Harihar
| Harihar ಹರಿಹರ |
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 India
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| State : | Karnataka | ||
| District : | Go away | ||
| Location : | 14 ° 31 ' N , 75 ° 48' E | ||
| Height : | 540 m | ||
| Area : | 14.62 km² | ||
| Residents : | 83,219 (2011) | ||
| Population density : | 5692 inhabitants / km² | ||
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Harihar ( Kannada : ಹರಿಹರ) is a city with approx. 85,000 inhabitants in the Davanagere district in the southwest Indian state of Karnataka . The city, which is largely industrially oriented today, is u. a. known for a Hoysala temple from 1224, which is the northernmost of its kind.
location
Harihar is located in the geographical center of Karnataka on the east bank of the Tungabhadra near the confluence of the Haridra River at a height of 540 m above sea level. d. M .; the district capital Davanagere is located approx. 18 km (driving distance) southeast. The climate is rather temperate by Indian standards; Rain falls mainly during the monsoon months May to October.
population
Official population statistics have only been kept and published since 1991.
| year | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 |
| Residents | 66,647 | 78,723 | 83.219 |
Approx. 66% of the majority Kannada- speaking population are Hindus and about 33% are Muslim ; other religions ( Jains , Sikhs , Buddhists , Christians etc.) form numerically small minorities. The male population is about 5% higher than the female.
economy
The inhabitants of Harihar live mainly as industrial workers, craftsmen, traders and small service providers or day laborers . Mainly wheat , lentils and chickpeas are grown in the fields in the area , but coconut palms also play an important role in the economic life of the region.
history
Harihar was already an important place in the medieval Hoysala Empire. In the 15th and first half of the 16th century, the area was part of the Vijayanagar Empire, in 1690 it came under the control of the princely state of Mysore , whose rule, however, in the second half of the 18th century by Hyder Ali (r . 1761–1782) and his son Tipu Sultan (r. 1782–1799) was interrupted. After that, the British played the dominant military and economic role in South India until independence (1947).
Attractions
- The Harihareshwara temple, built around 1224/5 as a foundation by a wealthy court official under King Vira Narasimha II , is dedicated to the Hindu god Harihara , a fusion of the aspects of Shiva and Vishnu . A later tower ( vimana ) rises above the cella ( garbhagriha ) in the west ; in front of it there is a large vestibule ( mandapa ) placed at a corner . While the exterior of the temple is largely unadorned, the interior features the turned soapstone columns typical of Hoysala architecture ; Also noteworthy are the different rose decors of the ceiling compartments and the entrance portal to the cella. The temple was built at ground level, but rests on a 60 cm high base zone to protect against ( monsoon ) rain and animals roaming free; a ritual transformation ( pradakshina ) is therefore only possible on the floor level covered with stone slabs.
- An approx. 4 m high victory column rises in front of the temple. To the side of the temple is the sculpture of a lying Nandi bull, Shiva's companion animal ( vahana ).
- Several medieval inscription steles were placed directly next to the temple.
Vestibule ( mandapa )
Entrance to the cella
Inscription steles (around 1171 and 1224)
_and_c.1223_(r)_in_the_Harihareshwara_temple_at_Harihar.JPG)
- The new Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady of Health with its pagoda-like tower is also architecturally interesting .
literature
- Gerard Foekema: Hoysala Architecture: Medieval Temples of Southern Karnataka built during Hoysala Rule. Books & Books, New Delhi 1994, ISBN 978-81-8501-641-2 .
- Gerard Foekema: Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples. Abhinav Publ., New Delhi 1996, ISBN 81-7017-345-0 .
- S. Settar: The Hoysala Temples. Kala Yatra Publ., Bangalore 1992, ISBN 978-81-9001-721-3 .
Web links
- Harirar, Harihareshwara Temple (Wikipedia, English)
- Harirar, Harihareshwara Temple (English)
- Harihar, Harirareshwara Temple - Photos