Hook-and-Cod War
The Hook-and-Cod War ( Dutch Hoekse en Kabeljauwse twisten ) comprises a series of wars and battles in Holland between 1350 and 1490. Most of these wars were fought for the title of Counts of Holland , but the real reason was the power struggle of the bourgeoisie in the cities against the ruling nobility . The cod faction, led by Messrs. Van Arkel and the Egmonds, consisted mainly of more progressive cities in Holland. The Haken faction under the Lords of Brederode consisted to a large extent of conservative aristocrats. The origin of the name is uncertain.
Margarethe of Bavaria against Wilhelm V.
After William IV , the Count of Holland, was killed in 1345, his sister Margarethe inherited the county. She had married the Wittelsbach Emperor Ludwig IV and lived in Bavaria. She appointed her second son Wilhelm (later Count Wilhelm V) ruler of Holland, which meant that he ruled as her deputy. In 1350 the Dutch nobles demanded that Margarethe return to Holland. In response, the Cod Association was founded on May 23, 1350 by supporters of Wilhelm. On September 5 of the same year, the hook bundle was created. A little later these two groups got into an argument and a civil war began.
Edward III. , Margaret's brother-in-law, came to her aid and in 1351 won a sea battle off Veere . A few weeks later, the Hooks and their English allies were defeated by Wilhelm and the Cod at Vlaardingen : a fall that ruined Margaret's cause. Edward III. then changed sides and in 1354 the Empress was forced to come to an agreement with her son: he became Count of Holland and Zeeland , she of Hainaut . Margarethe died two years later after leaving Wilhelm, who married Maud of Lancaster .
Jacobea of Bavaria against Philip of Burgundy
Although there had been some minor fights under Wilhelm's brother and successor Albrecht in the period after 1356, it only came after the death of Albrecht's eldest son, Wilhelm VI. 1417 for the main battle. Wilhelm's brother Johann III. and his daughter Jacobea claimed the land. The cod were on John's side and after his death in 1425 on that of his nephew Philip the Good , the hooks were on Jacobea's side. The result of these battles was that Jacobea was allowed to keep the title of Countess of Holland and Hainaut, but Philip ruled the country. Philip was the heir to the county and the childless Jacobea was not allowed to marry without his permission. The agreement became invalid when Jakobäa married Frank van Borselen in 1432 and had to hand over their territory to Burgundy in the Hague Treaty . This marked the end of the Wittelsbach rule over the Dutch counties and Hainaut.