Hans Maly

Hans Maly (born March 7, 1907 in Cologne , † October 28, 1971 ) was a German police officer. During the Second World War, as a senior official in the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), he played a key role in organizing the deportation of " Gypsies ". In the post-war period he was the head of the criminal police in what was then the federal capital of Bonn .

Life

Youth and education

In his youth, Maly attended elementary school, the state Friedrich-Wilhelm-Gymnasium and the Realgymnasium in Cologne. After passing the school leaving examination in 1926, he devoted himself to studying law at the University of Cologne . He passed his first state examination in law on December 22, 1929. He then did his legal preparatory service. The formal completion of his training was the doctorate to Dr. jur. with a thesis on the right of avoidance supervised by Hans Carl Nipperdey (day of the oral examination: December 19, 1930), which was published in 1931.

Career in the police service during the Nazi era

On February 1, 1932, Maly was accepted into the higher service of the criminal police in Cologne. In 1934 he was promoted to detective inspector there. After a brief assignment in Saarbrücken , Maly was transferred to the Reich Criminal Police Office (RKPA) in March 1937 . During this time he joined the NSDAP on May 1, 1937 (membership number 5,851,750). In December 1938, Maly was promoted to the criminal councilor. As a member of the SS (membership number 290593), which he is likely to be joined at that time, he was awarded the approximation rank of SS-Sturmbannführer .

In 1939 Maly worked for a few months at the criminal police control center in Vienna before he was transferred to the newly created Reich Security Main Office later that year.

In June 1940, Maly was sent to the "Einsatzkommando Sicherheitspolizei in den Netherlands" in The Hague and shortly thereafter transferred to the newly created authority of the Commander of the Security Police and the SD in the occupied Netherlands (BdSN). In this he headed Department V (Criminal Investigation Department), where his deputy and later successor was Oskar Wenzky . Norbert Schloßmacher is of the opinion that Maly probably already in this position “also had to do with coercive measures against the Dutch population”.

In January 1943, Maly was transferred back to the Reich Criminal Police Office, which had meanwhile been integrated into the Reich Security Main Office as Office Group V. Up until September 1943, he was in charge of the work on the subject area “Preventive measures against professional criminals, habitual criminals and those who are publicly dangerous”. From January to April 1943 he also took over the representation of the sick criminal inspector Hans Otto as the person responsible for the area “Preventive measures against antisocial people, prostitutes and gypsies”. Later, Maly also temporarily represented the chief detective Heinrich Böhlhoff , the head of Section A 2, to which the “Reich Central Office for Combating the Gypsy Fight” was subordinate. In the last two functions mentioned, Maly ordered tough measures against "anti-social people, prostitutes and gypsies" in numerous cases during the eight months of his activity at the RSHA, in particular he sent numerous individuals to concentration camps. In addition, as a substitute for Otto, he played a key role in the deportation of the Sinti and Roma to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp, which was organized by the Reich Criminal Police Office in the spring of 1943 .

From September 1943 to the end of 1944, Maly was again used in his old position with the Commander of the Security Police and the SD in the Netherlands. Most recently, from January 5 to May 5, 1945, he held the position of head of Department V (Kripo) in the staff of the Commander of the Security Police and the SD in Denmark .

post war period

Shortly before the end of the Second World War, Maly was arrested by members of the British army on May 5, 1945 and then interned in various camps until 1947.

After his denazification , which, according to Stefan Noethen, probably ended with the classification in the category V (exonerated), Maly was taken back into the police service on January 1, 1948, recognizing his old rank as a criminal inspector. He initially worked for the criminal police in Cologne before he rose to head of the criminal police in Bonn in the 1950s as chief criminal officer.

His Nazi past caught up with Maly at the end of the 1950s: in 1958, the Bonn public prosecutor received several anonymous complaints, probably from an employee of the Reparation Office in Karlsruhe . The following year his SS past became public after the Public Services, Transport and Traffic Union (ÖTV) published an open letter to him in a newspaper in which they accused him of “having been a full member of the SS since March 15, 1938 to be and since 1941 [sic!] to have held the rank of SS-Sturmbannführer ”. In April 1960 he was finally dismissed from his office on suspicion that he had been guilty of perversion of the law in his activities in 1942/1943 .

The investigation into the Porajmos of the European "Gypsies" led to Maly's role as one of the main people responsible for the organization of the deportation of the Sinti, Roma and Yeniche to the Auschwitz gypsy camp carried out by the Reich Criminal Police Office in the spring of 1943. Maly was arrested and charged in 1964 for being partly responsible. The proceedings, which had to be interrupted many times for health reasons, dragged on until his death in 1971, without any conviction by then.

Fonts

• Acquisition from the opposing party: See § 142 II BGB , 1931. (Dissertation)

literature

• Karola Fings / Frank Sparing: Racism Camp Genocide. The National Socialist persecution of gypsies in Cologne , 2005.
• Stefan Noethen: Old comrades and new colleagues: Police in North Rhine-Westphalia 1945-1953 , 2003, p. 326f.
• Norbert Schloßmacher : "Without further ado the color changed". The Bonn Police under National Socialism , 2006, pp. 404–406.
• Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich . Who was what before and after 1945 . 2nd Edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 .