House Eyll (Straelen)

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House Eyll, view from the east

The house Eyll is a former manor in the peasantry Hetzert, approximately 2.5 kilometers northeast of the center of Straelen on the Lower Rhine . The property, whose current name has only been handed down since the 16th century, was first mentioned in a document in the 15th century and was elected as a state parliament in the 18th century . It is privately owned and only open to visitors during a few public events.

history

Haus Eyll was first mentioned as meyersdonck en nyenhoff in an inheritance contract dated July 21, 1432 between the siblings Johann, Wilhelm and Katharina von Bocholtz . It stipulated that the court should go to Gerhard von Eyll and his wife Elisabeth von Bocholtz. The von Eyll family, whose name passed to the property over time, remained at least partial owners of the complex until the beginning of the 17th century. Since 1539 at the latest, this has belonged to the estate of the Vlassrath House, one kilometer downstream . At that time Eyll consisted of a courtyard and a wooden tower, which were protected by a moat and a wall covered with a hedge. At the beginning of the 17th century, Bernhard von Riswick came into possession of part of the Eyll House, which was lent to Hermann Pasch in 1637 .

In 1646, the then governor of the Straelen fortress , which was under Spanish rule , Arnold von Krümmel, Herr zu Raff , and his wife Anna Margaretha von Spicker from Hermann Pasch, Jan Jouckers as well as Thoenis and Maeth to Loey, bought Eyll for 500  Reichstaler . In 1647 they also bought the second half of the house from Heinrich Straetmanns, so that the splintered property was reunited in one hand. After Arnold's death in 1649, his widow married Jacques Simon de Varo, Baron von Magny, from France at Christmas 1650 . The couple initially lived at House Eyll, but in 1660 they moved to the larger Caen House , which they owned and had it completely redesigned in the following years.

Jacques Simon de Varo passed the Eyll house on to his eldest daughter Anna Maria Philippina in 1675, who in 1680 married Lieutenant Colonel Johann Josef de Permiliack de Belcastel, who was in Spanish service . Together with him, she had Haus Eyll rebuilt in 1681, as evidenced by wall anchors in the form of this year on the facade of the building. After the death of her husband, she married Johann Heinrich Adolf von Horst von Heimerzheim, third in 1699. The new master fought in a lengthy process with the Siegburg Abbey of Sankt Michael about fishing rights in the Niers. Since several proceedings against Johann Heinrich Adolf von Horst von Heimerzheim were pending in the course of this dispute, his house Eyll was - probably after 1724 - revoked the knightly qualification and thus the state parliament.

Illustration of the House of Eyll on a map from 1831

Around 1750 the property with stables , gardens as well as hunting and fishing rights was to be auctioned because of high debts. From 1752 it was owned by Count Alphons Marsilius von Varille, who subsequently leased it . How long he owner remained unknown, but the feudal lord sold the house Eyll, Arnold Carl von Varo it in 1765 to the Guelders war and Domänenrat Gottlieb Ludwig Plesmann that the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm II. To October 18, 1786 in Nobility was raised. He apparently only used the complex as a country residence, and the buildings have been inhabited exclusively by tenants since the end of the 18th century. After Plesmann's death on October 18, 1793, Haus Eyll inherited the son from his wife's first marriage, Gerhard Friedrich Ammon. However, he did not use it as a residence, but lived at Walbeck Castle in Geldern . Since 1818 at the latest he tried to sell Haus Eyll, which he did not succeed at first, because he was guaranteed as the owner as late as 1827. Shortly thereafter, the property came to the Elberfeld industrialist Heinrich Kamp , who sold it to the Neuss merchant Jacob Le Hanne in 1855 . His son Ludwig had the entire inventory of the house auctioned in 1889.

In 1896, the imperial baron Rudolph Adolph Geyr von Schweppenburg, residing on House Caen, acquired House Eyll and 145  acres . After his death it remained for the time being as a joint property of the community of heirs consisting of his seven children. Only in 1946 was an inheritance divided. Eyll had their daughter Agnes, married by Kempis, who passed it on to her daughter Mariagnes in 1949. On May 31 of the same year, she married former Lieutenant General Bruno Frankewitz from East Prussia . Their son, Stefan, succeeded the couple as owners in 1969. Since the agricultural use of the facility was discontinued in 1995, it is now used almost exclusively for residential purposes.

description

Schematic site plan

The two-part system is located on the western bank of the Niers , which flowed by just a few meters behind the manor house until it was straightened in 1953 . House Eyll is located roughly in the middle between the two nearby mansions Vlassrath and Caen.

The fact that Eyll was a former moated castle is still shown today by the now silted-up, but still clearly recognizable moat that surrounds an area of ​​around eight square meters. A 400 meter long, straight avenue leads to this from the west . It marks a central longitudinal axis through the property, which in an imaginary way continues in the east behind the manor house to the east side of the Niers and there again meets a straight path. Halfway to the manor house, on the southern side of the road, is the former bakery , on which a little holy house with a statue of Mary, built around 1900 and consecrated in 1993, is leaning. Over a brick bridge made of brick, which is flanked by two reclining lion sculptures, the avenue leads over the moat to the courtyard of the house, which is surrounded on three sides by farm buildings. The oldest building of the outer bailey is its western part of the north wing from the 17th century.

Floor plans of the manor house

The pigeon tower of the facility is an architectural specialty . Built in 1860/70 in historicizing forms, it may have replaced an older pigeon house, as one has been handed down for Haus Eyll as early as 1666. It is a two-storey brick building with pointed arched windows and various friezes as building decor. Its flat pyramid roof is crowned by a weather vane with the year 1945. The year 1855 on a keystone commemorates the purchase of the property by Jacob Le Hanne. After a renovation, the tower has been used for residential purposes since 1995. The only similar building of this type on the Lower Rhine is the pigeon house of the Graefenthal monastery . Up until 1924 there was a second tower of the same type on the opposite side of the outer courtyard at Haus Eyll, but this was put down in the course of the construction of a cow barn. The Tranchot map from the beginning of the 19th century still recorded both Eyller pigeon towers.

To the east of the farm building is the simple, two-story mansion with a hipped roof , which was renovated in 1981 . The rectangular brick building has a ground plan measuring 22.40 × 13.70 meters, its masonry - with the exception of the east facade - has been plastered since the 1920s and has a light yellow paint. Traces of construction show that the construction of a tower in front of the building was originally planned in the middle of the west facade facing the outer bailey. The western face is now divided into five axes by windows. Wall anchors in the form of the year 1681 remind of the construction of the building, the northern part of which has a cellar. The southern part of the ground floor used to be occupied by a large hall before it was divided into three rooms by adding additional walls in the late 18th century or early 19th century. Next to it was the kitchen with a fireplace nearly six feet wide. The upper floor of the house essentially repeats the layout of the ground floor. The two floors are connected by the only piece of equipment still preserved from the time it was built: an oak staircase that is more than 300 years old .

literature

  • Stefan Frankewitz : "die meyersdonck en den nyenhoff". On the history of the House of Eyll bei Straelen up to 1681 . In: Gregor Hövelmann (Ed.): Jews in Geldern . Verlag des Historisches Verein für Geldern and the surrounding area, Geldern 1982, ISBN 3-921760-09-7 , pp. 101–120.
  • Stefan Frankewitz: Castles, palaces, mansions on the banks of the Niers . 1st edition. Boss, Kleve 1997, ISBN 3-9805931-0-X , pp. 165-172.
  • Stefan Frankewitz: The Lower Rhine and its castles, mansions mansions along the Niers . Boss, Geldern 2011, ISBN 978-3-941559-13-4 , pp. 321–337.
  • Adolf Kaul: Geldrische castles, palaces and mansions . Butzon & Bercker, Kevelaer 1977, ISBN 3-7666-8952-5 , pp. 36-37.

Web links

Commons : Haus Eyll  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e A. Kaul: Geldrische Burgen, Schlösser und Herrenssitz , p. 37.
  2. ↑ S. Frankewitz: Burgen, Schlösser, Herrenhäuser on the banks of the Niers , p. 166.
  3. ^ S. Frankewitz: The Lower Rhine and its castles, castles, mansions along the Niers , p. 51.
  4. ↑ a b S. Frankewitz: "die meyersdonck en den nyenhoff" , p. 109.
  5. ↑ a b S. Frankewitz: The Lower Rhine and its castles, castles, mansions along the Niers , p. 354.
  6. ↑ a b c d e S. Frankewitz: The Lower Rhine and its castles, castles, mansions along the Niers , p. 359.
  7. ↑ Information according to the topographic map for Straelen available online
  8. ^ S. Frankewitz: The Lower Rhine and its castles, castles, mansions along the Niers , p. 363.
  9. ^ S. Frankewitz: The Lower Rhine and its castles, castles, mansions along the Niers , p. 361.
  10. ^ S. Frankewitz: "die meyersdonck en den nyenhoff" , p. 120.
  11. ↑ a b S. Frankewitz: "die meyersdonck en den nyenhoff" , p. 116.

Coordinates: 51 ° 27 '17.2 "  N , 6 ° 18' 5.6"  E