Hotel de Nesle

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Hôtel de Nesle was a Hôtel particulier in Paris that played a prominent role especially in the 14th century.

location

It stood on an area 100 meters wide and 100 to 150 meters deep on today's Quai de Conti , on the left bank of the Seine below today's Pont Neuf . The complex took up the entire triangle between the Quai de Conti, the Rue de Nevers, and the Rue Mazarine. The buildings were in the southeastern part, the gardens were in front of the northwest. When the streets mentioned did not yet exist, two sides of the triangle consisted of the banks of the Seine and the city wall of Philip Augustus , which met at the Tour de Nesle (named after the hotel) in the far north-west of the site.

The Clermont family

The hotel owes its name to Simon II. De Clermont , Lord von Nesle and owner of the house. Simon II was regent of France in the years 1270/71 with the title of "Lieutenant" (deputy) of King Louis IX. while he was on the Seventh Crusade off Tunis ; he died on February 1, 1286. His sons were Raoul II. de Clermont , Connétable of France , and Guy I de Clermont , Marshal of France , who both died on July 11, 1302 in the Battle of the Spurs . In the second half of the 13th century, the father and his two sons had the position that made the construction of such a residence necessary, and the financial means to build and maintain it: directly on the Seine and directly on the city wall Philip Augusts, which was built at the beginning of the century, within sight of the Louvre and Palais de la Cité , separated from both only by the river. The Hôtel de Nesle was one of the largest houses in the city at the time, and the gardens in the complex could easily rival the gardens of the royal Hôtel Saint-Paul .

The old Hôtel de Nesle

Plan of the old Hôtel de Nesle

In front of the hotel on the banks of the Seine, the Clermont family already owned another hotel in Paris, also called the Hôtel de Nesle. This building stood west of the Jardin des Halles, where the Bourse de Commerce is now. Jean de Nesle († before 1236), the older brother of Simon II, passed it to Louis IX in 1232. from, Ludwig's mother Blanka of Castile died here on November 27, 1252. In 1296 Philip IV the Fair gave it to Karl von Valois , whose son Philipp de Valois gave it to John of Bohemia , the king , in 1327, the year before he himself became king of Bohemia , passed on. The new name of the old Hôtel de Nesle was now Hôtel de Bohème, which was later corrupted to Hôtel de Behaigne.

The Hôtel de Nesle owned by the Capetians

In 1308, Amaury de Clermont, the church service brother Raouls II and Guys I, also sold the building complex on the riverbank to Philip the Handsome. In 1313, Philip had the Quai des Grands Augustins and the Quai de Nesle (now Quai de Conti) built to connect the Hôtel de Nesle with the Petit Pont , creating the first bank fortification in Paris.

In 1314, played the Tour de Nesle (built in 1214), the eponymous role in an adultery drama in which the three daughters of Philip IV. Were involved and because of its consequences the change of the dynasty of the Capetian (in the narrow sense) to the Valois to Result had:

However, it can be assumed that the adulterous meetings did not take place in the tower, but rather in the Hôtel de Nesle - especially since the Tour de Nesle only got its name from around 1330.

Despite this, in 1319 Philip V gave the Hôtel de Nesle to his wife Johanna, who from then on held court here when she was in Paris. In her will from 1325, she decided to sell part of the site, the Tour de Nesle, in order to donate the proceeds to the Collège de Bourgogne , which she founded , part of the University of Paris .

The execution of Raoul de Briennes

On November 19, 1350, the Connétable Raoul II. De Brienne was executed without trial on the orders of King John II after he had been arrested the day before. Both the Louvre and the Hôtel de Nesle are named for the arrest, imprisonment and execution, and in some cases both locations for different stages of the process.

Johann von Berry as host of the Hôtel de Nesle

Les Très Riches Heures: The month of June

King Charles VI. gave the Hôtel de Nesle to his uncle, Duke Johann von Berry , in 1380 , who ordered a new building. In the 1400s he kept a large part of his collections here. The June picture of the Très Riches Heures was probably made here, as it shows a view of the Palais de la Cité as it looked from the gardens of the Hôtel de Nesle. Johann von Berry died in the Hôtel de Nesle on June 15, 1416. After his death, the complex fell into disrepair.

The end of the Hôtel de Nesle

On March 25, 1550, King Henry II ordered a coin to be minted and housed the mint in the Hôtel de Nesle. The coin, a “double sols parisis” was given the name “gros de Nesle”. The mint was closed again in 1551 after 26 tons of metal (i.e. 4.4 million copies weighing just under 6 grams) had been minted.

Parts of the complex were demolished, new hotels were built bearing the names of their new owners, new streets were laid out, which are also reminiscent of these new buildings:

  • The Rue de Nesle, which is the only one to refer to the Hôtel de Nesle, did not get its name until 1867 and was previously called Rue d'Anjou Dauphin, was opened in 1607 and is not located on the former grounds of the Hotel, it only leads to it.
  • The Rue de Nevers (1636), reminiscent of the Hôtel de Nevers that stood on the grounds of the Hôtel de Nesle, and which follows the south-east facade of the old hotel
  • The Rue Guénégaud (1641), which is reminiscent of the Hôtel Guénégaud of the Minister Henri de Guénégaud (1609–1676), and which runs right through the former Hôtel de Nesle, and
  • The Quai de Conti (1655), the previously Quai de Nesle, called Quai de Nevers and Quai Guénéaud, and named after the lying here main access to de Hôtel Conti received

In 1665 the remains of the Hôtel and Tour de Nesle were demolished to make way for the construction of the Institut de France and the Bibliothèque Mazarine in the northwest of the site. The city of Paris acquired the southeast in order to build a new Hôtel de Ville there. But then the property was used to build the Hôtel des Monnaies on Rue Guénégaud in the 18th century .

Remarks

  • A hotel built before 1717 and demolished in 1845 at 33 rue de l'Université (today the Hôtel Le Vayer is located here) was sometimes called the Hôtel de Nesle.
  • At the beginning of the 18th century, the Hôtel de Mailly-Nesle stood on the corner of Rue Anatole France at the corner of Rue du Bac, which had to give way for the buildings of the “Caisse des dépôts et consignations”.

Footnotes

  1. ^ Paris vers la fin du XIVe siècle, Laboratoire de Cartographie Thématique, 1975
  2. ↑ Genealogical data on the Clermont family from: Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln , Volume III.4 (1989), Plate 654
  3. ↑ http://www.paris-pittoresque.com/histoire/14b.htm , Historie de Paris, search term: Behaigne
  4. ^ In the Dictionnaire de la France médiévale, Jean Favier gives the Louvre as the place of execution; fr: Raoul II de Brienne speaks of an incarceration in the Louvre and a transport to the Hôtel de Nesle for execution, although it is unlikely that the delinquent will be relocated, given the haste shown by the king.
  5. ↑ http://cgb.fr/monnaies/vso/v09/gb/monnaiesgb738a.html
  6. ↑ see: "Extrait de la nomenclature officielle des voies de Paris" (web search term "nomenclature" and name of the street)