Blackening pea

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Blackening pea
Blackening pea (Lathyrus niger)

Blackening pea ( Lathyrus niger )

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Fabeae
Genre : Flat peas ( Lathyrus )
Type : Blackening pea
Scientific name
Lathyrus niger
( L. ) Bernh.

The blackening flat pea ( Lathyrus niger ), also called black growing flat pea , black flat pea or dark flat pea , is a species of the genus flat pea ( Lathyrus ) in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae). It is widespread in Eurasia and North Africa.

description

Flowers in detail

Appearance and leaf

The blackening flat pea is a perennial herbaceous plant with a short, thick, woody "rhizome". The stem is usually bare, cloudy green and usually dark brown to black brown when dry. The stem usually grows solitary and upright, more or less 30 to 90 centimeters high, mostly knotty, with two or four strong edges, rather thin and soft, the youngest parts are more or less short haired.

The leaves are clearly two-lined, about 4 to 9 centimeters long, equipped with four to six pairs of leaflets and provided with a short, rarely tendril-like elongated tip, tapering spindle. The leaflets are elliptical to ovate, rarely linear, more or less 1 to 3 centimeters long and 5 to 11 millimeters wide, usually blunt and short-pointed, fairly thin, glabrous, with networked pinnate veins, dull on both sides and slightly lighter on the underside. The stipules are barely half as long as the leaflets and semi-arrow-shaped.

Inflorescence and flower

Herbarium evidence
Blackening pea ( Lathyrus niger )
Blossom, the crown removed in the second picture from the bottom and the stamen tube and style visible

The flowering period is from May to July. The traubigen inflorescences are on one side shorter three times as long as the leaves, protruding with arching equipped adjacent hairy axes and usually three to ten flowers smaller in the armpits, frail bracts supporting. The flower stalks are 2 to 3 millimeters long.

The flowers are 10 to 12 millimeters long, zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx is bell-shaped, mostly reddish or brown overflowing, crookedly trimmed and provided with short, triangular teeth. The crown has the typical shape of the butterfly flower , is cloudy purple to brownish and becomes purple when withering. The flag is folded and hardly longer than the much lighter boat , the wings are slightly shorter.

Fruit and seeds

The protruding legumes are 4.5 to 6 centimeters long and 4 to 6 millimeters wide, linear, flattened, smooth, indistinctly reticulate, turn black when ripe and contain about ten seeds. The olive-green to brown, smooth seeds are rounded to ovoid.

Chromosome set

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

Occurrence

Lathyrus niger is widespread in Europe, to the north to southern Scandinavia , to the east to Russia , the Caucasus , the Balkan Peninsula as well as Italy , southern France , the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa.

This article or paragraph presents the situation in Germany . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

In Germany , the blackening flat pea occurs mainly in the center and south. It is partly widespread there, but rarely. In Bavaria it is mainly found north of the Danube.

The blackening pea is an extremely warmth- loving forest plant . It prefers south-facing slopes on mineral soils . It occurs most frequently in sparse deciduous forests , but also in pine forests on soil that is not too dry and slightly calcareous. It also likes to appear on the edge of the forest. Phytosociological it is in Central Europe a trim characteristic species of order Quercetalia pubescentis, but also comes in Carpinion companies and Geranion sanguinei companies before.

Systematics

It was first published in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Orobus niger by Carl von Linné . The new combination to Lathyrus niger (L.) Bernh. was published by Johann Jakob Bernhardi . The specific epithet niger is derived from the fact that the leaves turn black when drying.

There are two subspecies of Lathyrus niger in Europe :

  • Lathyrus niger (L.) Bernh. subsp. niger ; it is the common subspecies in Europe
  • Lathyrus niger subsp. jordanii (Ten.) Arcangeli : It differs in its tuberous, thickened roots and occurs only in southern Italy and Corsica .

literature

  • Gustav Hegi, H. Gams, H. Marzell: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume IV. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (5) (Leguminosae - Tropaeolaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1964, ISBN 3-489-70020-1 (unchanged reprint from 1923-1924 with addendum).
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 2nd expanded edition. tape 2 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Dilleniidae): Hypericaceae to Primulaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3323-7 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lathyrus niger (L.) Bernh., Black flat pea. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 , pp.  616 .
  3. ↑ Werner Greuter , HM Burdet, G. Long: Med Checklist . Volume 4, page 121, Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Genève 1989. ISBN 2-8277-0154-5

Web links

Commons : Blackening Pea ( Lathyrus niger )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files