Maksym Salisnjak

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Maksym Salisnjak

Maksym Ijewlevytsch Salisnjak ( Ukrainian Максим Ієвлевич Залізняк ; * around 1740 in Ivkivtsi near Tschyhyryn , right-wing Ukraine ; † after 1768 in Nerchinsk , Russian Empire ) was a Zaporozhye Cossack in the Kolkhamzhyna in 1768 and the leader of the Haivrishtchak .

Life

Maksym Salisnjak was born around 1740 in Ivkivtsi ( Івківці ; zu Medwediwka ) in right-bank Ukraine as the son of a Cossack. After his father died, he went to the Zaporozhye Sich . From 1762 he worked as a fisherman on the Dnepr and moved to Kiev .

In 1768, together with Ivan Gonta ( Іван Ґонта ), he led the Hajdamaks in the Kolijiwschtschyna uprising, a rebellion of the right-wing Cossacks and peasants in response to the Confederation of Bar against the Polish feudal rule of the Szlachta in right-wing Ukraine.

He set up a rebel group of Zaporozhian Cossacks in the forest area of Cholodnyj Yar and, by the end of May 1768, brought the cities of Cherkassy , Smila , Korsun , Kaniw , Bohuslav , Zvenyhorodka and Lysjanka under his control.

After the Hajdamaks conquered Uman , the trading center of right-bank Ukraine, in June 1768 and staged a massacre among the Polish nobility and the city's Jews, in which an estimated 20,000 Jews and Poles were murdered, Salisnjak declared the restoration of the hetmanate and himself himself to the new hetman .

On July 8, 1768, Salisnjak, along with almost his entire officers' staff, was arrested by the Russian general Mikhail Kretschetnikow ( Михаил Никитич Кречетников ) and locked in the Kiev fortress of Pechersk by order of the Russian Empress Catherine II . Salisnjak was sentenced to lifelong hard work in the ore mines of the Siberian city of Nerchinsk, where he presumably died.

Aftermath

Salisnjak became the subject of songs and literary works in Ukraine. Among other things, Taras Shevchenko wrote in Die Hajdamaken (1841) and Cholodnyj Jar ("The Cold Gorge", 1845), Jurij Mushketyk wrote the novel Haidamaky (1957) and Mykola Lyssenko wrote two songs about Salisnjak and the Hajdamak uprising.

The Maksym Salisnjak Oak is a natural monument in Buda .

Web links

Commons : Maksym Salisnjak  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
  • Максим Залізняк. In: we.org.ua. October 2014(Ukrainian).;
  • Iwan Katchanowskyj, Zenon E. Kohut, Bohdan Y. Nebessio, Myroslaw Yurkewytch: Zalizniak, Maksym. In: Historical Dictionary of Ukraine. The Scarecrow Press, Lanham et al., 2013, pp. 777-778 (English).;

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Zalizniak, Maksym. In: Encyclopedia of Ukraine . Volume 5, 1993, accessed April 5, 2016 .
  2. ↑ Максим Залізняк. In: Надвірнянська Свобода. June 18, 2010, accessed April 5, 2016 (Ukrainian).
  3. ^ Herman Rosenthal, JG Lipman: Haidamacks. In: Jewish Encyclopedia . 1906, accessed August 15, 2019 .
personal data
SURNAME Salisnjak, Maksym
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Salisnjak, Maksym Ijewlevytsch (full name); Залізняк, Максим Ієвлевич (Ukrainian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Zaporozhian Cossack and leader of the Hajdamaks in the Koliyivshchyna uprising in 1768
DATE OF BIRTH around 1740
PLACE OF BIRTH Ivkivtsi near Tschyhyryn , right bank Ukraine
DATE OF DEATH after 1768
Place of death Nerchinsk , Russian Empire