Tatar honeysuckle
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Tatar honeysuckle ( Lonicera tatarica ) |
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The Tartar honeysuckle ( Lonicera tatarica ) is a species in the genus of honeysuckle ( Lonicera ) from the family of the Caprifoliaceae (Caprifoliaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Tatar honeysuckle grows as a deciduous, upright shrub with stature heights of mostly 3 (1 to 4) meters. The branched, horizontally protruding or arched branches initially have a pith that turns brown, and later they are hollow. The bark is gray and bare with age. The green parts of the plant are more or less frosted. The small winter buds have four pairs of egg-shaped bud scales.
The opposite arranged leaves have a 2 to 6 mm long petiole. With a length of 3 to 5 cm and a width of 1 to 2 cm, the simple leaf blade is ovate to ovate-elongated, sometimes elongated with a slightly heart-shaped or rounded base and usually a pointed or blunt tip and ciliate leaf margin. Both leaf surfaces are glabrous or sparse, sometimes with distinctly downy hairs, the upper side of the leaf is dark green and the underside of the leaf light to bluish green.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from May to June. The inflorescences standing laterally on a 1 to 2 cm long (similar to the corolla) inflorescence stem are reduced to only one pair of flowers. The pair of opposite bracts are linear to obovate-lanceolate with a length of 2 to 7 mm. The two pairs of opposite, free, ciliate bracts are with a length of 1 mm, sometimes as long as that of the ovary and circular-ovoid.
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five calyx teeth are triangular-lanceolate with a length of up to 1 mm. The color of the petals ranges from light pink to dark red, sometimes white or from pink to yellow when it fades. The 1.5 to 2 cm long petals are fused into a 5 to 6 mm long tube, which is slightly curved at its base. The crown ends with two lips. The upper lip is four-lobed, the two lateral lobes are deeply divided and spread out and the two central lobes are only slightly divided. The lower lip is curved back. The two neighboring ovaries are not grown together. The five stamens and the all over fluffy hairy style tower above the crown.
The spherical berries with a diameter of 5 to 6 mm ripen from July to September and turn light red, scarlet, yellow-orange to yellowish. The seeds are 2 to 2.3 mm in size and are smooth with concave spots.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
Synecology
The pollination is done by hoverflies . The berries are a welcome bird food. The Tatar honeysuckle is a caterpillar forage plant oligophagous in the honeysuckle caped owl ( Callierges ramosa ) (Esper, 1786) and polyphagous in the double-toothed spider ( Odontopera bidentata ) (Clerck, 1759) from the spanner family (Geometridae).
Occurrence
The natural home of the Tatar honeysuckle in Western Siberia and Central Asia : in Japan , Korea , Kyrgyzstan , in the Chinese provinces of Hebei (not secured), Heilongjiang , Liaoning , northern Xinjiang and in Russia in the south-eastern European part and in western Siberia .
It is naturalized in France , the Iberian Peninsula , Central Europe and North America , so it appears strongly as a neophyte . In Europe it is sometimes used deliberately as a landscape wood.
In China it thrives on the edges of forests and in bushes at altitudes between 700 and 1,600 meters.
Systematics
The first publication of Lonicera tatarica was in 1753 by Carl von Linné . Synonyms for Lonicera tatarica L. are, for example: Lonicera tatarica var. Latifolia Loudon , Lonicera tatarica f. sibirica (Pers.) Rehder , Lonicera tatarica var. sibirica Pers.
Of Lonicera tatarica there are at least three varieties:
- Lonicera tatarica L. var. Tatarica
- Lonicera tatarica var. Micrantha Trautv. (Syn .: Lonicera micrantha (Trautv.) Regel ): It occurs in Xinjiang and western Siberia.
- Lonicera tatarica var. Parvifolia H. Jaeger (Syn .: Lonicera parvifolia Hayne )
use
The varieties are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens.
Some varieties are: 'Arnold's Red' and 'Hack's Red'.
swell
- Qiner Yang, Sven Landrein, Joanna Osborne, Renata Borosova: Caprifoliaceae . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Volume 19: Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae . Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3 , pp. 633: Lonicera tatarica (English, Lonicera tatarica - online ). (Section description, systematics and dissemination)
- Tatar honeysuckle. In: FloraWeb.de. (Section description and caterpillar forage plant)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lonicera tatarica , chromosome number at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b Werner Rothmaler (greeting), Hermann Meusel , Rudolf Schubert: Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG: vascular plants. 7th, heavily edited u. supplementary edition. People and Knowledge, Berlin 1972, p. 344.
- ↑ a b c d e Lonicera tatarica in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ^ E. von Raab-Straube (2017+): Caprifoliaceae. - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Caprifoliaceae
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae 1753, p. 173, digitized
Web links
- Lonicera tatarica L., Tatar honeysuckle. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Tatar honeysuckle . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Lonicera tatarica L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved March 30, 2016.
- Thomas Meyer: Honeysuckle data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- Characteristics.