The radio in France is characterized by a dual system of. The public service Radio France faces a large number of commercial providers. Both Radio France and the commercials offer national and regional or local services.
General
The radio reception in France and thus also the audience structure by format cannot be compared with the situation in Germany. In France, the word initially has a higher share of radio demand than in Germany, and music accordingly has a lower share. Furthermore, overall radio demand, i.e. word and music programs combined, is higher than in Germany.
Accordingly, the so-called radios généralistes , which broadcast nationwide, are the most popular stations. These include both commercial providers, RTL, RMC and Europe 1, and public service providers, France Inter and France Info. These stations can all be heard on long wave nationwide on the same frequency , with the exception of France Info, which broadcasts on different medium wave frequencies. All of them also have a largely nationwide VHF network, with the exception of RMC, which does not broadcast on VHF in the northern regions (but in Paris it does).
The commercial généralistes have their origins at a time when commercial radio broadcasting was not yet authorized in France; the long-wave transmission systems were always abroad, that of RMC in Monaco, that of RTL in Luxembourg and that of Europe 1 in the Federal Republic of Germany. This evasive behavior is the reason why long-wave reception continues to enjoy great popularity in France, which is reflected, for example, in the fact that French automobiles are usually designed in such a way that all functional units are long-wave suppressed.
The German term “Vollprogramm” does not adequately describe the radios généralistes because their program scheme deviates significantly from what is common in German-speaking countries. A large part of the program consists of talk programs or programs with audience participation (call-in programs). News, background programs, interviews, comedy and game shows also take up a lot of space. The audience ratings are noticeable: Although their programs seem rather “boring” for German listening habits (wordy, with lengthy original sounds, formerly in telephone quality) the radios généralistes are more popular than the music stations. In contrast, there are comparable stations in Spain and the USA that are also very successful . The radio généraliste of the public broadcaster Radio France is France Inter , which has been broadcast since 1963 . In addition, a number of other radios généralistes were created after 1945 .
Until 1981 , no private broadcasters were allowed in France, the state had the broadcasting monopoly. However, private radio stations broadcast their programs from neighboring countries on long wave and thus reached a large number of listeners in France. These programs are still broadcast on long wave to this day, but they can now also be heard all over France on FM - but they are still the most popular radio stations. The term radios périphériques remains from the time when they broadcast from the periphery to France . Incidentally, the studios of most of these stations were in Paris from the start.
In 1994 France introduced a general quota for the share of French music productions in the total amount of music broadcast during the day between 6.30 a.m. and 10.30 p.m. Since then, at least 60% of the airtime must be devoted to productions by European artists, and 40% of the airtime must be devoted to productions by French artists. The rule does not apply to channels that broadcast classical music or programs for the ethnic minorities living in France. The promotion of French interpreters is part of a policy which, under the slogan of l'exception culturelle française, was also extended to television and cinema ( le décret TASCA of January 17, 1990).
public service broadcasters
The public service broadcaster Radio France broadcasts seven programs. The France Vivace classical music program was discontinued at the end of August 2010. The ratings refer to the data from "Médiametrie" for the first half of 2015. The information corresponds to the broadest audience ("heard at least once during the day")
| Name of the sender |
genre |
Market share
|
| France Inter |
current reports, reports, talk |
10.6
|
| France Info |
News (politics, economy, sport, culture, weather, environment, health) |
8.1
|
| France Bleu |
Regional themes, oldies |
7.5
|
| France Culture |
Culture, science, society |
2.3
|
| France Musique |
Classical music |
-
|
| FIP |
Jazz, pop, chanson, world music, classical music |
-
|
| MOUV ' |
current chart music, rap |
1.0
|
Private broadcaster
"Radios périphériques" / generalist programs
(Audience rating in the first half of 2015):
Music channels
The broadcasting chains broadcast their programs practically across the board via VHF: The broadcasters for the young target group (14-29 years) have a larger share of listeners than those for the older target group (30+). Broadcasters such as NRJ and Fun Radio are particularly well known among young audiences, as they often host events and shows across the country.
| Name of the sender |
genre |
Market share (in%)
|
| NRJ |
current chart music |
11.8
|
| Fun radio |
Dance, RnB |
6.7
|
| Skyrock |
Rap, RnB |
6.6
|
| Virgin Radio |
Pop, rock, electro |
4.5
|
| nostalgia |
French / international chansons |
5.5
|
| RFM |
greatest hits from the 70s, 80s, 90s, 200s |
4.6
|
| Chèrie FM |
greatest hits from the 70s, 80s, 90s, 2000s |
4.5
|
| RTL2 |
Mix of pop and rock |
4.3
|
| MFM radio |
music in French only |
|
| Rire & Chansons |
Skits and chansons |
-
|
history
Paris, Eiffel, PTT,
PP, Cité, Île, 37 |
|
Sender locations (1939; public in blue , private in red ) |
On December 24, 1921, the Eiffel Tower transmitter began daily programs for the general public after having been used by the military since 1910. Almost a year later, on November 6, 1922, the private broadcaster “Radiola” began regular operations, which was intended to promote sales of the receiver of the same name. A dual broadcasting system was created in France from the start . Its public side is carried out by the postal, telegraph and telephone administration PTT . On the private side, the owner of Radio Toulouse , Jacques Trémoulet, controls more and more stations over time. After the Second World War, in 1945 Radiodiffusion française (RDF; from 1964 ORTF ; from 1975 Radio France ) received a monopoly on radio broadcasts for almost 40 years, which led to the development of private French-speaking “peripheral radios” in Luxembourg, Andorra, Monaco, Saarland and Spain favored.
Table of pre-war channels
| place |
program |
Period |
carrier |
Transmitter location
|
| Paris |
Poste de la Tour Eiffel |
1921– |
public |
Paris ( Eiffel Tower )
|
| Paris |
Paris PTT |
1923– |
public |
Villebon (1935)
|
| Lyon |
Lyon La Doua |
1925– |
public |
Tramoyes (1935)
|
| Toulouse |
Toulouse Pyrénées |
1925– |
public |
Muret (1936)
|
| Marseille |
Marseille Provence |
1925– |
public |
Realtor (1937)
|
| Bordeaux |
Bordeaux Lafayette |
1926– |
public |
Carreire (1931); Néac (1940)
|
| Grenoble |
Alpes-Grenoble |
1927-1939 |
public |
Grenoble
|
| Limoges |
Limoges PTT |
1927– |
public |
Limoges
|
| Rennes |
Rennes PTT |
1927– |
public |
Thourie (1936)
|
| Lille |
PTT north |
1927-1939 |
public |
Camphin (1935)
|
| Montpellier |
Montpellier Languedoc |
1929– |
public |
Montpellier (Hôtel des Postes)
|
| Strasbourg |
Strasbourg PTT |
1930-1940 |
public |
Brumath
|
| Paris |
Paris Mondial |
1931– |
public |
Pontoise (1931); Rambouillet (1936); Allouis (1939)
|
| Paris |
Radio Paris |
1933– |
public |
Saint-Rémy (1931); Allouis (1939)
|
| Nice |
Nice PTT |
1936– |
public |
Antibes (1936)
|
| Paris |
Radiola / Radio-Paris (1924) |
1922-1933 |
private (CSF-SFR) |
Levallois; Clichy (1924); Saint-Rémy (1931)
|
| Caen |
Normandy / Caen |
1923-1930 |
Private |
Caen
|
| Paris |
Poste Parisien |
1924-1940 |
private (Dupuy) |
Les Molières (1932)
|
| Lyon |
Lyon |
1924– |
private (Laval) |
Dardilly (1935)
|
| Agen |
Agen |
1924– |
private (Trémoulet 1933) |
Domaine de Monbran (1932)
|
| Bordeaux |
Bordeaux Sud-Ouest |
1924-1940 |
private (Trémoulet 1930) |
Château Birman, Cenon (1935)
|
| Montpellier |
Montpellier |
1925– |
private (Trémoulet 1935/39) |
Montpellier
|
| Toulouse |
Toulouse |
1925– |
private (Trémoulet) |
Château de Saint Agnan (1933)
|
| Strasbourg |
Strasbourg |
1925-1932 |
private (amateur club) |
Strasbourg
|
| Mont-de-Marsan |
Mont-de-Marsan |
1925-1925 |
private (amateur club) |
Mont-de-Marsan
|
| Paris |
Radio LL |
1926-1935 |
private (Lévy) |
Paris (rue de Javel)
|
| Paris |
Radio Vitus |
1926-1934 |
private (Vitus) |
Paris (rue Damrémont)
|
| Beziers |
Béziers / Midi |
1926-1936 |
private (Bonnefous) |
Beziers
|
| Fécamp |
Normandy |
1926-1939 |
private (Legrand) |
Louvetot (1938)
|
| Angers |
Angers / Anjou |
1926-1927 |
Private |
Angers
|
| Biarritz |
Cote d'Argent |
1926-1928 |
Private |
Biarritz
|
| Limoges |
Limoges |
1926-1927 |
Private |
Limoges
|
| Juan-les-Pins |
Juan-les-Pins / Côte d'Azur / Méditerranée |
1927– |
private (casino) |
Juan-les-Pins (Casino)
|
| Nîmes |
Nîmes |
1927– |
private (Laval 1940) |
Vauvert (1938)
|
| Periphery: Luxembourg
|
Luxembourg |
1933– |
private (CLR) |
Junglinster
|
| Paris |
Poste de l'Ile-de-France |
1934-1940 |
private (Trémoulet) |
Romainville
|
| Paris |
Radio Cité |
1935-1939 |
private (Bleustein) |
Argenteuil (1937)
|
| Paris |
Radio 37 |
1937-1940 |
private (Prouvost) |
Rueil-Malmaison
|
| Periphery: Andorra
|
Andorra |
1939-1981 |
private (Trémoulet) |
Encamp, Andorra
|
| Periphery: Monaco
|
Monte Carlo |
1943– |
private (SOFIRA) |
Fontbonne, Monaco
|
| Periphery: Saarland
|
Europe 1 |
1955– |
Private |
Felsberg , Saarland
|
| Periphery: Spain
|
Atlantic |
1956-60 & 1968-75 |
private (Trémoulet) |
San Sebastian, Spain
|
| Periphery: Andorra
|
Sud radio |
1958– |
Private |
Encamp, Andorra
|
literature
- Christian Brochand: Histoire générale de la radio et de la télévision en France. Tome I. 1921-1944 . La documentation Française. Paris. 1994. ISBN 2-11-002992-7
- Christian Brochand: Histoire générale de la radio et de la télévision en France. Tome II. 1944-1974 . La documentation Française. Paris. 1994. ISBN 2-11-003031-3
- Christian Brochand: Histoire générale de la radio et de la télévision en France. Tom III. 1974-2000 . La documentation Française. Paris. 2006. ISBN 2-11-005613-4
- René Duval: Histoire de la radio to France . Bibliothèque des media. Editions Alain Moreau. Paris. 1979. ISBN missing.
- Hélène Eck: La guerre des ondes: Histoire des radios de langue française pendant la 2ème Guerre mondiale . Paris: Colin u. a., Editions complexe, 1985. ISBN 2-601-00475-4
- Ursula E. Koch, Detlef Schröder, Pierre Albert, Rémy Rieffel (editor): Radio in Germany and France. La Radio en France et en Allemagne. Un dialogue entre journalistes et chercheurs. Journalists and researchers in conversation . Bilingual band. Reinhard Fischer publishing house. Munich. 1996. ISBN 3-88927-169-3
Web links
Individual evidence
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↑ 100 ans de Radio - L'année radiophonique 1939
