Hörersdorf

Hörersdorf ( village ) locality cadastral municipality Hörersdorf
Basic data
Pole. District , state	Mistelbach  (MI), Lower Austria
Judicial district	Mistelbach
Pole. local community	Mistelbach
Coordinates	48 ° 37 '38 "  N , 16 ° 31' 12"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 37 '38 "  N , 16 ° 31' 12"  E
Residents of the village	425 (January 1, 2020)
Building status	208 (2001)
Area  d. KG	10.2 km²
Statistical identification
Locality code	05057
Cadastral parish number	15020
Counting district / district	Hörersdorf (31633 040)
Source: STAT : index of places ; BEV : GEONAM ; NÖGIS

Hörersdorf is a place in the cadastral municipality of the same name with about 400 inhabitants and since 1972 in the municipality of Mistelbach an der Zaya in Lower Austria . The total area of ​​Hörersdorf, which is 269 meters above sea level, is 1,020 hectares, of which 10.42 hectares are built-up areas.

Hörersdorf used to be a farming village, but only two full-time farms remain (as of 2017). Viticulture, especially red wine, used to be very popular. But this activity has also declined sharply in the last few decades and now only plays a subordinate role. The vineyard area is only about 3 hectares and most of the viticulture is only used for personal use. However, the many wine cellars still remain. In the rear area alone (in Obere and Untere Kellergasse) there are 72 relatively well-preserved press houses with their cellar tubes, most of which were dug between 1680 and around 1800.

history

As with many other settlements in the Weinviertel, the medieval beginnings are not to be found in a planned settlement, but in a farm. The noble court founder Herolt from the entourage of the Counts of Formbach-Raldberg had the best broad strip of land (about no. 10 to the lake) behind at his villication (curia villicalis) on today's location in Hörersdorf No. 9-12 around 1060-1075 selected the house. When Berthold from the Mühlbacher clan took over his inheritance, a part of the courtyard was divided off to the north. This no. 28 (later "Truchsesshof") came into the possession of the Herzogenburg Abbey a long time afterwards and after 1300 came under the rule of Staatz. Berthold and his three sons sold the village of Hörersdorf to Klosterneuburg Abbey in 1114 for 20 marks through the mediation of their noble relative, Canon Opold. Apparently the Mühlbach clan, which can be found in Hörersdorf until 1180, took over the property as a fief. It is possible, but has not been archaeologically investigated to this day, that during this time the Mühlbachers had a small permanent seat built on the southern edge of the district (in the "Purgstall" corridor), which then came off again. In the village itself, farmers initially settled at No. 4/5, 14/15, 10, 9 and 13, who were assigned their hoof strips. The manor house, an official court under Klosterneuburg since about 1180, had its fields in addition at the end of the village in the upper and lower "Praiten". The farmer's fiefs were partly supplied by splits in the initial arable strip, but also partly in the upper Grund on the Pürsting and in the Niedergrund on the Rendlsteig.

Parish church hl. Oswald

Due to the massive settlement of farms after 1200, the question of pastoral care became important. With the incomplete settlement east of the brook 1160–1210, the view of St. Oswald's church on half the mountain slope opposite the courtyard was preserved. In the second half of the farmer's fiefs, the best arable land had already been taken. Now they began to reclaim fields on the Kirchfeld and "over the gorges". And above the Kirchfeld vineyards were set up by the bailiff in "Altenbergen". After 1240 some fiefdoms lay fallow, the houses were temporarily uninhabited, and already after 1218 the rulers had decreased taxes due to the circumstances of the time. Other signs convey a certain population pressure, which repeatedly led to "communities" (2 farmers on one estate). According to the land register in 1258 there were 44 inhabited village houses , including 14 small farmsteads (north and south edge). In the original pasture at "Kühberg" (NO), the Hörersdorfer opened an additional vineyard corridor around 1200. The cattle drift for sheep and goats now went to the high "Gaisstall". There were 24 herb gardens in Hexenau. So although a strong expansion of the corridor can be determined, there was still a lot of forest in the surrounding area. The "lake" belonged to the Amtshof and No. 28. In the meantime, a parsonage (curia plebani) had also been set up, which around 1265 received fief No. 38/39 as a serviceable property. It was not until the 14th century that the pastor received another property instead.

The Klosterneuburg bailiff Ulrich Helt has had a great influence since the Interregnum. He and his descendants subsequently played a major role in the splitting up of the village fiefs. The villication was divided more and more, and fiefdoms were changed to halves. In 1303 there were already 69 houses and there were 18 whole fiefs and 25 half fiefs to Klosterneuburg, in 1360 57 houses are inhabited. In this time of crisis in the late Middle Ages, new communities were formed. In addition to the loss of settlement, there was soon also desertification in the corridor. In addition to the bailiff, a village judge was now also in office . After a donation to the Hörersdorf parish in 1388, a small parish was established. Further foundations motivated the Gothic renovation of the church. The following decades were an unstable period (five fiefdoms were lost), some fiefs disappeared for a few generations, only to be rebuilt in the 15th century. Since the Hussite Wars around 1420, Staatz has been considered a "place of refuge", as far as it can be determined, but these wars had hardly any impact in Hörersdorf. Family names are mentioned throughout this period: The name "Necham / Neckam", which is common in the area, goes back to "Ull (Nechoem) gener Freinhonis" in 1303. Another time of crisis came in the second half of the 15th century. The double ownership, rapid change of ownership, supply management and desertification on the north and south of the village increased. By 1480 only 58 houses were inhabited. By the time the Hausmannstetter Urbar was built in 1513, there was a new upswing, at that time there were already 76 inhabited houses. Overland fields and new vineyards in the surrounding area contributed to stabilization. In 1544–1557, numerous Hörersdorfer were likely to have drifted into the Reformation waters; There seems to have been a slight emigration in the late 16th century. In the early 17th century, the repeatedly deserted 2 ½ fiefs on the southern edge of the village were split up into quarter fiefs. In 1686, in addition to 71 houses, the first (land register) wine cellar is mentioned. In the following generations, a cellar lane was built on the western edge of the village on the edge of the farmland. When the Barnabites took over the parish in 1661, a baroque-catholic culture gradually developed. New desertification was inevitable for agriculture, on the southern edge the quarter feuds mutated into "Feldlehen" and overland land. There was probably never a communal "three-field economy" in Hörersdorf, but there were communal facilities: e.g. B. Stierwiese, Rosswiese and the cattle drive. After 1751 (68 houses) a new small house development started on the slope around St. Oswald> 1784 83 houses with 503 inhabitants, 1794 97 houses. The number of houses remained the same until it was established as a political municipality in 1850.

In the last days of the Second World War , Hörersdorf became the scene of brief fighting between troops of the Wehrmacht and the Red Army , in which three Soviet and one German tanks were shot down. 12 buildings were destroyed and a road bridge was blown up. On April 19, 1945 the place was occupied by the Soviet Army.

literature

• Hans Krawarik: Hörersdorf in the Weinviertel . Yearbook of Klosterneuburg Monastery NF Vol. 20, pp. 83–150.

Web links

Commons : Hörersdorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Homepage of Hörersdorf
• Mistelbach's homepage

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Hans Krawarik: Hörersdorf in the Weinviertel . Yearbook of Klosterneuburg Monastery NF Vol. 20, pp. 83–150.
2. ^ Army History Museum / Military History Institute (HGM / MHI) , Military History Research Department (MilFoA), study collection, inventory 1945, box 5, fasc. 45/9, municipality reports Lower Austria, District Mistelbach