Hajdamaks
| Cyrillic ( Ukrainian ) | |
|---|---|
| Гайдамаки | |
| Transl. : | Gajdamaki |
| Transcr. : | Hajdamaky |
Hajdamaks ( Turkish haydamak, hajdamak 'robber', Hungarian 'lightly armed warrior') were farmers and Cossacks who lived in the Ukraine west of the Dnieper ( right-wing Ukraine ).
Throughout the 18th century, the rural population was exploited by the Polish feudal rule of the Szlachta . In 1768 a relentless peasant revolt against foreign rule developed. The rebellious Hajdamaks were led by the Zaporozhian Cossack Maksym Salisnjak and the officer Iwan Gonta, who deserted from the Polish guard .
With the introduction of serfdom by the Polish nobility, the living conditions of the rural population deteriorated.
The Hajdamaks carried out a bloodbath in June 1768 in the city of Uman , where the Polish nobility had fled, during the Hajdamak uprising of 1768 . In addition to the Polish nobility, Jesuits and members of the United Church , who were seen as allies of the Catholic Poles, as well as numerous Jews were victims of the anger of the insurgents. For a long time, Jews formed the middle class between Polish landowners and Ruthenian farmers in Galicia and Volhynia . They worked as merchants and innkeepers, often as an estate manager and tax collector of the nobility what they already during the uprising of Bohdan Khmelnytsky had made the target of hatred mid-17th century.
In the poem haidamaka describes Taras Shevchenko , the former location of the Ukrainian peasants. The poem was translated into Russian by Lev Alexandrovich Mei , and Modest Mussorgsky's composition Hopak is based on this translation .
literature
- Haidamac. In: Encyclopaedia Judaica .
Web links
- Haidamaka. In: Encyclopedia of Ukraine . Vol. 2, 1989(English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Max Vasmer : Гайдамак. In: Этимологический словарь русского языка Макса Фасмера (Russian etymological dictionary). Winter, Heidelberg, 2012, archived from the original on July 4, 2013 ; Retrieved August 15, 2019 (Russian and other Russian dictionaries).
- ↑ Article Hajdamaks in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ^ Andreas Kappeler : Brief history of the Ukraine. Munich 2009, p. 62.