnesses in Hamburg under National Socialism. Hamburg 2014 ( PDF ).
  14. ↑ UKE - Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy - History. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 10, 2009 ; accessed on March 2, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / uke.de
  15. ↑ Patient admitted according to § 42c RStGB, in this respect the Düssin branch probably also functioned as an institution for drinking and rehab; see. Elke Hauschildt: Forcing On the Right Path: Drinking Care 1922 to 1945. Lamprecht, Freiburg 1995, p. 203 (note no. 276).
  16. ↑ Elke Hauschildt: Forcing on the right path: Drinking care 1922 to 1945. Lamprecht, Freiburg 1995, ISBN 978-3-7841-0815-5 , p. 202 f.
  17. ↑ Care homes in Altona, Barmbek / Uhlenhorst, Bergedorf, Farmsen and Wandsbek.
  18. ↑ Neuengamme concentration camp memorial, Düsseldorf subcamp list . Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  19. ↑ Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (ed.): The place of terror . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps. Volume 5: Hinzert, Auschwitz, Neuengamme. CH Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-52965-8 , p. 389.
  20. ↑ 1892 change of ownership within the family
  21. ↑ The design is attributed to the architect Theodor Krüger ; see. Felix Lüdemann: Castles, manor houses and domain tenant houses in the Ludwigslust region and the Neuhaus office: Contributions to the monument topography of Mecklenburg and Pomerania. Part 1. Inaugural dissertation, Hamburg 2013, p. 567 f.
  22. ^ A b Franz Krüger: Düsseldorf Castle in Mecklenburg. Modification. In: Association of German Architects and Engineering Associations (Hrsg.): Journal for architecture and engineering. Volume 58. Hannover 1912, p. 190.
  23. ^ Franz Krüger estate. Renovation in Düssin. In: Folder IV .: "My work", No. 23, cover 4 (34), No. 4.
  24. ^ Architectural biography Franz Krüger. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
  25. ^ A b Uwe Wieben: Dark days in the idyll: the Düssin and Garlitz subcamps in Mecklenburg. Akademische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2011, p. 21.
  26. ↑ Peter von Rönn: Paths to death: Hamburg Anstalt Langenhorn and euthanasia in the time of National Socialism. Results Verlag, Hamburg 1993, p. 61.

Coordinates: 53 ° 21 ′ 35 "  N , 10 ° 58 ′ 51.9"  E