Halothamnus subaphyllus
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Halothamnus subaphyllus subsp. charifii |
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| Halothamnus subaphyllus | ||||||||||||
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Halothamnus subaphyllus is a species of the genus Halothamnus fromthe foxtail family ( Amaranthaceae ).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Halothamnus subaphyllus usually grows as a shrub with growth heights of 0.5 to 1.2 meters or sand as a bush with stature heights of up to 2.5 meters. The branches have a blue-green or green bark . The lower leaves are half-stemmed, fleshy, linear with a length of up to 35 mm. The upper leaves are scale-shaped with a length of only 1 to 4 mm and have a narrow skin edge at their base and usually also on the sides and tip.
Generative characteristics
The bracts resemble the leaves, at the upper flowers they are shorter than the prophylls and the flowers and around hautrandig. The scale-shaped, transversely oval, membranous bracts lie against the flower and together with the bract form a flat cup. The hermaphroditic flowers are 3.2 to 5.0 mm long. The tepals are egg-shaped. The scars are trimmed at the top.
The winged fruit has a diameter of 11 to 17 mm. Their wings start in or a little below the center. The fruit tube is bowl-shaped narrowed downwards, with protruding ridges, and has flat, egg-shaped to rounded pits at the base.
Fruit, side view
Fruit, underside
Distinguishing features of the subspecies
The species Halothamnus subaphyllus is divided into three subspecies, here are their distinguishing features:
- Halothamnus subaphyllus subsp. subaphyllus
- Halothamnus subaphyllus subsp. psammophilus : It is a shrub up to 2.5 m tall with shorter, thinner flowering branches and longer upper leaves.
- Halothamnus subaphyllus subsp. charifii : In its leaf axils, dense tufts of long curly hairs ( trichomes ) are noticeable.
Occurrence
The range of Halothamnus subaphyllus includes Kazakhstan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , Tajikistan , Iran , Afghanistan and Pakistan ( Baluchistan ). It grows in steppes , semi-deserts and deserts on stony, loamy and sandy, often salty or gypsum-containing soils up to heights of 2,400 meters above sea level .
use
Halothamnus subaphyllus is an important fodder plant in the grazed desert areas of Central Asia. It is eaten by sheep, goats and camels as well as by cattle and is therefore grown as a crop in artificial, recultivated pastures. The subspecies Halothamnus subaphyllus subsp. psammophilus . The Halothamnus subaphyllus subsp. psammophilus is also planted to strengthen movable sand dunes. Halothamnus subaphyllus is used in folk medicine for gynecological diseases, to strengthen hair and for sheep itch, as well as for anthrax and for wound healing. The plants are rich in medically important alkaloids ( subaphylline , salsolin ). Halothamnus subaphyllus also serves as a coloring plant for fabrics. The ashes of Halothamnus subaphyllus used to provide soda and potash for soap-making. Boron accumulates in the leaves .
Systematics
The first description of this species was in 1833 by Carl Anton von Meyer as Salsola subaphylla CAMeyer. In 1981, she was of Victor Petrovich Botschantzev as halothamnus subaphyllus (CAMeyer) Botsch. placed in the genus Halothamnus .
Halothamnus subaphyllus is divided into three subspecies:
- Halothamnus subaphyllus (CAMeyer) Botsch. subsp. subaphyllus ( Syn. : Salsola subaphylla C.A.Meyer , Caroxylon subaphyllum (CAMeyer) MOQ. , Salsola subaphylla C.A.Meyer var. typica Drobov , nom inval. Salsola subaphylla C.A.Meyer subsp. typica (Drobov) Iljin , nom inval,.. Aellenia subaphylla (CAMeyer) Aellen , Aellenia subaphylla (CAMeyer) Aellen subsp. Eu-subaphylla Aellen , nom.inval., Aellenia subaphylla (CAMeyer) Botsch. Ex Aellen , quoad nom., Aellenia subaphylla (CAMeyer) Aellen subsp. Subaphylla , Aellenia subaphylla ( CAMeyer) Aellen subsp. sabetii Aellen , Salsola subaphylla C.A.Meyer var. arenaria Drobov , Salsola arenaria (Drobov) Iljin , nom. NUD., Salsola subaphylla C.A.Meyer subsp. arenaria (Drobov) Iljin , Aellenia subaphylla (CAMeyer) Aellen subsp. turcomanica Aellen , Aellenia turcomanica (Aellen) Čer. )
- Halothamnus subaphyllus (CAMeyer) Botsch. subsp. charifii (Aellen) Kothe-Heinr. (Syn .: Aellenia subaphylla (CAMeyer) Aellen subsp. Charifii Aellen , Aellenia subaphylla (CAMeyer) Aellen subsp. Gracilenta Aellen , Halothamnus subaphylloides Botsch. )
- Halothamnus subaphyllus (CAMeyer) Botsch. subsp. psammophilus (botsch.) Kothe-Heinr. (Syn .: Halothamnus psammophilus Botsch. )
Common names
- Uzbekistan: ČOGON, ČOGAN, ČUGON
- Kazakhstan: ŠONGAJNA
- Russian: солянка малолистная
literature
- Gabriele Kothe-Heinrich: Revision of the genus Halothamnus (Chenopodiaceae) . Bibliotheca Botanica Vol. 143, Swiss Beard , Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 978-3-510-48014-2 , pp. 136–151: Swiss Beard Bibliotheca Botanica Vol. 143 - online.
- Gabriele Kothe-Heinrich: Halothamnus . In: Karl Heinz Rechinger et al. (Edit.): Flora Iranica Vol. 172, Chenopodiaceae , Akad. Druck, Graz 1997, ISBN 3-201-00728-5 , pp. 285-289 and fig. 7–8, plate 158.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b G. K. Kinzikaeva: Aellenia . In: PN Občinnikov (ed.): Flora Tadžikskoj SSR 3, pp. 419-425. - Leningrad: Nauka, 1968
- ↑ NT Nečaeva et al .: Žiznennye formy rastenij pustyni Karakumy. , Moskva: Izdat. "Nauka", 1973
- ↑ [1] (PDF; 1.6 MB) Combating Desertification - Traditional Knowledge and Modern Technology for the Sustainable Management of Dryland Ecosystems , UNESCO-MAB Drylands Series No. 4, 2005, p. 156.
- ↑ SS Sachobiddinov: Dikorastuŝie lekarstvennye rasteniâ Srednej Azii. , Taškent: Gosizdat Uz.SSR, 1948.
- ↑ IV Larin: Kormovye rasteniâ senokosov i pastbuŝ SSSR 2 , Moskva / Leningrad: GISL 1,951th
- ↑ AF Gammerman et al .: Lekarstvenny rasteniâ SSSR, rastitelnoe syr'e SSSR. , Moskva, Leningrad: Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1957.
- ↑ SE Zemlinskij: Lekarstvennye rasteniâ SSSR. , Moskva: Medgiz, 1958.
- ↑ OA ends: Krasil'nye rasteniâ Turkmenii , Trudy Turkmensk. Fil. Akad. Nauk SSSR 5, 1944.
- ↑ P. Aellen: Chenopodiaceae , In: G. Hegi (Ed .: KH Rechinger): Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa , 2nd ed. 3 (2), Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1961, pp. 533-747.
- ↑ NV Pavlov: Rastitel'noe syr'e Kazachstana. , Moskva / Leningrad: Isdat. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1947
- ↑ NM Amanova & G. K Kinzikaeva: Marevye (Chenopodiaceae Vent.) Ûžnogo Tadžikistana kak nakopiteli bora. , Izv. Akad. Nauk Tadžiksk. SSR Otd. Biol. Nauk 3, 1973, pp. 18-24.
- ^ Carl Anton von Meyer: Salsola subaphylla CAMey. , In: Karl Eduard Eichwald: Plantarum novarum vel minus cognitarum , 2, Leipzig, Voss, 1833 (publ. End of 1835), p. 34, plate 24. (first description)
- ^ Victor Petrovič Botschantzev: Revisio generis Halothamnus Jaub. et Spach (Chenopodiaceae) (Russian). In: Bot. Mater. Tanning Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk SSSR = Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii. Moscow & Leningrad 18, 1981, p. 171. (New combination to Halothamnus )
- ^ Gabriele Kothe-Heinrich: Revision of the genus Halothamnus (Chenopodiaceae) . Bibliotheca Botanica Vol. 143, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 978-3-510-48014-2 , pp. 140-145. (New combination of subsp. Charifii )
- ^ Gabriele Kothe-Heinrich: Revision of the genus Halothamnus (Chenopodiaceae) . Bibliotheca Botanica Vol. 143, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 978-3-510-48014-2 , pp. 145-146. (New combination of subsp.psammophilus )
