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Hartrad is a male given name and a family name .

Origin and variants

The name comes from Old High German and is formed from the two compounds hart (kühn, stark) and rat (advice, counselor). In the early Middle Ages the name form Hardrad predominates , in the High and Late Middle Ages the form Hartrad or Hartrat . From the 16th century, the Hartard and Hartart variants became increasingly popular .

Early namesake

In the 6th century, one of the first names to be documented was an Arderadus , vidame of the Bishop of Le Mans and 542/543 his envoy to St. Benedict on Monte Cassino . Other early medieval representatives of the name in today's France are Abbot Hardrad of Saint-Bertin (769), the Vice Counts of Tours , Ardrad I (846/865) and his grandson Ardrad II, as well as Bishop Ardrad of Chalon-sur-Saône (889 -Approx. 925). In the Scandinavian area, King Harald III. from Norway (* 1015, † 1066) also known under the nickname Hardråde ( the strict or the hard ).

In the German-day room is the first evidence of the name found in a traditional note of the Abbey of Echternach : In 721 gives the Frankish nobleman Bertrada , the same year Prüm Abbey had donated, together with her son Heribert goods to the Echternach monastery. The documentary entry begins with the words: "Ego Berta, Deo sacrata, et filius meus Chardradus et Harbertus donamus ..."; the grammatical inaccuracy of the text leaves open whether Heribert had a brother Hardrad or whether he used this name as an epithet. Heribert-Hardrad became the grandfather of Charlemagne through his daughter Bertrada the younger . Another Hardrad, perhaps identical to the first, is mentioned in the cartular of the Lorze Abbey of Gorze as having died in 771 when his son Ratard donated goods to the monastery in Mandres-aux-Quatre-Tours; Josef Fleckenstein identified (not without contradiction) this Ratard with Ruthard , the administrator of Alemannia, who is counted among the ancestors of the older Guelphs . Between the last quarter of the 8th century and the middle of the 9th century, bearers of the name Hardrad often appear in the tradition books of the monasteries of Fulda , Lorsch and Weißenburg . They belong to an aristocratic family who were particularly wealthy in Wormsgau , probably also in Thuringia (around Sömmerda , Kölleda , Haßleben ), and later also in the Saalgau , and who were related to the Frankish imperial aristocracy ( Widonen , Rupertiner ). The older namesake in Echternach and Gorze could be one of their ancestors. A Count Hardrad , who possibly came from this clan from the Middle Rhine, was in 786 the leader of an East Franconian-Thuringian conspiracy against Charlemagne; he was blinded after the attack plan was discovered and presumably expelled from the Reich. A reverberation of these events is possibly the legendary figure of Hardré , who appears in the French chansons de geste Garin le Loherain (Lohengrin) and Amis et Amile in the role of the traitor.

Distribution of the first name and other namesake

In the Middle Ages, Hartrad was widely used as a personal name, especially in the southern Hessian region, not least because of the influential family of the Lords and Counts of Merenberg , for whom Hartrad has been the lead name for ten generations (from Hartrad I, around 1090, to the last of the Haus, Hartrad VII., † 1327). Perhaps Hartrad , brother of St. Mainz's Archbishop Bardo , named in 1031 and 1051, already belongs to this family. In Hesse, namesake can be found in the aristocratic families Alnhausen, Reichenbach, Westerburg, Hundelshausen, Trümbach, Wildenberg, Goßfelden and Fellingshausen as well as several namesake in the Wetzlar patrician families von Hörnsheim and Blide. In Franconia, Hartrad (Hartrach) is often part of the Baldersheim Truchessen family. Until the 18th century, Hartrad and Hartard were not exactly common, but especially in southwest Germany ( Electoral Palatinate , Hochstifte Trier and Mainz , Luxembourg ) by no means unusual baptismal names (namesake among others in the families of the Lords von Wiltz, Pallandt, Nassau, Bassenheim, Elter, Metternich, Dhaun, Stein as well as Rollingen, Hattstein and von der Leyen, see below).

Name bearer:

family name

see Hartrad (family)

Hartrad appears as a family name for the first time in 1250 with a Konrad Hartroet named in Würzburg or Rothenburg documents , who appears as a witness in a number of apparently Würzburg ministerials. This is possibly the progenitor of the Hartrad patrician family attested to between 1335 and 1385 in Rothenburg ob der Tauber . A second medieval Hartrad family , which belonged to the patriciate of the imperial city of Frankfurt , is mentioned for the first time in 1253 and 1254 in Dieburg, southern Hesse, with the lay judge Hartrad and his presumed son Heinrich Hartradis ; The Frankfurt aldermen and mayor Erwin Hartrad († 1410) belongs to this family . With Erwin's daughter Adelheid († 1423) and her guardian, the wool weaver Henne Hartrad, known for the last time in 1432, called zur Krone (perhaps her uncle or cousin), the family ended in Frankfurt. There is presumably an ancestral relationship between the two families: The Rothenburger Hartrad are proven in the 14th century as fiefs of the Lords of Hohenlohe-Brauneck , who as heirs of the Lords of Büdingen owned a quarter of the city of Dieburg between 1247 and 1310 and apparently theirs to manage their newly acquired goods brought Frankish servants to Dieburg; The Gremeser (Cremeser) family from Dieburg, which has also been attested since 1253, is already under the Würzburg and Hohenlohe ministries in the 13th century.

The possible genealogical connections of this patrician family Hartrad with families of the same name in Groschlag near Frankfurt (Clas Hartrad 1427 and 1432, Heinz Hartrad 1447 and 1452 Hanauian mayor there), in the Wetterau (Henne Hartrad 1399 in Büdesheim, Clas Hartrad, son of Konrad) are unclear from Altenstadt, 1414 in Frankfurt, Peter Hartrad 1334 in Friedberg, Konrad Hartrad from Grünberg 1364 in Frankfurt), Neustadt in Hessen (Johann Hartradi 1325) and Wetzlar (Heinz Hartrad, 1357–1375 Marburg citizen, 1384 †, donates a soul memory for himself and his parents at the Wetzlar Teutonic Order Church).

Analogous to the linguistic development of the personal name Hartrad , the phonetic and written image of the family name changed over the centuries. The older form of Hartrad has been increasingly replaced by the more modern forms of Hartard and Hartart since the 16th century , and oral tradition has given it numerous variants.

This process can be seen in the Hartrat family, who have lived in the Hüttenberger Land near Wetzlar since 1469 ; it branched into the following lines that still exist today:

  • Hartart , Hardtert , Hartert and Hardert in the Taunus and in the Wetterau
  • Hartherz in the Wetterau (see there for namesake)
  • Hartert in Nassau (see there for namesake)
  • Hartard in the Palatinate (see there for namesake)
  • Hardardt in the Palatinate with a US-American sideline Hardart (from this comes the American entrepreneur Frank Hardart , co-founder of the Horn & Hardart vending machines in New York and Philadelphia)

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Auguste Voisin: Les Cǽnomans anciens et modern, histoire du département de la Sarthe, 1852, p. 222f. and p. 332
  2. ↑ Ruprecht Konrad: - (?) Hartrat a Thuringian rebel against Charlemagne. A contribution to the structure of the early medieval aristocratic society . In: Hans-Jürgen Beier, Thomas Weber (eds.): Old and new - From the museum to the state parliament. Festschrift for Volker Schimpff on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday (= contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe 76) . Langenweißbach 2014, p. 47-83 .
  3. ↑ Ludwig Schnurrer (arrangement): The documents of the imperial city of Rothenburg 1182-1400, Vol. 1, 1999, No. 15