Two World Trade Center
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Two World Trade Center 200 Greenwich Street |
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|---|---|
| Basic data | |
| Place: |
New York City , United States
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| Construction time : | 2010 – probably 2022 |
| Opening: | 2022 |
| Status : | Construction interrupted [currently active] |
| Architectural style : | Deconstructivism |
| Architect : | Bjarke Ingels |
| Use / legal | |
| Usage : | offices |
| Owner : | World Trade Center Properties, LLC |
| Client : | Turner Construction Company |
| Property management : | Silverstein Properties |
| Technical specifications | |
| Height : | 403.3 m |
| Height to the roof: | 403.3 m |
| Floors : | 82 |
| Elevators : | 30th |
| Usable area : | 290,000 m² |
| Building material : | Structure: steel , reinforced concrete ; Facade: glass , aluminum |
| Building-costs: | $ 2.9 billion |
The Two World Trade Center , also known as its address 200 Greenwich Street known is a new skyscraper in New York City , which under the new World Trade Center complex is built. Due to the low demand for additional office space in Manhattan, no official information is currently available for an actual construction period. From 2010 to 2013, construction of the building was pushed to street level including the podium. Since then, the work has been suspended until sufficient tenants have been found for the building. In June 2015, reports were published that assume that it will not be completed until 2020. Meanwhile, the original design has been completely redesigned.
architecture
The Two World Trade Center (German: World Trade Center Building No. 2) is part of the World Trade Center reconstruction program at Ground Zero . The site for the structure is on the east side of Greenwich Street, hence it is also called 200 Greenwich Street (its address).
The original design, presented in 2006, of the skyscraper was created by the well-known British architect Norman Foster , who, among other things, also planned the dome of the Berlin Reichstag building . The roof of the building should consist of four tilted squares of different heights. This would make the building look like there are four separate buildings. This optical effect should be visible throughout the building, so the high-rise would have looked like four towers with different heights from the street. According to the original draft, the Two World Trade Center was to be 411 meters high, making it the second tallest building in the complex and one of the tallest in New York City, as well as higher than the Empire State Building at 381 meters (including the antenna, which, however, is not in height However, it is rated 443 meters) but still lower than the One World Trade Center opposite (541 meters). The roof should be around 387 meters high, which should also be followed by a tapered steel structure in the shape of a triangle, whereby the height of 411 meters is reached. However, these plans have since been completely discarded. In June 2015, the Danish architect Bjarke Ingels presented a new design for the skyscraper, which should now be 403 meters high. After its completion, the Two World Trade Center should now look like a huge staircase with high steps or like oversized glass boxes stacked on top of one another. With this concept, the tower should be given a previously unknown asymmetry. Green areas are to be created on the open spaces created by the slight displacement of the individual building elements.
When completed, the skyscraper will have a total area of 220,000 square meters spread over 82 floors. The lower floors (podium) should provide space for shops and technical facilities. Most of the floors above should be available for offices. The first floor, occupied by offices, should be around 85 meters high. According to the plans, the spacious lobby alone will have a ceiling height of around 20 meters. A restaurant will be built on one of the upper floors; it would be New York's second highest restaurant after the one on the 102nd floor of the One World Trade Center.
Dispute over mortgage lending
All of Ground Zero is owned by the New York Port Authority , but has been leased from Silverstein Properties . Buildings 2, 3 and 4 World Trade Center will also be owned by Silverstein Properties, while the Port Authority is responsible for the construction of the tallest building, One World Trade Center . Due to the ubiquitous economic climate, there is little need for large office space, Silverstein Properties asked the port authorities to help finance towers 2, 3 and 4, or to guarantee a sum of 3.2 billion US dollars . However, the Port Authority refused. It announced that it would give Silverstein only $ 800 million to build a smaller tower, the Four World Trade Center , which construction began in 2008 and was completed in 2013. On May 11, 2009, the port authorities suggested converting the Two World Trade Center and Three World Trade Center buildings into just five-story structures, i.e. only erecting the podium for the towers. It is not possible to completely dispense with both structures, as the overall plan means that there is a complex underground infrastructure on the World Trade Center site. This fact does not allow one of the construction projects to be dispensed with. Larry Silverstein , chairman of Silverstein Properties, however, declined to downsize the two towers in this way. As a result, a dispute broke out over the future of the two buildings. The port authority sees too great a risk to invest in the construction of structures that no tenant has yet been able to provide. Larry Silverstein argued, however, that he had also built the 7th World Trade Center without having a tenant when construction began. The building, which opened in 2006, is now almost fully let. In addition, it is not to be expected that the low level of office requirements will continue for many more years.
On June 11, 2009, a meeting took place between the port authority, Silverstein Properties and New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg , who has since been involved in the matter , to discuss the future of towers 2 and 3. However, a solution was not found as both parties did not want to leave their point of view. However, Michael Bloomberg announced that he would do everything possible to find a sensible solution and see to it that the talks continue. In several New York newspapers, Bloomberg said that a prolonged delay in the World Trade Center reconstruction was unacceptable and would cast a bad image on the city of New York.
In January 2010, an additional period of 45 days was agreed from an arbitration proceeding that had started in the meantime, during which further discussions should take place between Silverstein Properties and the port authority. On March 10, 2010, shortly before the deadline set by the arbitration tribunal, a demonstration broke out by construction workers protesting further delays. They put down work on the One World Trade Center , the World Trade Center Memorial and the fourth tower to appeal to the port authorities and Silverstein to finally agree on a financing concept. The workers chanted slogans such as “Build the WTC now”. Both sides continued to announce that they were ready to talk.
On March 26, 2010 it was announced that an agreement had been reached between the Hafenbörde, the city and Silverstein Properties. A schedule for 200 Greenwich Street has therefore not been set, construction will only begin after the New York real estate industry has fully recovered. However, the building should still be erected up to street level. Since all buildings (towers 2, 3 and 4 as well as the subway station) together form a complex underground infrastructure, all buildings must be built at least up to street level. However, construction of Tower 3 (175 Greenwich Street) is to begin immediately (it began in July 2010 and was effectively interrupted in 2013). Sufficient financial resources are made available by the port authority, the city and the state to allow both the foundation and the podium of the tower (about eight floors above ground) to be built. This would take about two years. During this time, Silverstein Properties is required to rent at least 16 percent of the usable area of the tower. If this goal has not been achieved, work on 175 Greenwich Street should be stopped after the podium has been erected. However, as soon as at least 16 percent are under leasing, the plan is to fully complete the construction work on the building. A rental could not be achieved, so the construction work was interrupted from 2013 to 2016, the completion took place in 2018.
Building site
The construction site was prepared in 2008. Foundation work began in June 2010, as the building has to be erected up to street level. This has to do with the fact that all construction projects at Ground Zero have a complex underground infrastructure. For this reason, all construction projects must be built at least to street level.
On December 20, 2010, the first permanently installed construction crane was erected on the construction site . At the end of January 2011 a second crane was erected on the construction site while the first larger steel girders were being installed. In January 2012, with the exception of a few fine-tuning work, street level at the tower was reached.
Since no tenant was found for the tower until the beginning of 2012 (prospective buyers should only be accommodated in tower 3 anyway), one of the two tower cranes was dismantled in January 2012. At the beginning of April, the second crane was dismantled. According to Silverstein Properties, the work was fully continued in early summer 2013. Previously, in the summer of 2012, some steel girders were erected above street level. In the summer of 2013, work was suspended for an indefinite period until sufficient space in the building was rented.
After several rumors in the past, the new design of the building was presented in WIRED Magazine on June 9, 2015. The previous architect, Norman Foster , was replaced by Danish architect Bjarke Ingels after 20th Century Fox and News Corporation announced that they would move to the lower part of the completely redesigned building.
See also
- List of tallest buildings in New York
- List of tallest buildings in the United States
- List of tallest office buildings in the world
- List of tallest buildings in North and Central America
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Tower 2 , wtc.com
- ^ A b Two World Trade Center , ctbuh.org
- ↑ The Two World Trade Center resembles a glass staircase , Wired.de, June 10, 2015
- ↑ The final building at the World Trade Center will look like a 'vertical village of city blocks,' says architect , Business Insider, June 11, 2015 (English)
- ↑ Ground Zero: bankruptcies, bad luck and economic crisis ( memento of August 14, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), stern.de
- ^ Statement by Silverstein Properties on second WTC Arbitration decision , wtc.com
- ^ Port Authority chief Christopher Ward and developer Larry Silverstein still at odds over Ground Zero , NY Daily News
- ↑ Ground Zero Construction Workers Urge: 'Build It Now' , wnyc.com
- ↑ Deal reched on Developing World Trade Center site , Wall Street Journal
- ^ Two new towers may end the impasse at Ground Zero , NY-Times
- ^ Steel new World Trade Center , Foxnews
Coordinates: 40 ° 42 ′ 43.5 " N , 74 ° 0 ′ 39.7" W.