Heidelberg romance
Heidelberg Romanticism is the name for a group (main representatives: Achim von Arnim , Clemens Brentano ) within German Romanticism . The authors who belong to it are a few years younger (dates of birth around 1780) than the representatives of the theory-oriented Jena Early Romanticism (who were born around 1770), whose theoretical concepts they follow and whose literary works they critically refer to. An alternative name is Younger Romanticism . The term " high romanticism" introduced by Hermann August Korff is rarely used today .
Problems of the history of science
The term has only been used for the internal periodization of Romanticism since the beginning of the 20th century ( Josef Nadler , Alfred Baeumler ). This was preceded by a mention of Joseph von Eichendorff in his work "Halle und Heidelberg" (1857): "Heidelberg is a splendid romanticism itself". Since the investigations by Karl Otto Frey, it has been proven that he never met Achim von Arnim and Brentano and that there was not even “even a fleeting encounter”. Due to his absence and the fact that his diary entries mostly only briefly recapitulated the highlights of each month and mainly reported on meals and excursions, it is questionable whether his memories always reflect the truth. The argument of authority about the presence of the “Heidelberg Romanticism” has long since become obsolete.
Since the intensive literary research of this epoch coincided with the replacement of literary positivism by the so-called intellectual history , the more problematic features of this type of literary study, such as the one - sometimes operated under nationalistic and anti-Semitic auspices - also flowed into the literary history of Heidelberg Romanticism . Rejection of the Enlightenment and the substantiation of the popular term , from which literary studies only broke away again in the 1950s. Newer writers of literary stories, such as Gerhard Schulz, have tried to put an end to these problematic developments by emphasizing sobriety and avoiding overly generalizing claims.
story
The term Heidelberg Romanticism goes back to the fact that between 1804 and 1809 several authors attributed to the Romanticism stayed in the university town of Heidelberg . Achim von Arnim and Clemens Brentano worked there on their edition of Des Knaben Wunderhorn and published the newspaper for Einsiedler . The theoretical basis for the desired work was provided by Arnim's essay “Von Volksliedern”, which, turning away from the modern art song, emphasized the particular use of folk songs. At the same time, Joseph Görres taught in Heidelberg for some time . During his stay, he wrote his work The German Folk Books and conceived his mythical history of the Asian world . Friedrich Creuzer , who published his work on Greek mythology during these years, taught as a classical philologist . The brothers Joseph and Wilhelm von Eichendorff stayed in Heidelberg as students. They joined Otto von Loeben but had no contact with Arnim and Brentano.
The Tübingen lyricist Friedrich Hölderlin also spent many productive years in Heidelberg at that time. The sentence passed down from him is: "You, the country towns most beautiful rural as far as I saw."
In addition, the Heidelberg Romanticism includes a number of authors who were not in the city but were in close contact with the writers living there, such as the Brothers Grimm , Karoline von Günderrode and Bettina von Arnim . Collectively, the aforementioned are also called the Heidelberger Kreis .
The numerous journalistic disputes with authors of older generations (especially Johann Heinrich Voss ), who held on to the standards of classicism against the romantic authors, attracted particular attention .
Program
As the song collection Des Knaben Wunderhorn and other publications such as “Die teutschen Volksbücher” (1807) by Joseph Görres show, one of the main objects of the efforts of the younger romantics was the rediscovery of older German literature, which they republished in a revised form. In some of their own works they tried to match the simplicity of the folk tone. However, even the supposedly most popular of these poems are in the tradition of early romantic poetics and, on closer inspection, turn out to be highly artificial structures. The poetological concepts were developed in letter discussions between Arnim and Jacob Grimm about the relationship between natural and art poetry. Turning away from the elements of reflection, criticism and rhetoric in art poetry, the “Heidelberg Romanticism” deals with natural poetry.
The older research claimed that efforts to eradicate buried traditions in German literature were associated with a particularly strong national consciousness, but this cannot be sustained for all younger romantics.
literature
- Urs Büttner: Poiesis of the 'social'. Achim von Arnim's early poetics up to the Heidelberg Romanticism (1800–1808). Berlin, Boston 2015.
- Oscar Fambach: The Romantic Relapse in the Critique of Time. The essential and the controversial reviews from the periodical literature from 1806 to 1815, accompanied by the voices of the environment, in individual presentations . Berlin 1963 (A Century of German Literary Criticism, Vol. 5).
- Herbert Levin: The Heidelberg Romanticism. Prize publication from the Corps Suevia Foundation of Heidelberg University . Munich 1922. (Reliable presentation of all facts about who was in Heidelberg and when)
- Armin Schlechter: The romance in Heidelberg . Brentano, Arnim and Görres am Neckar. Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-8253-5385-8 .
- Gerhard Schulz : The German literature between the French Revolution and Restoration 1789-1830 . 2 vol. Munich 1983/1989 (history of German literature from the beginnings to the present. Founded by Helmut de Boor and Richard Newald. Vol. VII, 1-2).
- Friedrich Strack (Hrsg.): Heidelberg in the secular upheaval. Awareness of tradition and cultural policy around 1800. Stuttgart 1987. (Collection of articles)
- Theodore Ziolkowski : Heidelberg Romanticism. Myth and Symbol. Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-8253-5576-0 .
Web links
- 1804–1809 Heidelberg romanticism: Kurpfälzer mile of innovations. In: meile-der-innovationen.de. Retrieved October 25, 2018 .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Theodore Ziolkowski: Heidelberg Romanticism. Myth and Symbol . Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 2009, p. 79-107 .
- ↑ Katrin Bibiella: The forgotten word II: on the wealth of the German language, Volume 2. P. 12
- ^ Günther Busse: Romanticism: people, motifs, works Herder, Freiburg i.Brg. 1982, ISBN 3-451-17409-X , p. 28.