List of tallest skyscrapers in the world

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This is a list of the tallest skyscrapers in the world as well as the tallest buildings under construction (as of April 2020).

List of tallest skyscrapers in the world (over 350 m)

The list includes all buildings that reach a height of at least 350 meters. Only buildings that have the status “ Completed ” or “ Architecturally Topped Out ” by the CTBUH are included. All buildings are ranked according to their official height . This also includes the spiers, as these are part of the building architecture, but not radio antennas. The number of floors indicates the number of floors that can be used. Alternatively, visit the list of tallest structures in the world , which also includes towers that do not count as buildings.

rank building city Country Height
(structural, in m )
Usable
floors
Construction year
01 Burj Khalifa Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 828 163 2010
02 Shanghai Tower Shanghai China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 632 128 2015
03 Makkah Royal Clock Tower Mecca Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 601 120 2012
04th Ping An Finance Center Shenzhen China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 599 115 2017
05 Goldin Finance 117 Tianjin China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 597 128 2021
06th Lotte World Tower Seoul Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 555 123 2017
07th One World Trade Center New York City United StatesUnited States United States 541 094 2014
08th Guangzhou CTF Finance Center Guangzhou China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 530 111 2016
08th Tianjin CTF Finance Center Tianjin China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 530 097 2020
010 China Zun Tower Beijing China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 528 109 2019
011 Taipei 101 Taipei TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 508 101 2004
12 Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 492 101 2008
13 International Commerce Center Hong Kong China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 484 108 2010
14th Central Park Tower New York City United StatesUnited States United States 472 98 2020
15th Lakhta Center St. Petersburg RussiaRussia Russia 462 087 2019
16 Vincom Landmark 81 Ho Chi Minh City VietnamVietnam Vietnam 461 081 2018
17th Changsha IFS Tower T1 Changsha China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 452 094 2018
18th Petronas Towers Kuala Lumpur MalaysiaMalaysia Malaysia 452 088 1998
Petronas Towers Kuala Lumpur MalaysiaMalaysia Malaysia 452 088 1998
20th Suzhou IFS Suzhou China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 450 095 2019
Zifeng Tower Nanjing China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 450 066 2010
22nd The Exchange 106 Kuala Lumpur MalaysiaMalaysia Malaysia 445 095 2019
23 Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower) Chicago United StatesUnited States United States 442 108 1974
KK100 Shenzhen China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 442 100 2011
25th Guangzhou International Finance Center Guangzhou China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 439 103 2010
26th Wuhan Center Tower Wuhan China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 438 088 2019
27 111 West 57th Street New York City United StatesUnited States United States 435 084 2020
28 One Vanderbilt New York City United StatesUnited States United States 427 058 2021
Dongguan International Trade Center 1 Dongguan China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 427 088 2020
30th 432 Park Avenue New York City United StatesUnited States United States 426 085 2015
31 Marina 101 Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 425 101 2017
32 Trump International Hotel & Tower Chicago United StatesUnited States United States 423 098 2009
33 Jin Mao Tower Shanghai China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 421 088 1999
33 Princess Tower Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 413 101 2012
Al Hamra Tower Kuwait City KuwaitKuwait Kuwait 413 080 2011
35 Two International Finance Center Hong Kong China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 412 088 2003
LCT Landmark Tower Busan Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 412 0101 2019
38 Nanning China Resources Tower Nanning China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 403 085 2020
39 Guiyang International Financial Center T1 Guiyang China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 401 079 2020
40 China Resources Headquarters Shenzhen China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 393 068 2018
41 23 marina Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 392 088 2012
42 CITIC Plaza Guangzhou China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 390 080 1996
43 Shum Yip Upperhills Tower 1 Shenzhen China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 388 080 2020
44 30 Hudson Yards New York City United StatesUnited States United States 387 073 2019
45 Capital Market Authority Tower Riad Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 385 072 2020
46 Shun Hing Square Shenzhen China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 384 069 1996
47 Eton Place Dalian Tower 1 Dalian China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 383 080 2016
48 Nanning Logan Century 1 Nanning China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 381 082 2018
Empire State Building New York City United StatesUnited States United States 381 102 1931
Burj Mohammed Bin Rashid Abu Dhabi United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 381 088 2014
Elite Residence Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 381 087 2012
52 Shenzhen Center Shenzhen China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 376 080 2020
53 Central Plaza Hong Kong China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 374 078 1992
Federation Tower Moscow RussiaRussia Russia 374 093 2016
55 Dalian International Trade Center Dalian China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 370 086 2019
The Address Boulevard Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 370 073 2017
57 Haitian Center Tower 2 Qingdao China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 369 072 2020
58 Golden Eagle Tiandi Tower A Nanjing China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 368 076 2019
59 Bank of China Tower Hong Kong China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 367 072 1990
60 Bank of America Tower New York City United StatesUnited States United States 366 055 2009
61 Vista Tower Chicago United StatesUnited States United States 363 0101 2020
62 Almas Tower Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 360 068 2008
63 Hanking Center Tower Shenzhen China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 359 065 2018
64 Gevora Hotel Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 356 075 2017
65 JW Marriott Marquis Hotel Dubai Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 355 082 2012
JW Marriott Marquis Hotel Dubai Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 355 082 2013
Emirates Tower One Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 355 054 2000
Raffles City Chongqing Chongqing China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 355 079 2019
Raffles City Chongqing Chongqing China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 355 079 2019
70 OKO - Residential Tower Moscow RussiaRussia Russia 354 090 2015
71 The Torch Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 352 086 2011
72 Forum 66 Tower 1 Shenyang China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 351 068 2015
73 The Pinnacle Guangzhou China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 350 060 2012
Xi An Glory International Financial Center Xi'an China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 350 075 2019

Of the 74 buildings with a minimum height of 350 meters (as of April 2020), 36 are in China, 14 in the United Arab Emirates, eleven in the United States, three each in Malaysia and Russia, two each in Saudi Arabia and South Korea as well one each in Kuwait, Vietnam and Taiwan.

Alternative measurement methods

Absolute height

The absolute height is measured up to the highest point of a building (including antennas). This list contains all buildings that, measured in this way, reach at least 400 meters.

+ : Displays buildings with a higher absolute than architectural height.
rank building city Country Height
(absolute)
in m
Usable floors Construction year
01 Burj Khalifa + Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 830 163 2010
02 Shanghai Tower Shanghai China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 632 128 2015
03 Makkah Royal Clock Tower Mecca Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 601 120 2012
04th Ping An Finance Center Shenzhen China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 599 115 2016
05 Lotte World Tower + Seoul Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 556 123 2017
06th One World Trade Center + New York City United StatesUnited States United States 546 094 2014
07th Guangzhou CTF Finance Center Guangzhou China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 530 111 2016
Tianjin CTF Finance Center Tianjin China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 530 097 2020
09 China Zun Tower Beijing China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 528 108 2018
10 Willis Tower + (formerly Sears Tower) Chicago United StatesUnited States United States 527 108 1974
11 Taipei 101 Taipei TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 508 101 2004
12 Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 494 101 2008
13 International Commerce Center Hong Kong China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 484 108 2010
14th Central Park Tower New York City United StatesUnited States United States 472 98 2020
15th Vincom Landmark 81 + Ho Chi Minh City VietnamVietnam Vietnam 470 081 2020
16 Lakhta Center St. Petersburg RussiaRussia Russia 462 086 2018
17th 875 North Michigan Avenue +
(formerly John Hancock Center)
Chicago United StatesUnited States United States 457 100 1969
18th Changsha IFS Tower T1 Changsha China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 452 094 2018
19th Petronas Twin Tower 1 Kuala Lumpur MalaysiaMalaysia Malaysia 452 088 1998
Petronas Twin Tower 2 Kuala Lumpur MalaysiaMalaysia Malaysia 452 088 1998
21st Suzhou IFS Suzhou China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 450 098 2018
Zifeng Tower Nanjing China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 450 066 2010
23 The Exchange 106 Kuala Lumpur MalaysiaMalaysia Malaysia 445 095 2019
24 Empire State Building + New York City United StatesUnited States United States 443 102 1931
25th KK100 Shenzhen China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 442 100 2011
26th Guangzhou International Finance Center Guangzhou China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 439 103 2010
27 Wuhan Center Tower Wuhan China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 438 088 2018
28 111 West 57th Street New York City United StatesUnited States United States 435 084 2020
29 One Vanderbilt New York City United StatesUnited States United States 427 058 2021
Dongguan International Trade Center 1 Dongguan China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 427 088 2020
31 432 Park Avenue New York City United StatesUnited States United States 426 085 2015
32 Marina 101 Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 425 101 2015
33 Trump International Hotel & Tower Chicago United StatesUnited States United States 423 098 2009
34 Jin Mao Tower Shanghai China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 421 088 1998
35 Princess Tower + Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 414 101 2012
36 Al Hamra Tower Kuwait City KuwaitKuwait Kuwait 413 080 2011
37 Two International Finance Center Hong Kong China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 412 088 2003
LCT Landmark Tower Busan Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 412 0101 2019
39 Nanning China Resources Tower Nanning China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 403 085 2020
40 Guiyang International Financial Center T1 Guiyang China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 401 079 2020

Highest usable floor

This measuring method measures from the lowest main entrance for pedestrians to the highest usable floor. This list includes all buildings that have usable floors at a height of at least 400 meters.

rank building city Country Height
in m
Usable floors Construction year
01 Burj Khalifa Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 585 163 2010
02 Shanghai Tower Shanghai China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 583 128 2015
03 Ping An Finance Center Shenzhen China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 562 115 2016
04th China Zun Tower Beijing China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 514 108 2018
05 Lotte World Tower Seoul Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 498 123 2017
06th Guangzhou CTF Finance Center Guangzhou China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 496 111 2016
07th Makkah Royal Clock Tower Mecca Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 494 120 2012
08th Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 474 101 2008
09 International Commerce Center Hong Kong China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 469 108 2010
10 Central Park Tower New York City United StatesUnited States United States 442 98 2020
11 Tianjin CTF Finance Center Tianjin China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 439 097 2020
12 Taipei 101 Taipei TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan 438 101 2004
13 Changsha IFS Tower T1 Changsha China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 437 094 2018
14th KK100 Shenzhen China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 427 100 2011
15th Guangzhou International Finance Center Guangzhou China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 415 103 2010
16 Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower) Chicago United StatesUnited States United States 413 108 1974
17th Suzhou IFS Suzhou China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 406 098 2018

Tallest skyscraper by world region

The following list shows the tallest buildings in the respective regions of the world with their official height and the number of usable floors (as of the end of 2019):

region building Height
in m
Floors Construction year city Country
Africa The Leonardo 228 056 2019 Sand tone South AfricaSouth Africa South Africa
Asia Burj Khalifa 828 163 2010 Dubai

United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE

Europe Lakhta Center 462 086 2019 St. Petersburg RussiaRussia Russia
North America One World Trade Center 541 094 2014 New York City United StatesUnited States United States
South America Gran Torre Santiago 300 062 2014 Santiago de Chile ChileChile Chile
Oceania Q1 tower 323 078 2005 Gold coast AustraliaAustralia Australia

Tallest skyscraper under construction

This list includes all buildings under construction that will be added to the list of tallest buildings in the world when they reach their final height. (As of end of 2020) Note: All buildings are sorted according to their official height . This includes spiers, as these are part of the building architecture, but not radio antennas. The number of floors indicates the number of floors that can be used.

building city Country Height
in m
Floors Expected
completion
PNB 118 Kuala Lumpur MalaysiaMalaysia Malaysia 0644 118 2021
Suzhou Zhongnan Center Suzhou China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 499 103 -
Greenland Jinmao International Finance Center Nanjing China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 498 104 2023
Greenland Center Xian China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 498 101 2024
Wuhan Greenland Center Wuhan China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 476 97 2021
Chengdu Greenland Tower Cheng you China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 468 101 2022
Corporate Avenue 1 Chongqing China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 458 99 2022
Riverview Plaza A1 Wuhan China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 436 76 2021
Diamond Tower Jeddah Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 0432 101 2023
Chongqing Tall Tower Chongqing China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 431 101 2023
Shandong IFC Jinan China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 428 86 2022
Nanjing Financial City Tower 1 Nanjing China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 411 87 -
Ningbo Center Ningbo China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 409 80 2022
Dongfeng Plaza Landmark Tower Kunming China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 407 100 2023
Abu Dhabi Plaza Nur-Sultan KazakhstanKazakhstan Kazakhstan 0382 088 2020
Guiyang World Trade Center Landmark Tower Guiyang China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 0380 - 2021
Coronation Square Tower 1 Johor Bahru MalaysiaMalaysia Malaysia 0370 078 2021
Fairmont Kuala Lumpur Tower 1 Kuala Lumpur MalaysiaMalaysia Malaysia 0370 078 2021
Xujiahui Center Tower 1 Shanghai China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 0370 070 2022
Guiyang Financial Center Tower 2 Guiyang China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 0367 072 2021
Ciel Tower Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 0365 077 2023
Three Sixty West Tower B. Mumbai IndiaIndia India 0361 090 -
Greenland Group Suzhou Center Suzhou China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 0358 077 2020
II Primo Tower 1 Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 0356 088 2021
Agricultural Development Center Tower 1 Harbin China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 0350 - -

Skyscraper with construction freeze

This list includes all skyscrapers with a construction freeze with a planned height of 350 meters or more (as of the end of 2019).

Note: All buildings are ordered according to their official height . This includes spiers, as these are part of the building architecture, but not radio antennas. The number of floors indicates the number of floors that can be used

building city Country Height
in m
Floors expected
completion
Jeddah Tower Jeddah Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 1000 167 2021
Grand Rama 9 Tower Bangkok ThailandThailand Thailand 615 125 2026
Entisar Tower Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 570 122 2022
Evergrande International Financial Center Hefei China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 518 112 2021
Dalian Greenland Center Dalian China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 518 088 2019
Pentominium Tower Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 516 122 2023
Qatar National Bank Tower Doha QatarQatar Qatar 510 101 2026
Global Financial Center Shenyang China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 0500 -
Al Quds Endowment Tower Doha QatarQatar Qatar 495 100 -
R&F Guangdong Building Tianjin China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 468 091 2023
Marina 106 Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 445 104 -
World One Mumbai IndiaIndia India 442 117 2021
Dubai Towers Doha Doha QatarQatar Qatar 437 091 -
Akhmat Tower Grozny RussiaRussia Russia 0435 102 -
Haikou Tower 1 Haikou China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 428 94 -
Nanjing Olympic Suning Tower Nanjing China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 0400 088 -
La Maison by HDS Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 0387 105 -
Forum 66 Tower 2 Shenyang China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 384 076 -
Busan Lotte Town Tower Busan Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 380 2023
The Square Capital Tower Kuwait City KuwaitKuwait Kuwait 376 070 -
Arabtec Tower Dubai United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UAE 369 077 -
VietinBank Business Center Tower 1 Hanoi VietnamVietnam Vietnam 0363 068 -
Sino Steel International Plaza T2 Tianjin China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 0358 083 -
Icon Tower 1 Jakarta IndonesiaIndonesia Indonesia 0350 076 -

See also: Other lists

According to function

(Selection)

By city / region / continent

(Selection)

Web links

Commons : Skyscraper  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
  • SkyscraperCity - Projects and photos of the tallest buildings in the world
  • SkyscraperCenter - Top 100 tallest buildings in the world according to CTBUH

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  2. CTBUH: CTBUH Criteria for Defining and Measuring Tall Buildings. Retrieved April 18, 2018 (UK English).
  3. ^ Burj Khalifa - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  4. Lotte World Tower - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  5. ^ One World Trade Center - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  6. ^ Willis Tower - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  7. Vincom Landmark 81 - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 19, 2020 .
  8. 875 North Michigan Avenue - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  9. ^ Empire State Building - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  10. ^ Princess Tower - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  11. ^ Shanghai Tower - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  12. ^ Ping An Finance Center - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  13. China Zun Tower - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  14. ^ Guangzhou CTF Finance Center - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  15. ^ Makkah Royal Clock Tower - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  16. ^ Shanghai World Financial Center - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  17. ^ International Commerce Center - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  18. ^ Tianjin CTF Finance Center - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  19. ^ TAIPEI 101 - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  20. Changsha IFS Tower T1 - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  21. KK100 - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  22. ^ Guangzhou International Finance Center - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  23. ^ Suzhou IFS - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  24. ^ The Leonardo - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved November 2, 2019 .
  25. lakhta center - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  26. Torre Costanera - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  27. ^ Q1 Tower - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .
  28. ^ The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved December 25, 2019 .
  29. ^ The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved April 18, 2018 .