Port cooperation offshore ports North Sea SH
The port cooperation Offshore-Häfen Nordsee SH was a cooperation agreed in 2010 by nine Schleswig-Holstein ports to support the wind power plants in the offshore area of the North Sea and thus the expansion of renewable energies in the course of the energy transition.
The cooperation
The port locations on the Schleswig-Holstein North Sea coast of Büsum , Brunsbüttel , Dagebüll , Helgoland , Husum , Rendsburg- Osterrönfeld , Wyk auf Föhr and the Sylt ports of Hörnum and List on Sylt have a close cooperation in mid-2010 with the focus on " Offshore wind farm logistics" agreed. With this cooperation the alleged potential of the federal state Schleswig-Holstein with its port locations for the wind farms in the North Sea is bundled. The initiative is supported by the city and district administrations, business enterprises, business development agencies , the Chamber of Commerce in Flensburg and Kiel, wind turbine manufacturers , the network agency windcomm schleswig-holstein ev and the Maritime Cluster (Northern Germany office).
The cooperation serves to network the port locations with a focus on “production, logistics and service ports for offshore wind farms”. The aim of the cooperation is to show customers and representatives of the industry as well as public representatives the potential of the North Sea ports in Schleswig-Holstein.
General background
Offshore wind farms - meaning and benefits
Rising costs for fossil raw materials and a change in environmental awareness within society have greatly increased the demand for renewable energies. In 2011, 20.04% of the nationwide electricity consumption was provided by renewable energies ( wind energy , hydropower , biomass , photovoltaics and geothermal energy ). An EU directive stipulates that by 2020 a total of at least 20% of electricity generation should come from renewable energies; Germany has set itself higher targets. Wind energy makes a significant contribution to this. At the end of 2011, 22,297 wind turbines with an electrical output of 29,075 megawatts (MW) were installed in Germany.
The systems installed so far are mainly in the countryside. The construction of wind turbines on the open sea has advantages. On the one hand, large-scale, concentrated construction of wind farms at sea is possible compared to locations on land, as is the installation of large and very powerful wind turbines (WTs) that can hardly be transported on land. The second major advantage is the higher wind efficiency. On the open sea there are more constant wind conditions and higher wind speeds, which enables better utilization and higher electricity generation. However, the construction of offshore wind turbines and their infrastructure, especially the grid connection, is significantly more expensive than the construction of wind turbines on land. In addition, maintenance and any repairs are more difficult, as the systems can sometimes not be reached in adverse weather conditions. As the first German offshore wind farm, alpha ventus was opened on March 27, 2010 45 kilometers north of the island of Borkum . In addition to the main function of "power generation", it also provides important information for later offshore wind farms ( RAVE ).
Offshore wind farm - studies and planning
Approx. 3.6 GW of installed capacity should go into operation by 2015. This corresponds to approx. 20% of the total offshore wind farms worldwide. In the German EEZ of the North Sea , 26 offshore wind farms with more than 1,800 wind turbines are currently approved. Most of the projects are expected to be completed by 2020.
Off the North Sea coast of Schleswig-Holstein, seven offshore wind farms with 735 wind turbines have been approved in the first construction stage. Partly under construction. Another four parks with an additional 219 plants are in the approval process. The associated investments in infrastructure and technology will amount to over 1 billion euros per wind farm built. In addition, considerable added value effects are to be expected from the operation of the wind farms, especially in the course of service and maintenance activities. More than 7,800 plants are to be built in the entire North Sea region by 2020. There are also further projects in the Baltic Sea and the Irish Sea, so that the total of 132 planned projects will have an installation volume of over 9500 wind turbines. Half of the projects will be built with 5 MW turbines or larger systems. For the other projects, plants with a capacity of 3–4 MW are planned.
The resulting demands have an impact in particular on the port infrastructures at the production and final assembly locations of the offshore industry, which are considered for the construction of the wind farms. Quays , assembly and storage areas have to meet the high demands of industry in terms of area sizes, weights and equipment.
Against this background, the branch network of the Schleswig-Holstein wind energy industry wind-comm schleswig-holstein has developed an offshore strategy. The entire value chain of the offshore wind power industry was analyzed with the aim of identifying the areas in which, according to the current status, a successful positioning of the country is possible and realistic. In which segments of the value chain there are still opportunities for the country to establish itself, which individual location potentials are available in the regions and which measures are to be implemented accordingly, form the essential contents. The basic results of the offshore strategy are explained in more detail below.
Fields of action
On this basis, various fields of action were identified in the offshore concept that could be promising for Schleswig-Holstein in order to direct additional value creation and jobs into the region. The areas of offshore assembling, large component production and service / maintenance could be identified as the main overarching fields of action for which Schleswig-Holstein can be positioned with reference to port locations. In detail, this means that in the context of the construction of the offshore wind farms in the North Sea, there is an unsatisfied need for storage, assembly and handling areas for wind turbines and their components. For each wind farm with an average of 80 wind turbines, this results in a corresponding space requirement of approx. 15 ha. In addition, the need for additional production areas for the large offshore wind turbine components foundations and towers could be analyzed. The corresponding existing production capacities for these components are nowhere near sufficient to cover the demand expected by 2020. There are therefore opportunities for a successful application for the Schleswig-Holstein ports. Long-term value creation and employment effects could also result for many North Sea ports from the service and maintenance area for offshore wind power. There is considerable need here for the establishment of reaction and supply ports, especially for the projects upstream of the Schleswig-Holstein North Sea coast.
North Sea coast of Schleswig-Holstein
Seven wind farms with 735 wind turbines have been approved in the first construction stage off the North Sea coast of Schleswig-Holstein. Some of them are already under construction, and 219 plants in another four parks are in the approval process. In terms of the total costs of infrastructure and technology, around 11 billion euros will be invested in these eleven wind farms.
Functions of the ports in offshore logistics
A finely tuned logistical chain is required to carry out the installation, operation and maintenance of the offshore wind farms. As an important link, the seaports must also adapt to future tasks and fulfill various functions:
Port for assembling and large component production (base / installation port)
Heavy-duty port facility with sufficient water depth and with sufficient free space for buffering and pre-installation of the wind turbine components is required. The construction and installation of offshore wind farms is carried out from this location.
The port locations of Brunsbüttel and Rendsburg-Osterrönfeld currently meet these requirements.
Reaction port (service port)
The reaction ports are characterized by a short distance from the wind farms and are the starting point for spontaneous and short-term repairs. Equipment, tools and smaller components are kept at the reaction ports. There are also options for storing and shipping large offshore components (e.g. rotor blades, "nacelles"). For example, the Norddeich harbor serves as a reaction point for the alpha-ventus test field.
The port locations of Büsum, Dagebüll, Husum and Brunsbüttel take on this function as part of the cooperation .
Supply port (service port)
Supply ports serve to supply the reaction points and in some cases also the wind farms themselves (if the distance and sea conditions permit this). This essentially involves regular and planned transports. Mostly ports on the mainland coast will be considered as supply locations. Sufficient equipment, tools and small and medium-sized components are stored at the supply ports. There are also options for storing and shipping large offshore components (e.g. rotor blades, nacelles). In addition, capacities for people, offices and social rooms are necessary.
The port locations of Helgoland, Hörnum, List and Wyk auf Föhr meet these requirements.
Positioning of the North Sea ports in Schleswig-Holstein
In the value-added field of offshore assembling and the production of larger components, such as foundations and towers, there are still opportunities for companies to set up shop. In the Schleswig-Holstein North Sea area, the Brunsbüttel location is particularly suitable for this, as it can largely meet the aforementioned requirement criteria. In addition, the offer of the port of Rendsburg-Osterrönfeld is available. This location is suitable, for example, for the production of tower segments for both offshore and onshore wind turbines.
There are also opportunities for significant and long-term employment effects through operators of offshore wind farms and manufacturers of systems for Schleswig-Holstein in the service and maintenance area for offshore wind farms. In this context, the small and medium-sized ports on the North Sea coast are of particular importance. With their options, they are suitable for the functions of reaction and / or supply port of offshore wind farms. The island of Helgoland occupies a prominent position , especially as a reaction point for the nearby offshore wind farms. But the other ports, such as Husum, Büsum and Dagebüll as supply ports and Hörnum, List and Wyk on the North Frisian Islands as reaction ports, are important because of their potential.
Networking the port locations
In the following, three examples are explained of how the port locations can be networked with one another and what tasks the port locations take on. These but also other networking scenarios are possible. The extent to which the ports ultimately interact depends on the respective customer requirements.
Brunsbüttel / Büsum / Husum / Helgoland
The networking of the port locations Brunsbüttel, Büsum, Husum and Helgoland is a possibility for the installation, as well as permanent supply and maintenance of the offshore wind farms in the "Helgoland-Cluster". Heavy-duty deep-water ports with buffer and installation areas close to the port are required for installation. The possibilities for this have been created in Brunsbüttel. Jack-up platforms can also jack up here. The offshore wind farms can be reached quickly and directly from Brunsbüttel.
The ports of Brunsbüttel , Büsum and Husum can also be used as a supply port for the Helgoland reaction point. Büsum can use a RoRo ramp, which means that vehicles and work equipment can also be shipped. With its strategically favorable location, Helgoland offers short journeys to the offshore wind farms in order to act as a reaction point. Since Heligoland is an island location, flexible supply ports are necessary. With Brunsbüttel, Büsum and Husum, three supply ports that can be reached quickly are located on the coast of Schleswig-Holstein.
Dagebüll / Husum / Hörnum / List
The networking of the ports of Dagebüll, Husum, Hörnum and List offers optimal conditions for the permanent supply and maintenance of the offshore wind farms in the "Sylt Cluster". The ports of Dagebüll and Husum function as supply ports for the reaction ports of Hörnum and List. Regular shipping of spare parts, personnel and tools from Dagebüll and Husum to the reaction ports should ensure a constant and sufficient supply. Because the ports of Hörnum and List are located off the coast, short journeys to the offshore wind farms for supply and maintenance can be offered.
Brunsbüttel / Rendsburg-Osterrönfeld
With the ports of Brunsbüttel and Rendsburg-Osterrönfeld , two heavy-duty port locations are available within the cooperation. Via the Rendsburg Port, the components of the wind turbines can be loaded onto the ship as a means of transport far inland. Long land journeys to a seaport are no longer necessary. In addition, around 80 hectares of freely available commercial space are available at the port of Rendsburg-Osterrönfeld. In connection with the heavy haulage port, there are good conditions for building a production site for wind turbines. A shuttle connection established over the Kiel Canal to Brunsbüttel would allow the components to be collected there and loaded onto an installation ship . The Brunsbüttel location thus takes on a hub function .
See also
literature
- North Sea ports present port concept . In: Schiff & Hafen , issue 2/2011, p. 44.
- Current projects of the Maritime Cluster Northern Germany . In: Schiff & Hafen , issue 9/2012, p. 58
Web links
- Press release of the state government of Schleswig-Holstein , accessed on December 20, 2010
- Press release of the General Association of Schleswig-Holstein Ports eV , accessed on December 20, 2010
- Newspaper article Hamburger Morgenpost from December 5, 2006 , accessed December 20, 2010
- Interactive wind farm map
Individual evidence
- ↑ Renewable Energies 2011 ( Memento of the original from May 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 946 kB). Federal Environment Ministry, accessed on April 21, 2012.
- ↑ Status of wind energy use in Germany 2011 ( memento of the original dated November 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.4 MB). German Wind Energy Association, accessed on April 21, 2012.
