Small blueberry clamps
| Small blueberry clamps | ||||||||||||
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Blueberry snake ( Scopula ternata ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Scopula ternata | ||||||||||||
| ( Closet , 1802) |
The Scopula Ternata ( Scopula ternata ) is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the tensioner (Geometridae).
features
The moths reach a wingspan of 24 to 29 millimeters (males) and 21 to 25 millimeters (females). In Northern Europe and Scotland, the males are also slightly smaller on average (22 to 26 millimeters). The basic color is pale brown to pale yellow with gray over-dusting. Usually the males are more dusty than the females. The transverse lines are only slightly contrasted. The inner transverse line is often almost completely extinguished. The central band and outer transverse line, on the other hand, are usually present, the outer transverse line is usually most strongly developed. The wavy line is also seldom weak, the hemline can be indicated in the female by interrupted stripes. Discal spots are missing on the fore and hind wings.
The egg is roughly cylindrical with flattened ends. The outside is covered with 17 to 18 longitudinal ribs that intersect with finer transverse ribs. It is light yellow at first and later becomes spotted red.
The caterpillar is relatively long and slender, and has a lateral fold of skin. It is reddish-gray in color and has a double, dark, but interrupted topline. It is somewhat wider in the segment incisions. A broad sideline is also very noticeable.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The blueberry sprout occurs predominantly in Northern Europe and parts of Central Europe, with smaller runners and isolated occurrences in Southern and Southeastern Europe. In the west, the occurrence is limited to eastern France (French Alps, Alsace-Lorraine), eastern Belgium and Scotland, with an isolated occurrence in the Pyrenees . In the north the distribution extends to the Arctic Circle, in the south the Alps form the border. Further to the east, a spur extends to the Southern Carpathians. There are isolated occurrences in some mountains of the Balkan Peninsula, for example in the border area of Bosnia-Herzegovina , Serbia , Montenegro and Albania as well as in western Bulgaria. In the east the species is found across central and northern Russia to the Urals and from there to Siberia to the Yenisei . It is proven in the Altai and the Sajan Mountains as well as in Mongolia . In Northern Europe it can be found from sea level to around 1000 meters. In the Alps it rises up to 2000 meters. In Central Europe it is mostly absent in the warmer lowland regions; it is usually found there between 600 and 2500 meters.
The species is a typical boreal-montane species. The range largely coincides with the occurrence of the main food plant of the caterpillars, the bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus ). It is therefore mostly limited to acidic soils on silicate or sandy subsoil. Open habitats with blueberry stocks, heather, on the edge of peat cuttings as well as clearings and edges of Scots pine forests ( Pinus sylvestris ) are preferred.
Phenology and way of life
The species is exclusively univoltin , i.e. H. only one generation is formed. The moths appear in warmer regions of the range in late May and fly until late July. In the mountains and in Northern Europe they only fly from the end of June and then until mid-August. The moths rest in the morning in the vegetation, where they can be scared off easily. They then fly in the afternoon in search of flowers and are crepuscular and nocturnal. They are attracted by artificial light sources.
The caterpillars grow very slowly. They feed primarily on blueberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus ) Bilberry ( Vaccinium uliginosum ), heather ( Calluna vulgaris ), blackness Santander pea ( Lathyrus niger ), creeping willow ( Salix repens ) and heather ( Erica ). In breeding, however, caterpillars have also been grown with leaves of Tatar honeysuckle ( Lonicera tatarica ), chickweed ( Stellaria ), bird knotweed ( Polygonum aviculare ), forest strawberry ( Fragaria vesca ), garden lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ) and common dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale ) successfully fed. The caterpillars overwinter and pupate in spring in a loose cocoon on the food plant.
Systematics
The species was scientifically described for the first time in 1802 by Franz von Paula Wardrobe as Scopula ternata . It was later described under nine other names, all of which are younger synonyms of Scopula ternata .
Danger
The species is classified in the Red List of Hamburg, North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate in category 2 (endangered), in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania it is in category 3 (endangered).
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Individual evidence
- ↑ UKMoths ( Memento of the original from December 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Red lists in science4you
literature
- Arno Bergmann: The large butterflies of Central Germany. Volume 5/1: Spanner. Distribution, forms and communities. Urania-Verlag, Jena 1955, DNB 450378403 .
- Günter Ebert (Hrsg.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 8, Nachtfalter VI (Spanner (Geometridae) 1st part), Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-800-13497-7
- Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
- Axel Hausmann: The Geometrid moths of Europe, 2nd Sterrhinae. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2004, ISBN 8-788-75737-4
