One World Trade Center

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One World Trade Center
One World Trade Center
Basic data
Place: New York City , United StatesUnited StatesUnited States 
Construction time : 2006-2014
Opening: 3rd November 2014
Status : Built
Architect : David Childs ( Skidmore, Owings and Merrill )
Use / legal
Usage : Offices, restaurants, viewing platforms, telecommunications
Owner : Port Authority of New York and New Jersey , Durst Organization
Technical specifications
Height : 541.3 m
Height to the top: 541.3 m
Height to the roof: 417 m
Top floor: 406.6 m
Depth: 61 m
Rank (height) : 1st place (New York)
1st place (USA)
6th place (world)
Floors : Total: 104
CTBUH criteria: 94
Elevators : 73
Usable area : 325,279 m²
Floor area : 2300-3000 m²
Building material : Structure: steel , reinforced concrete ;
Facade: glass , aluminum
Building-costs: 3.8 billion USD
View of One World Trade Center from the Hudson River.

The One World Trade Center [ wʌn wɝld ˈtɹeɪ̯d ˌsɛn (t) ɚ ], abbreviated 1 WTC (until March 2009 Freedom Tower ), is a skyscraper in New York City and the tallest building in the city . It was from 2004 to 2015 on the as Ground Zero known World Trade Center site next to the site of the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11, 2001 destroyed the World Trade Center built. The 541.3 meter high building has been the tallest in the United States since the topping-out ceremony on May 10, 2013 and is currently the seventh-tallest building in the world . The building was completed in early November 2014 when the first tenants moved into the offices. The observation deck and the restaurant on the top floors were opened at the end of May 2015.

The building, designed by David Childs at Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM), is owned by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and, with a five percent stake, the Durst Organization .

Surname

The official name of the north tower, destroyed in 2001, was One World Trade Center , also WTC 1 . The twin towers of the old World Trade Center were marked 1 and 2; the new One World Trade Center therefore bears the same name as the former north tower. Despite a slightly changed position of the location in Lower Manhattan and a different architectural style, a tradition is deliberately continued. The name is also the address of the building.

The original redevelopment plan called for the new building to be named Freedom Tower . On March 26, 2009, when they signed the first rental agreement with the Chinese company Vantone Industrial, the building was renamed One World Trade Center ( World Trade Center 1), as it could be rented out more easily. The renaming was criticized , among others, by New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg . The critics of the renaming point out that for many people the building is still called Freedom Tower , as this name was already used in the planning phase. For them, One World Trade Center is the name of the first twin tower, which existed from 1972 to 2001, and not the new building.

location

Site plan of the WTC complex with new road sections

The construction site of the One World Trade Center is on the World Trade Center site , often referred to as Ground Zero . The World Trade Center stood there until September 11, 2001 . The (new) World Trade Center Site is located in the southwest of Lower Manhattan , the southernmost part of Manhattan Island . By extending Greenwich Street and Fulton Street , the old area will be divided into four parts. The new One World Trade Center is in the northwest corner of the new facility. West Street and the building complex of the World Financial Center lie between the 6.4 hectare area that was once connected and the Hudson further west .

description

architecture

The lobby during construction; the concrete core can be seen in the building.
Floor plan of the One World Trade Center ( antiprism ), the inner square represents the roof, the outer the 20th floor (above the base)
The building base (April 2012)
One World Trade Center from the Hudson River (July 2013)
The spire of the One World Trade Center at night, illuminated in the American national colors
Lower Manhattan seen from the Hudson River with the One World Trade Center in the evening with the columns of light Tribute in Light
Entrance area of ​​the One World Trade Center
The observation deck of the building

The One World Trade Center was designed by the architect David Childs from the American architecture firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM). The basis was a design by Daniel Libeskind , who won the open architecture competition in 2002. On June 28, 2006, the design by David Childs was presented to the public. It is very similar to the 1999 thesis by Jeehoon Park, who filed a lawsuit over it.

The design by Libeskind has been changed significantly, in particular the tip, which was supposed to remind of the arm of the Statue of Liberty , was completely discarded. The newly planned tip sits in the middle of the roof and tapers slightly towards the top. The design of the building was also redesigned. What remains is the symbolic height of the tower of 1,776  feet (541.32 meters), which refers to the United States' Declaration of Independence in 1776.

The tower has the shape of an elongated square antiprism . The square roof is rotated 45 degrees to the square base, so that eight triangular surfaces are created for the outer walls of the tower (the facade); four of them point downwards and four point upwards. The upper square is so much smaller that it just fits into the lower one when viewed from above. This means that the four pointed triangles are vertical instead of overhanging. The lower square is not the first floor of the tower, but the floor plan of the 20th floor. The floors below form the base of the building.

The tower stands on a massive concrete foundation that extends almost 60 meters into the ground. The walls consist of up to 91 cm thick concrete and a steel corset. The base (the first 60 meters of the building) is completely clad on the outside with glass and stainless steel, as is the facade up to the roof. This special glass is also very solid. The glass of the base should reflect the surroundings. Elevators, stairwells and supply shafts as well as cables are located inside. These are surrounded by very massive protective walls made of concrete, some of which are 91 cm thick. In November 2011 the facade of the building base was redesigned again.

The actual office building is 417 meters high up to the roof. This corresponds to the roof height of the north tower of the old World Trade Center . A kind of ring follows above the roof, to which a few steel cables hold the point rising up in the middle. This ring rises up to a height of 427 meters. The 1 WTC has a total of 104 floors (according to CTBUH criteria 94), which offer an area of ​​around 325,000 square meters. There are 70 office floors. A 124 meter high spire was installed on the roof, bringing the building to a height of 541 meters (1776 feet). The tip has a diameter of five meters at its lower end and tapers slightly towards the top. The stability of the massive mast is to be guaranteed by additional steel cables at the lower end, which are attached to the ring on the roof. At night, the spire is illuminated with a large beam of light across the New York City sky. 73 elevators are installed in the core of the building, 54 of which are for people, who can thus reach the highest floor in 30 seconds.

Security aspects

In June 2005 there were concerns about the security of the building. The building was supposed to be less than eight meters from a street, which would have increased the risk of car bomb attacks. The governor of New York and the mayor of the city then stated that following the warnings from the security authorities, a thorough revision of the construction plans, especially the lower floors, was necessary. However, nothing should be changed in the planned height.

The concept was then revised and expanded to include extensive safety precautions. The architect David Childs stated that he wanted to build a bombproof structure, but not at the expense of the design. Special glass is used for the glass-encased base and special steel is used throughout the skyscraper. This steel is coated with a thick layer of fire protection coating. The inadequate fire protection of the steel components was often criticized in the twin towers, some voices claim that this was mainly responsible for the collapse of the towers on September 11, 2001. The New York Port Authority and Silverstein Properties announced that fire protection in the building is of great importance. The stairwells are very wide so that the building can be left quickly in the event of a disaster. The stairwells are also protected by thick concrete walls. Similar safety aspects were already successfully applied in the construction of the 7th World Trade Center , only one block away from the 1 WTC and also designed by David Childs. The distance to the surrounding streets has also been increased for safety reasons.

Economy and tenants

One World Trade Center from a Staten Island Ferry.

The financial crisis that started in 2007 made finding tenants difficult for a long time. Some of the firms housed in the old World Trade Center moved offices to other buildings or left New York City. In March 2009 a leasing contract was signed with the Chinese group Vantone Industrial . This will set up a so-called China Center on floors 65 to 69 , where Chinese companies will settle and expand on the American markets. The New York Port Authority , which owns the building, is also planning to accommodate some offices in the building. The state of New York also intends to set up some offices in the One World Trade Center (the state contributes almost 10 percent of the construction costs). Nevertheless, the realization or completion of the building was considered safe, as the One World Trade Center is financed in particular from insurance funds from the port authorities and their equity.

On July 8, 2010, the Port Authority announced that the Durst Organization would become a new partner in the project and invest 100 million dollars . This company has already implemented several other projects in New York, such as the New York Times Tower (together with the New York Times ) and the Bank of America Tower (together with Bank of America ). In early August 2010, the media company Condé Nast announced its intention to move its corporate headquarters from Four Times Square to One World Trade Center in 2014 . The company would like to use a total of 21 floors above the 20th floor.

According to a statement published in January 2012, the One World Trade Center will cost US $ 3.8 billion to build, making it the world's most expensive office building to date.

In September 2014, the Port Authority announced that leases had already been signed for 57 percent of the total usable space in One World Trade Center.

use

The One World Trade Center is mainly used as an office building. 70 of the total of 105 floors above ground are intended as office space with a usable area of ​​around 325,000 square meters. Some floors of the base are designed as technical floors to supply the entire building, as are the top floors, which also house the transmission systems of the local radio and television stations. The mast on the roof also serves as an antenna for television and radio frequencies. According to the manufacturer Rohde & Schwarz , this is currently (as of 2018) the most powerful digital TV transmitter in the world.

On the upper floors (from floor 100 to floor 104) at a height of 406 meters (highest level) there are observation decks; these offer panoramic views over New York and beyond. A public restaurant has been built on the 102nd floor, 390 meters above the ground. On the lower floors there is access to the subway station of the World Trade Center (Transportation Hub) as well as a passage to the building complex of the World Financial Center opposite . The World Trade Center subway station reopened underground in 2003; an above-ground, light-flooded passage, which also houses some shops, was completed in 2016.

height

Graphical size comparison of New York's tallest buildings by absolute height from left to right: One World Trade Center, Empire State Building , 432 Park Avenue , Bank of America Tower , Four Times Square , Chrysler Building and the New York Times Tower

During the early planning phase it was discussed whether the 1 WTC could possibly become the tallest building in the world, but this was never actively pursued. Meanwhile, the Burj Khalifa in Dubai has won this title with 828 meters. Nevertheless, the One World Trade Center is the tallest building in New York and in North America since it reached its final height of 541 meters . It is 1,776 feet high, a reference to the year the United States declared independence . The One World Trade Center surpasses the 381 meter high Empire State Building as the tallest structure in New York and the 442 meter high Willis Tower in Chicago as the tallest skyscraper in the United States and the Western World. Currently (as of 2017) the One World Trade Center is the sixth tallest building in the world.

In terms of the architectural height of the building, the One World Trade Center exceeds the twin towers of the World Trade Center by over 120 meters. These were 417 meters and 415 meters high. However, the roof heights of the One World Trade Center and the former north tower are (deliberately) exactly the same. The antenna of the former north tower is not officially counted towards the building height as it was not part of the architecture and was only installed several years after the twin tower was completed. However, the tip on the One World Trade Center is now (as with many other buildings worldwide) as part of the architecture, as it was included in the construction plans.

The Taipei 101 in Taipei (508 meters) by 2010 was officially the highest used only for office use building in the world . With the opening of the One World Trade Center, Taipei 101 became the second tallest office building.

History and planning

Model of Daniel Libeskind's first, later discarded design
On December 19, 2006, the first steel girder with the inscription of the former name Freedom Tower was installed.
Construction status on October 7, 2007 (foundation work)

In 2002, the City of New York founded the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation , or LMDC for short. This was responsible for finding a new plan for the reconstruction of the World Trade Center. Shortly after the terrorist attacks, it was decided to build on this area again. How it should look, however, was still unclear.

Polls showed that some Americans wanted Ground Zero as a memorial. Others advocated the construction of new towers. Donald Trump presented his own concept. He wanted to build twin towers again, 30 meters higher than the old ones. However, this was quickly rejected.

In 2002, the LMDC launched an architecture competition for the redevelopment of the WTC area. A total of 406 contributions were received. Some of the drafts were criticized in German newspapers for the fact that the new building plans only provided for smaller high-rise buildings that were not nearly as high as the Twin Towers and therefore not spectacular enough. In 2003 Daniel Libeskind was finally announced as the winner. He had also implemented several construction projects in Germany.

Libeskind, who immigrated to the USA from Poland, had little experience in building high-rise buildings, but his design was met with great approval as he tried to fulfill both wishes for Ground Zero: a memorial and new towers. His concept envisaged leaving the places where the World Trade Center towers were standing and building a memorial with a museum next to them. Around the outside he placed five office towers, each slightly higher than its respective neighbor. In the northeast corner he placed the One World Trade Center, the Freedom Tower. He was also able to score with the concept of the height of the new tower: 1776 feet (541 meters). This refers to the year of the United States' Declaration of Independence.

Soon after, the World Trade Center tenant Larry Silverstein spoke up . With his leasing contract for the entire WTC, signed in July 2001, he had also acquired the right to rebuild. Above all, Silverstein criticized the fact that the design called “Freedom Tower” (today 1 WTC) only had 70 floors and therefore offered too little usable space. Then he brought SOM's architect David Childs to the rebuilding team. Childs and Silverstein had already discussed the rehabilitation of the World Trade Center complex before the terrorist attacks. Larry Silverstein insisted that Childs help develop newer and more economical plans for the Freedom Tower. Silverstein further argued that Childs also had more experience building high-rise buildings.

It was initially decided that Libeskind should work out the rough plans, while Childs would be entrusted with the subtleties. Due to major differences of opinion, the plan to let the two architects work together failed. Therefore, in 2005 investor Silverstein exercised his right to declare Childs sole architect. In addition to the Freedom Tower, Silverstein also planned to build more towers on the eastern edge of Ground Zero. Another three towers were planned. Silverstein assigned the planning to Norman Foster ( tower 2 ), Richard Rogers ( tower 3 ) and Fumihiko Maki ( tower 4 ). Libeskind's role was limited to that of a consultant in the context of the overall planning. Due to new safety concerns, Childs changed the design more and more, so that in the end only the height of 1776 feet (541 meters) remained. This was also the reason why the construction was delayed.

At the end of 2006, shortly after construction began, the New York Port Authority took over 1 WTC, while Silverstein kept the other towers. The port authority is the owner of Ground Zero . She also had the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center built in the early 1970s .

Construction work

Foundation work

One World Trade Center above street level, February 28, 2009
1 WTC on July 18, 2010 (32 floors)
Construction status at 1 WTC on August 16, 2011
View from below of the building on April 28, 2012
Construction status on February 22, 2013
Work on the spire (May 2013)
One World Trade Center on July 5, 2013 from West Street

The laying of the foundation stone at Ground Zero took place on the American National Day, July 4th, 2004. The foundation stone weighs 20 tons and is made of gray-black granite. An inscription commemorates the 2,749 victims of the September 11, 2001 attacks. However, due to a new safety plan that called for the building to be erected eight meters further to the east, the foundation stone had to be dug up and relocated a little later, which delayed construction progress. The first work on the foundation began on April 27, 2006, the official start of construction of the building. For the foundation of the 1 WTC, 306 cubic meters of concrete were built on November 18, 2006 alone, which were hit by almost 40 concrete trucks. Among other things, the foundation consists of a total of around 6100 cubic meters of concrete.

The first steel elements were installed on January 9, 2007, and a little later, on February 1, 2007, work began on the core of the building. The first construction crane was partially erected on April 10 and fully erected on April 14, with the second large construction crane installed on the tower on May 9, 2007. Each of the two construction cranes that were used to build the One World Trade Center had a 90-meter boom. These cranes are specially designed for erecting tall structures; With the help of special hydraulics , for example, they can push themselves up as the height of the tower increases, so practically climb up the building as the height increases.

From the beginning of 2008, work focused on the foundation and underground of the tower. This work was comparatively time-consuming at the 1 WTC and in New York City, as there is hard bedrock just below the surface of the ground. While this is advantageous on the one hand, because the foundations of high structures can be well established, on the other hand it is very difficult to penetrate the hard stone and often means that the foundation work takes longer than in cities with softer soils. Nevertheless, this type of building site is more economical than a sandy subsoil, as is the case, for example, in Chicago or the desert city of Dubai . In contrast to Manhattan, special foundation measures are required here to erect structures of this size.

On March 13, 2008, the building was only three meters below street level. In August, the steel of the outer facade towered eight meters and the foundation work was essentially complete. In October and November of that year, intensive work was carried out on the core of the building, especially its concreting. The southern part of the building core reached street level in October, while the floor areas were still one floor below street level.

On January 3, 2009, the southern construction crane was lifted about 20 meters upwards, as the southern part of the building core on which the crane was resting became too high for the crane to remain at its original height for longer. From the end of January, the first steel girders were assembled on this part of the core of the One World Trade Center, after which the southern crane was lifted up again using hydraulics on April 20. These steel girders were later completely enclosed by the solid concrete of the building core as the height increased. In May, the Silverstein Properties project page stated that the steel structure in the core of the building had reached a height of 42 meters.

At the beginning of July 2009, more concrete was delivered by 142 trucks and pumped into the core of the building. The “Fulton Street Deck” area surrounding the building was also poured out of concrete. On August 13, 2009, work began on installing several steel parts, each weighing 70 tons, on the outer facade. These steel posts with a diameter of about 2 meters are each over 20 meters high. It was the first steel elements of the outer facade that were erected above street level. Two special mobile cranes were used especially for this purpose. On October 31st, the last of the 24 steel pillars was installed on the ground floor.

Building the building structure

In October 2009, work began on the above-ground floors, as planned in the 2008 schedule of the New York Port Authority. The shell of the first floor above the ground was completed at the beginning of November. Since the lobby of the building is comparatively very high, the floor is around 20 meters high. On December 23, 2009, one of the two cranes lifted a large container on the construction site, which housed a fast food restaurant for the construction workers. It was initially housed on the fifth floor, with additional catering facilities for the more than 1000 workers, with increasing height also being set up on higher floors.

On February 3, 2010, the New York Port Authority announced on its website that the One World Trade Center had reached the 20th floor and the shell had been completed. At that time, the height of the building was over 60 meters. Then the construction of the actual office floors began, starting from the 21st floor. In March 2010 it was announced that more steel had already been used on the 21st floor than was necessary for the construction of the entire Eiffel Tower . On May 18, so-called cocoons, a kind of net on the facade, were installed to increase safety on the construction site. It was the first time a cocoon had been installed on a steel superstructure in New York City.

On August 27, 2010, after the shell had grown to more than 30 floors, another crane was installed on the northwest corner of the facade, which was mainly used to lift material for the construction of the concrete core (mainly reinforcing steel , the Concrete is pumped up with high-performance pumps). On September 11, 2010, the ninth anniversary of the terrorist attacks, the port authorities announced that the One World Trade Center was already 38 stories high and that more than 6,000 tons of steel had been used on the construction site, as well as an amount of concrete that would allow a 160 Kilometers of pavement to build. On November 15, 2010, the first pane of glass was installed at the level of the 21st floor, while the building was erected up to the 48th floor. At the turn of the year 2010/2011 the building had reached the 54th floor.

When the construction site of the One World Trade Center reached the height of the 64th floor in early April 2011, it overtook the neighboring 228 meter high 7 World Trade Center as well as the other high-rise buildings (such as the World Financial Center , the Goldman Sachs New World Headquarters or One Liberty Plaza ) in its immediate neighborhood. Meanwhile, the installation of the panes of glass had progressed beyond the 30th floor. At the end of July 2011, One World Trade Center had exceeded 290 meters (78 stories ), overtaking the tallest structure in Lower Manhattan to date, 290-meter-high 70 Pine Street (the fifth tallest building in New York City). Due to some storms, the construction work had to be temporarily interrupted in late summer and autumn, which meant that the entire construction progress was subject to slight delays. Due to an extension of Hurricane Irene , which reached New York at the end of August, even the two large construction cranes on the skyscraper (as well as on surrounding construction sites throughout New York) were partially dismantled for safety reasons. However, despite the slight delays, the port authority said that the opening date would not be postponed.

At the beginning of 2012, the shell of the One World Trade Center had reached the 90th floor. Meanwhile, the installation of the glass facade had progressed to the 64th floor. The One World Trade Center reached on February 24, 2012 with the 92nd floor a height of 368 meters, whereby it overtook the 366 meter high Bank of America Tower in Midtown Manhattan ; it has since been the second tallest structure in New York City after the Empire State Building , which measures 443 meters to the top of the mast (structural height 381 meters). On March 31, 2012, the 100-story mark was broken on the construction site, which corresponds to a height of around 378 meters. On May 1, the One World Trade Center overtook the 381-meter roof height of the Empire State Building. The height mark of 400 meters was reached on May 30th with the 103rd floor. On the morning of June 2, 2012, a fire broke out on the 89th floor of the building, but the fire department was able to put it out after two hours. There was no major damage to property or injuries. On June 14, 2012, the construction site of the One World Trade Center was visited by US President Barack Obama, who, together with Mayor Michael Bloomberg and New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, signed a steel girder that was later installed on the roof edge. On August 3, 2012, with the installation of some steel beams, the building reached the roof height of 417 meters, while the work on the glass facade had progressed to the 80th floor. At the end of November 2012, another one with an even longer jib was erected on the roof of the construction site in addition to the two existing cranes, which is used to erect the mast. The actual construction of the tip began in the second week of December, when the first parts were already shipped across the Hudson River and delivered to the construction site.

Topping-out ceremony, facade and interior work

Assembly of the tip began in January 2013. After the first parts had already been delivered in December, the first part was lifted onto the roof in mid-January and mounted on its base. In February 2013, the One World Trade Center became the tallest structure in New York City with the installation of another part on the mast, by towering over the antenna top of the Empire State Building. The mast was made in Canada and consists of seamless steel tubes from France and Germany.

On February 5, 2013, the first piece of the glass facade cladding was attached to the base of the building, which - in contrast to the floors above - had not yet been clad. At the end of April 2013, the assembly of the top was so advanced that the building broke the 500 meter mark. As part of a ceremony on May 10, 2013, the last 20-meter-long component of the 725-tonne and 124-meter-long tip was installed, reaching a height of 541.3 meters. The installation of the glass panes was almost complete, although the interior work continued beyond the date of the topping-out ceremony.

The remaining construction crane on the roof of the building was dismantled at the beginning of September 2013 with the help of a mobile crane.

Construction completion

After the builders had not given an exact opening date by the beginning of October 2014, it was announced on October 6, 2014 that the skyscraper was to open on October 27, 2014. This was later moved to November 3rd. The construction work was formally completed on November 3, 2014, and the first tenants moved into the One World Trade Center. On May 26, 2015, schoolchildren from New York City were given access to the visitor facilities, the restaurant and the observation decks for the first time. The day after, these areas were accessible to workers who were involved in the construction of the One World Trade Center. On May 28th, 3,000 visitors were allowed to enter these areas for four hours, who had to purchase a special ticket in advance.

All areas have been open to the public since May 29, 2015.

The construction costs are estimated at around 3.8 billion US dollars. Originally, the building was slated to cost just $ 1 billion and be ready between 2010 and 2011. In a report on the reconstruction of the World Trade Center dated October 2, 2008, the New York Port Authority (one of the builders) announced new data.

Involved

Daniel Libeskind

The upper part of the building at dusk

Daniel Libeskind is known as the “master planner” of the World Trade Center complex. He had won the architecture competition announced in 2002. The original design of the (formerly so-called) Freedom Tower comes from him. With his plan to build a memorial inside the site, he was able to convince many people. He placed several office towers around this memorial, including the 541-meter-high One World Trade Center.

However, his plan was particularly criticized by the landlord, Larry Silverstein. In his opinion, this building, which was originally supposed to have only 69 floors, offered too little usable space. This led to a dispute between the City of New York, the New York Port Authority , which owns the site (and who built the Twin Towers), and Larry Silverstein. The plans of the architect Libeskind were changed again and again, which delayed the start of construction. In the course of the dispute, Libeskind's role was restricted to that of a consultant in overall planning.

Larry Silverstein

Larry Silverstein (2014)

Larry Silverstein is the tenant of the WTC site and chairman of the real estate company Silverstein Properties . In July 2001 he leased the World Trade Center . In doing so, he signed a 99-year leasing contract. The old 7 World Trade Center belonged to him before. The builder of the new 7 World Trade Center, which was completed in 2006, is also Silverstein. The 1 WTC took over most of the New York Port Authority in 2006 , but Silverstein still has shares in it. The construction of the other three buildings ( World Trade Center No. 2 , World Trade Center No. 3 and World Trade Center No. 4 ) is largely the responsibility of Silverstein Properties (although the port authority also provides financial resources). Larry Silverstein was awarded several billion dollars in insurance funds after September 11, 2001 for insuring the WTC complex against terrorist attacks. He then sued his insurance company for demanding double the amount of the insurance money on the grounds that there were two attacks on September 11, as both World Trade Center towers were attacked and destroyed. He won the trial.

David Childs

David Childs is the new architect of the One World Trade Center. Childs belongs to the architecture firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM for short), a very well-known and well-known office, which has already realized numerous skyscraper projects (examples are the Willis Tower (Chicago), the Burj Khalifa (Dubai) or the Jin Mao Tower (Shanghai)). Childs is one of Larry Silverstein's "favorite architects"; Before September 11, 2001, Silverstein had already discussed a restoration of the WTC complex with him. Therefore, after the announcement that Daniel Libeskind had won the architecture competition, Larry Silverstein wanted to include David Childs in the planning team. At first they tried to let Childs work together in a team with Libeskind. This failed, however, whereupon David Childs was declared the sole architect of the 1 WTC. He changed the shape of the building significantly, after all, only the height remained from the original design. David Childs is also the architect of the newly built 7 World Trade Center .

Dan Tishman

Dan Tishman is the managing director of Tishman Construction Corporation . This is a well known construction company operating across the United States. A number of high-rise buildings have already been built by Tishman Construction (for example the Bank of America Tower in New York City). The Twin Towers were also built by Tishman, when his father John Tishman ran the company. Dan Tishman and his company are also responsible for building the other WTC towers. The old and the new 7 World Trade Center were also built by Tishman Construction.

Data

Collection of facts

Work on the base of the One World Trade Center building in December 2009
View from below of the upper part of the building under construction shortly before reaching the roof height, July 2012
View from below of the building from the 9/11 Memorial
  • Groundbreaking : April 27, 2006
  • Topping-out ceremony : completion of the assembly of the tip on May 10, 2013
  • Completion: November 2014
  • Opening: November 3, 2014
  • Opening of the viewing platform and restaurant: May 29, 2015
  • Height: 541.3 meters
  • Point: 541.3 meters
  • Roof: 417 meters
  • top floor: 406.6 meters
  • Above-ground floors: total of 104 (according to CTBUH criteria 94)
  • underground floors: 5
  • Elevators: 73 (including 54 passenger elevators)
  • total usable area: 325,279 square meters
  • Restaurant: 102nd floor (over 390 meters high)
  • Viewing platforms: from floor 100 (between 386 meters and 406 meters)
  • Steel use: over 50,000 tons
  • Width × length (horizontal depth) of the ground floor: 61 meters × 61 meters
  • Height of the tower base: 60 meters
  • Foundation depth: 60 meters
  • Subway Access: Underground access to World Trade Center Station

Floor usage

The following use of the floors is indicated on skyscraperpage.com :

Floors use
top, roof Assembly of a 124 meter high spire
103-105 Viewing floors, telecommunications and technology floors
102 restaurant
100-101 Observation decks
95-99 Technical bullets
65-94 offices
64 Sky lobby
21-63 offices
1-20 Protective coat against ground attacks such as B. Truck bombs etc.
0 Ground floor with lobby
B1-B5 Subway access, shopping arcade (underground)

Special promotions

In March 2014, a base jumper published a video made in September 2013 in which his jump from the roof of the One World Trade Center was filmed at night. After base jumping , he landed on West Street in Manhattan.

In November 2015, the artist Donald Martiny was invited to write two works for the One World Trade Center. Since his work was very large and could not be made in his studio, Martiny worked in front of an audience during the opening hours of the center. His works are named Lenape (named after an Indian tribe that used to populate large parts of what is now New York and New Jersey ) and Unami (named after the now extinct language of the Lenapes).

In the last final scenes of the 2004 feature film Land of Plenty by German director Wim Wenders , the construction site of the One World Trade Center , which is still in its early stages, can be seen.

See also

literature

  • Heike Hoffmann: Post World Trade Center Planning - The Fight for New York City's Ground Zero. Universitäts-Verlag der Technische Universität, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-7983-2070-3 .
  • Andres Lepik: Skyscraper. Prestel, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-7913-3454-9 .

Web links

Commons : One World Trade Center  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. a b blueprint , Skyscraperpage forum
  2. ^ A b One World Trade Center , Skyscraperpage.com
  3. a b c d One World Trade Center , ctbuh.org
  4. a b c Port Authority Office Space
  5. a b New WTC will be the most expensive office tower of all time , Welt.de from January 31, 2012.
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Coordinates: 40 ° 42 ′ 46.8 "  N , 74 ° 0 ′ 48.6"  W.