Haaniella

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Haaniella
Haaniella erringtoniae, pair

Haaniella erringtoniae , pair

Systematics
Order : Ghost horror (Phasmatodea)
Partial order : Areolatae
Superfamily : Bacilloidea
Family : Heteropterygidae
Subfamily : Heteropteryginae
Genre : Haaniella
Scientific name
Haaniella
Kirby , 1904
Eggs of six species of Haaniella
Comparison of the arrangement of the thoracic spines in the males of H. echinata , H. saussurei and H. grayii
Haaniella gintingi 'Sibayak'

Haaniella is a genus of the stick insects - Family Heteropterygidae .

morphology

The species of the genus Haaniella reach a body length of 4.5 to 16.5 cm in the female sex. The males, with a length of 2.5 to 9.8 cm, are always smaller and have a slimmer abdomen than the females, whose abdomen, especially in the middle, is wider and higher than the rest of the body. In females, as in all members of the subfamily Heteropteryginae , the abdomen ends in a pointed laying spine which surrounds the actual ovipositor . In the females, the front wings ( Tegmina ) of the adult animals only just reach the abdomen. They also end at this height in the males of most species. Only the wings of the males of Haaniella aculeata , Haaniella glaber , Haaniella macroptera and Haaniella mecheli are significantly longer and have a similar wing structure to those of the Malay giant ghost insect ( Heteropteryx dilatata ). Their narrow fore wings cover half or almost all of the abdomen. The hind wings below are usually even longer. In the short-winged representatives, the also very short hind wings are completely covered by the forewings and are converted into stridulation organs, which are used for defense stridulation .

Characteristic of the species living on Borneo , i.e. Haaniella dehaanii , Haaniella echinata , Haaniella grayii , Haaniella saussurei and Haaniella scabra, are the vividly colored intermediate membranes in the area of ​​the hind and middle hips, especially in the youth stages . These are usually colored in a species-specific manner. many Haaniella species can be distinguished from one another by the arrangement of their spines (acanthotaxia).

distribution and habitat

The main distribution areas of the species known so far are Sumatra , where nine species are endemic , and Borneo with five endemic species. Other representatives can be found on the Malay Peninsula , Singapore and the island of Simeuluë . The distribution area of Haaniella gorochovi is a specialty of South Vietnam . Most species inhabit tropical rainforests from the lowlands up to a height of 800 m. Haaniella scabra , on the other hand, is a mountain species and is native to cooler altitudes between 1000 and 1800 m. The location of Haaniella gintingi is also relatively high. The species was discovered by Jimmy Gideon Ginting in November 2010 in northern Sumatra near the Sibayak volcano at an altitude of 1400 to 1600 m.

Reproduction and Life Expectancy

The females lay their relatively large eggs several centimeters deep in the ground using the laying stinger. With a length of up to twelve millimeters and a weight of just under 0.3 grams, Haaniella echinata produces the largest known ghost horror eggs. The eggs have a diagonal cross-shaped micropylar plate in the lower angle of which the micropyle is located. In many species the surface of the eggs is rough and bristled. The eggs of the Muelleri species group, on the other hand, are rather smooth and hairless. The nymphs hatch after 6 to 18 months, depending on the species and environmental conditions. It also takes 6 to 18 months to grow into an imago , with some representatives of the Muelleri species group being the species with the shortest development time with six months to hatch and a further six months to imago. Many other Haaniella species not only take longer to develop, but also reach a significantly older age. Oskar V. Conle was able to document an age of more than five years in a female Haaniella scabra caught in the wild .

Systematics

The genus was established in 1904 by William Forsell Kirby in honor of the Dutch zoologist Wilhem de Haan . Kirby transferred a number of previously described species from the genus Heteropteryx into this , which became monotypical . For many decades, Haaniella erringtoniae , Haaniella glaber , Haaniella mecheli and Haaniella rosenbergii were regarded as synonymous with Haaniella muelleri . This synonymization was only lifted by an extensive publication from 2016, in which five more species were newly described. In addition, Haaniella parva , which was transferred to the genus Miniopteryx in 2004, was put back into the genus Haaniella , making Miniopteryx a synonym.

The following species belong to Haaniella :

Use by humans

Some indigenous peoples of Borneo are known to eat the very large eggs of some species of Haaniella . These are not only valued for their high protein content , but are also said to help against diarrhea when cooked.

Some species from the genus Haaniella are bred by ghost horror lovers. The Phasmid Study Group has seven species in its culture list, the Dutch - Belgian Phasma eight species, some of them in several find variants. After Haaniella echinata (PSG number 26) was introduced as the first in 1979 , the other species native to Borneo followed. In 1984 the first Haaniella scabra (PSG number 70), in 1990 Haaniella grayii (PSG number 125) and Haaniella dehaanii (PSG number 126) and finally in 1994 Haaniella saussurei (PSG number 177) came into the terrariums of European enthusiasts. Also in the early 1990s, Haaniella erringtoniae was introduced from the Malay Peninsula. Also Haaniella gintingi , which before being described as Haaniella sp. 'Sibayak' was introduced in 2011 and was successfully brought up and followed by Bruno Kneubühler . In 2014 Haaniella gorochovi was named Haaniella sp. 'Bidoup Nui Ba' from Vietnam was introduced to Europe as the eighth species and is bred under PSG number 404.

The breeding of Haaniella species is generally considered to be a bit tricky due to their slow development. Although the animals accept most forage plants without any problems, they tend to have diarrhea in spring and early summer when feeding on leaves that are too fresh, which can lead to the total loss of entire breeding lines. In addition, the long development time of the brittle and sometimes shock-sensitive eggs often leads to low hatching rates, since constant or optimal conditions for incubation must be guaranteed over a long period of time.

photos

Web links

Commons : Haaniella  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Frank H. Hennemann , Oskar V. Conle , Paul D. Brock & Francis Seow-Choen : Zootaxa 4159 (1): Revision of the Oriental subfamiliy Heteropteryginae Kirby, 1896, with a re-arrangement of the family Heteropterygidae and the descriptions of five new species of Haaniella Kirby, 1904. (Phasmatodea: Areolatae: Heteropterygidae) , Magnolia Press, Auckland, New Zealand 2016, ISSN  1175-5326
  2. ^ A b c Paul D. Brock , Thies H. Büscher & E. Baker: Phasmida Species File Online . Version 5.0. (accessed on November 27, 2018)
  3. ↑ a b c Holger Dräger: Specters of the Heteropterygidae Kirby family , 1896 (Phasmatodea) - an overview of previously kept species, part 1: The subfamily Heteropteryginae Kirby , 1896 , ZAG Phoenix, No. 4 December 2011 Volume 2 (2), p 38-61, ISSN  2190-3476
  4. ↑ a b Christoph Seiler, Sven Bradler , Rainer Koch: Phasmids - care and breeding of ghosts, stick insects and walking leaves in the terrarium . bede, Ruhmannsfelden 2000, ISBN 3-933646-89-8
  5. ↑ Oliver Zompro : Specters of the Heteropterygidae family in the terrarium , Reptilia - Terraristik Fachmagazin, No. 24, August / September 2000, Natur und Tier - Verlag, Münster 2000
  6. ^ Philip E. Bragg : Phasmids of Borneo , Natural History Publikations (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd., Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, 2001, ISBN 983-812-027-8
  7. ↑ a b c Holger Dräger & Bruno Kneubühler : Offspring of a new ghost insect from Sumatra: Haaniella sp. "Sibayak" , Bugs - Das Wirbellosenmagazin, No. 2, June / July / August 2013, Natur und Tier - Verlag, Münster 2013, pp. 50–53 ISSN  2195-8610
  8. ↑ Bruno Kneubühler on Phasmatodea.com about Haaniella sp. "Sibayak"
  9. ↑ a b c Phasmatodea page from Oskar V. Conle and Frank H. Hennemann ( Memento of the original from December 7, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.phasmatodea.de
  10. ^ Eugène Bruins: Illustrated Terrarium Encyclopedia - Dörfler Verlag, Eggolsheim 2006, pp. 75-77, ISBN 978-3-89555-423-0
  11. ^ Roy Bäthe, Anke Bäthe & Mario Fuß: Phasmiden , Schüling Verlag, Münster 2009, pp. 134-137, ISBN 978-3-86523-073-7
  12. ↑ PSG Culture List on the Phasmid Study Group website .
  13. ↑ Culture list of the Dutch-Belgian Phasma