House Madonna
Distribution map of the house madonnas in Germany |
The house Madonna , more rarely "house Maria", is a special type of image of the Virgin Mary on house corners or above house portals, but also on church portals, public buildings and city gates.
The most common types of images include the protective mantle Madonna , the Immaculata , the crescent moon Madonna (Madonna in a halo) or Mary with child as a bust . House madonnas are formally designed as full sculptures, but there are also occasional reliefs or wall paintings. The type cited are mostly portraits of Mary from the treasure trove of Marian veneration .
House Madonna (copy) as Queen of Heaven with lily scepter and wreath of stars on the snake and the globe, Blasiusgasse 9 in Würzburg
House Madonna of Jakob van der Auwera in Würzburg, around 1713 (today in Domerpfarrgasse 10)
Crescent Madonna with Child, Cologne, Landsbergstr. 16
Black Madonna as House Madonna in Prague, Czech Republic
House Madonnas in Germany
Mostly in connection with the Counter-Reformation there are artistic re-imprints such as in Germany by Antonio Bossi (Würzburger Hofstukkateur) and Ignaz Günther . Accordingly, the distribution area lies between Cologne , the Rhine-Main area with Würzburg and southern Germany with the core area of Munich and on the territory of the former Habsburg Empire . The corresponding representations show clear differences in the ecclesiastical administrative areas.
Due to the high population density in centers such as Würzburg, the house Madonna has been the subject of research in regional art history since the 1920s. Some of the first Baroque housemaids of Würzburg, verifiable as early as 1700, were attributed to the Karlstadt sculptor and wood carver Johann Caspar Brandt (1652–1701). In the inner city of Würzburg alone around 200 house moms have been identified. One of the most important Würzburg house madonnas is a crescent moon madonna created by the court sculptor Jakob van der Auwera from Mechlin around 1713 , formerly at the house at Oberen Johannitergasse 17. In the former bishopric of Würzburg , for example, the Nordheim Madonna and Madonnas can be found in the so-called Madonnenländchen .
literature
- Ulrich Heiss, Stefanie Müller: House administrators in Augsburg. History - meaning - inventory. altaugsburggesellschaft, 2013, ISBN 978-3-422-07183-4 .
- Annette Wöhrlin: Mainz housemaid. On the trail of 60 works of art. 2008. ISBN 3-93778270-2 .
- Hans Dünninger: House Madonnas and Marian Sodalities: Expressions of baroque Marian piety and their sponsors, presented using the example of the city of Würzburg. In: Willy Schmitt-Lieb (Hrsg.): Image of the Virgin Mary in Transition from 1300-1800. Echter, Würzburg 1987, ISBN 3429011132 , p. 634 ff.
Web links
- House figures and house madonnas in Nuremberg , nuernberginfo.de, accessed on August 16, 2017
- wuerzburgwiki.de: Overview of housemaids in Würzburg .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bruno Bushart: Treasures from the art collections of the city of Augsburg. Himmer, 1967, pp. 122, 167
- ↑ House Madonnas in Augsburg - April 13 to June 23, 2013 ( Memento of the original from August 16, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , augsburg.de, accessed on August 16, 2013
- ↑ Stefan Kummer : Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes; Volume 2: From the Peasants' War in 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814. Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1477-8 , pp. 576–678 and 942–952, here: p. 624.
- ^ Rudolf Edwin Kuhn: Baroque Madonnas in Würzburg. Pro Arte publication, Würzburg (on this GS: From the Franconian literature. , P. 385).
- ↑ Stefan Kummer: Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. 2004, p. 646.
