Haaniella scabra
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Haaniella scabra , male left, female right |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Haaniella scabra | ||||||||||||
| ( Redtenbacher , 1906) |
Haaniella scabra is aspecies of ghost horror nativeto Borneo . It is the smallest member of the genus Haaniella .
features
Haaniella scabra differs from the other members of the genus primarily through its much smaller size. In this species, too, there are many pointed spines on the head, body and legs of both sexes. The formation of the wings also corresponds to that of the other Haaniella species. Both pairs of wings are shortened, with the fore wings , designed as tegmina , completely covering the hind wings, which have been transformed into stridulation organs .
The males are only 5 to 5.7 cm long. The abdomen and legs are usually dark brown in color. The head and chest ( thorax ) are drawn a little more vividly by lighter parts. The spines in particular are usually very light or almost white. The front wings reveal an equally bright "V" -shaped pattern at rest. The remaining wing areas are brown with black veins. The long, light-colored spines on the underside of the abdomen are also striking. The underside of the thorax ( sternum ) is fawn brown and thus forms a clear contrast to the black colored intermediate membranes of the segments and joints.
With a length of 7 to 7.6 cm, the females are significantly larger than the males. Your abdomen ends with the spiky laying apparatus typical of the subfamily Heteropteryginae . The ventrally located subgenital plate of this laying apparatus, which is also known as the operculum, is significantly longer than the dorsally located part, which is called the supraanal plate or epiproct . In Haaniella scabra , the end of the supraanal plate is characterized by the presence of two to eight fine teeth. In adult females, the abdomen swells significantly during the egg-laying phase, as in other species of the genus. The coloring is dominated by a rather simple light brown tone. A slight pattern can usually only be seen on the head. On the top of the abdomen, about the level of the eighth abdominal segment, there may be small, dark eye spots. In some females, very light-colored areas can also be found on the abdomen, mostly in the sixth abdominal segment. This drawing is then already present in the nymphs . Both adult females and older nymphs have the typical blue-black joint and intersegmental skins, which are complemented by orange-red areas on the sternum, the rear hips and the underside of the hind legs. In addition, there is almost always a black spot on the middle of the outer edges of the forewings.
Distribution, behavior and reproduction
The range of Haaniella scabra is limited to the high mountain regions around Mount Kinabalu in the center of the Malaysian state Sabah , in the northern part of Borneo. The animals can be found there at altitudes between 1000 and 1800 m.
In its behavior this nocturnal species is similar to the other representatives of the genus from Borneo. It shows the same defensive behavior, consisting of spreading the held up spiked hind legs and closing them when touched by an attacker. The females also lay their eggs in the ground at night using the laying apparatus. Although the hairy eggs are 6 to 7 mm long and 4.5 to 5 mm wide than those of the other species, they are still quite large for the size of the animals. They also show a diagonal cross-shaped micropylar plate in the lower angle of which the micropyle is located. After 8 to 18 months, the 24 mm long nymphs hatch and they need another 18 months to reach adulthood. Older nymphs also have the contrasting colored underside of the adults' bodies . The average life expectancy of this species, which comes from the cool high mountains, is significantly higher than that of the other species. For example, a wild-caught female cared for by Oskar Conle reached the age of more than five years.
Systematics and Etymology
In 1906 Josef Redtenbacher initially described the species as Heteropteryx scabra , ignoring the description of the genus Haaniella published in 1904 by William Forsell Kirby . The species name " scabra " was chosen as an allusion to the rough surface of the body due to the spines ( lat. Scabrum = rough). Klaus Günther placed the species in 1932 as a subspecies to Haaniella grayii , but changed this assignment in 1944 and assigned it again as a subspecies Haaniella echinata . As early as 1938 John WH Rehn referred to it as an independent species and referred to it as Haaniella scabra . The animals were not examined again until Cocking imported the first animals to Europe in 1984. Since a publication by Cocking in 1985, Haaniella scabra is again considered a valid species. A total of four syntypes are stored in museums in Vienna , Saint Petersburg and Paris . The male specimen of the two syntypes located in Vienna has been established as the lectotype.
Terrariums
After Cocking first introduced animals for terraristics in 1984 , further animals were not imported again until 1996. The species is listed under PSG number 70 by the Phasmid Study Group . Small to medium-sized terrariums are
sufficient for keeping H. scabra , but the species is considered very delicate. Mortality is often very high, especially in the first few weeks after hatching. The terrarium should be provided with suitable hiding spots and a substrate that is always slightly moist and suitable for laying eggs. In addition to high humidity, temperatures averaging up to a maximum of 20 ° C are necessary for successful keeping. The diet is not a problem, because in addition to the leaves of rose plants (Rosaceae) such as blackberries , raspberries , hawthorn and firethorn , oak , ivy and other plants are also eaten .
photos
egg
Portrait of a male
Males from below
female
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Philip E. Bragg : Phasmids of Borneo , Natural History Publikations (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd., Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, 2001, pp. 93-97, ISBN 983-812-027-8
- ^ A b Edward Baker: Haaniella scabra ( Redtenbacher , 1906) Comments on Zucht , ZAG Phoenix, No. 3 June 2011, Volume 2 (1), pp. 46–49, ISSN 2190-3476
- ^ A b Eugène Bruins: Illustrated Terrarium Encyclopedia - Dörfler Verlag, Eggolsheim 2006, p. 77, ISBN 978-3-89555-423-0
- ↑ a b Phasmid page by Frank H. Hennemann & Oskar V. Conle ( Memento of the original from May 2, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Paul D. Brock : Phasmida Species File Online . Version 2.1 / 4.1. (accessed on October 31, 2011)
- ↑ Phasmid Study Group Culture List ( Memento from December 5, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) (English)
