Felsberg-Berus transmitter
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Felsberg-Berus transmitter
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| Basic data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Place: | Overriding | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Country: | Saarland | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Country: | Germany | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Altitude : | 385 m above sea level NHN | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Coordinates: 49 ° 16 ′ 48 " N , 6 ° 40 ′ 40.8" E | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Use: | Broadcasting station | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accessibility: | Transmission system not accessible to the public | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owner : | Broadcasting Center Europe (BCE) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data on the transmission system | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Waveband : | LW (switched off) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Radio : | LW broadcast | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Send type: | Directional radio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Felsberg-Berus transmitter is a long-wave transmitter of the Broadcasting Center Europe (BCE), a subsidiary of the RTL Group in the municipality of Überherrn in the Saarlouis district in Saarland . He broadcast the Europe 1 program until December 31, 2019 . The municipality of Überherrn has been the owner of the striking old transmitter hall since October 1, 2016.
Geographical location
The transmitter is located between Felsberg in the northeast, Altforweiler in the east and Berus in the south close to the dome on the western flank of the unforested Sauberg ( 377.3 m above sea level ). The border with the French region of Lorraine runs around 750 m to the west. The federal road 269 runs a little north past the transmitter , from which the state road 351 , which passes the transmitter directly to the west, branches off in its section Ittersdorf- Berus to the south-southeast. The counter-approach of the traffic area around the Saarlouis-Düren airfield (EDRJ) is only a few 100 m slightly offset to the north, parallel to the main group of masts in 2000 ft MSL (masts 2100 ft MSL). The distinctive red and white color makes them very easy to recognize and ideal approach points.
Station description
This transmitter, which owes its existence to the special statute of the Saarland in the 1950s, was with 2.4 MW transmission power the strongest radio transmitter on the territory of Germany and one of the largest radio transmission systems in the world. It was broadcast on the frequency 183 kHz. On December 31, 2019, the transmitter was switched off due to its low profitability.
It was planned as early as the Second World War to build a radio transmitter with a 170 m high tubular steel mast at this location. Because of the advancing war events, this could not be realized.
As antenna a of four versus comes earth insulated, and as self-radiating masts executed directional antenna with a Abstrahlmaximum in the southwest used. Due to the strong directional characteristic of the antenna, the reception northeast of the transmitter, i.e. in most of Germany, is poor or distorted. The masts are 270 m, 276 m, 280 m and 282 m high, masts 1 to 3 were erected in 1954/55, in 1964 mast 4 was added. The centuries-old Karlshof, which played a role in a story by the Saarland poet Johannes Kirschweng, had to give way to the construction of this mast .
In 1958, mast 1 (270 m), the only transmission mast located in Felsberg district, was vertically offset by 102 m in order to achieve better radiation performance. In addition, a reserve antenna has existed since 1975, which consists of two 234 m high braced steel lattice masts insulated from earth (masts 5 and 6). These are located about one kilometer northwest of the broadcasting hall.
On the morning of August 8, 2012 around 10 a.m., an approx. 80 meter high part of the 280 meter high transmission mast broke due to a torn tether rope and hit the ground immediately next to the base of the mast on the transmission site. Nobody got hurt. This made the original system unusable. The damaged transmission mast was brought down on November 19, 2012 with targeted explosive charges, but not disposed of and is still on the transmitter site to this day (as of July 2013). Until the renovation in summer 2013, the reserve antenna with two 234 meter high masts took over the transmission. In aerial photos, no remains of masts are visible (as of May 2015), the bases for the masts and their guy ropes are still in place.
Mast 1 was blown up on June 13, 2013 at around 4 p.m. in the course of a renovation that enabled operation with the two remaining transmission masts of the main antenna, mast 2 and mast 4. Since there was too large a gap between mast 1 and the two other masts due to the omission of mast 3 in summer 2012, it was no longer possible to operate the remaining antenna with mast 1, so the decision was made to use only two masts. In May 2014, the transmission system was handed over to the RTL subsidiary Broadcasting Center Europe, as the Europe-1 owner Lagardère was looking for a solution to ensure the continued operation of the station. For this purpose, BCE replaced the old tube transmitter from 1975 with a new transmitter equipped with transistors. The transmitter is no longer constantly manned by technicians, but is controlled remotely from Luxembourg.
Broadcasting hall
The building in which the transmitters are housed is a prestressed concrete construction without supporting pillars and is a listed building. It is the world's first large-scale building with a roof cast from concrete that hangs on prestressed ropes. Construction began on June 15, 1954 and was completed the following year. It has a length of 86 m, a width of 46 m, a maximum height of 16.22 m, a surface of 2700 m² (1770 m² of which is glass) and a volume of 31,000 m³.
When looking for a suitable transmitter for the Saargau region , they chose the shape of a scallop for the building because of the limestone that occurs here . Therefore the roof has only one axis of symmetry .
The first architect, Jean François Guédy, committed suicide when the roof collapsed during construction and accusations were made against him as a result. Then Eugène Freyssinet took over the construction management in October 1955 ; he had six additional drawstrings installed in the transverse direction for reinforcement . After the partial collapse of the Berlin Congress Hall in 1980, the broadcasting hall was examined for its stability and an extensive maintenance concept was implemented.
The building is heated by the waste heat from the transmitters.
In front of this building there is another telecommunications tower made of reinforced concrete , which was originally intended to broadcast the Telesaar television program .
After the municipality of Überherrn acquired the transmission system in 2016, the term “Gillodrom” for the hall began to establish itself in the vernacular. The name is an allusion to the mayor of Überherrner Bernd Gillo, who pushed through the purchase despite high municipal debt.
The term became part of Maischerzen on Freinacht 2019. In various places in the community signs were put up that indicated the "Gillodrom".
DVB-T2 HD
This station is planned to broadcast a DVB-T2 multiplex.
| channel | frequency | Multiplex | Programs in multiplex | ERP |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32 | 562 | ARD digital | The first HD | ? |
| Phoenix HD | ||||
| Arte HD | ||||
| SR television HD | ||||
| one HD |
DAB +
This station is planned to broadcast a DAB + multiplex
| block | Programs | ERP (in kW) | Antenna pattern round (ND) / directional (D) | Single frequency network (SFN) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9A
Saarland 1 (D__00238) |
DAB + block of the SR
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5 | D. |
Bliestal (Webenheim-Hahnen) , Mettlach (St. Gangolf) , Moselle Valley (Oberperl-Hammelsberg) , Saarbrücken (Göttelborner Höhe) , Saarbrücken (Halberg) , Tholey (Schaumberg)
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See also
- List of transmitters in Saarland
- List of radio stations
- List of tallest skyscrapers in the world
- After-work house Knapsack
literature
- Georg Skalecki: Broadcasting hall Europe 1 in Felsberg . Ed .: State Conservatory Office Saarbrücken.
- François Melcion: Notes on Felsberg / Saar . 2010 (private print).
Web links
- Felsberg-Berus transmitter. In: Structurae
- Information on the Felsberg-Berus 183 kHz long wave transmitter ( Memento from May 22, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- sarrelibre.de: How the Saarlanders invented private television ... (2018)
- (private side)
- (French)
- http://www.saar-nostalgie.de/europeno1.htm
- http://www.moderne-regional.de/europaeische-schoenheit/
Individual evidence
- ↑ See: Andreas Brudnjak: The history of the German medium-wave transmission systems from 1923 to 1945. Funk-Verlag Hein, Dessau-Roßlau 2010, ISBN 978-3-939197-51-5 .
- ↑ Sender Felsberg-Berus: tether torn, transmitter mast kinked saarbruecker-zeitung.de from August 9, 2012
- ↑ Specialists blow up broken transmission mast in Berus saarbruecker-zeitung.de from November 20, 2012
- ↑ Damaged Felsberg mast blown up ( memento of the original from February 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. radioeins.de from November 20, 2012
- ↑ Second transmission mast was blown up ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. saarbruecker-zeitung.de from June 15, 2013
- ↑ Felsberg transmitter with new antenna configuration ( memento of the original from December 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. radioeins media magazine from May 20, 2014
- ↑ BCE press release ( Memento of the original dated August 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Andreas Fickers: The beginnings of commercial broadcasting in Saarland. The history of the Saarländische TV AG (Tele-Saar and Europe No. 1). (pdf) In: academia.edu. P. 25–26 , accessed on April 4, 2016 : “Research by the Académie des Sciences member and“ Master of Concrete ”Albert Caquot showed that the engineer responsible for the statics had miscalculated, whereupon Guédy committed suicide in September 1955 took. "
- ↑ Gerhild Krebs: Memotransfront - Places of cross-border memory. Europe 1 - transmitter, Ittersdorfer Straße 101, Felsberg-Berus / Überherrn. In: memotransfront.uni-saarland.de. Retrieved on April 4, 2016 : "Guédy's conception with pillar construction and ring anchors was retained, but Freyssinet reinforced the securing of the hall roof with six additional tension straps that run from the center of the shell to the edge of the hall."
- ↑ Georg Küffner: Cathedral of the waves: The filigree roof (page 2). In: www.faz.net. October 21, 2019, accessed October 21, 2019 .
- ↑ https://m.saarbruecker-zeitung.de/nachrichten/kultur/was-wird-aus-der-sendeanlage-von-europe-1-in-berus-bei-ueberherrn_aid-32196121
- ↑ DVB-T2 HD: DVB-T2 HD transmitter locations. Retrieved on May 1, 2020 (German).
- ↑ Saarland station table (DAB / DAB +). Retrieved on May 1, 2020 (German).
