Hermit newspaper
The newspaper for Einsiedler is a magazine of the Heidelberg romanticism published between April and August 1808 . It was published twice a week until July, in 37 numbers with consecutive column counting by the Heidelberger Verlag Mohr und Zimmer. It was published anonymously by Achim von Arnim with the editorial assistance of Clemens Brentano and Joseph Görres . It was considered the mouthpiece of the Heidelberg Romantics and played an important role in the conflict between Romanticism and Classical , the so-called Sonnet War .
Content and character
The content of the magazine depicts the efforts of the time to achieve a popular idea and a German identity, which is mainly due to the rediscovery of older German literature. However, neither form nor content was fixed: fairy tales , stories , songs and poems are mixed together and science and poetry are combined. A means often used by the young Heidelberg romantics is the use of the sonnet and satire .
Joseph Görres presents the saga of the horned Siegfried and the Nibelung to help people discover folk literature , and Wilhelm Grimm reproduces heroic songs, romances and legends from Danish in German. Jacob Grimm treats in his thoughts: how the legends relate to poetry and history, his theory that history and poetry coincide in the beginning and that the original form of poetry is the epic. This also forms the theoretical basis for the literary understanding of the two brothers, which they followed until their later years. The fairy tale Von den Mahandel Boom in Low German by Philipp Otto Runge , which the Brothers Grimm adopted in their children's and household tales , is also included.
Ludwig Tieck published parts of his adaptation of King Rother puts on a virgin's shoes and the previously unprinted drama Gelo and Genovefa by the Sturm und Drang poet painter Müller , whose writings he was about to publish at the time. Friedrich Schlegel contributed translations from Indian as well as his own poem (On the banks of the Main) and his brother August Wilhelm Schlegel contributed the poem Tells Kapelle bei Küssnacht . There are also contributions by Zacharias Werner (The Stone Bridegroom and His Little Love) , Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué (Request) , Justinus Kerner (Two Coffins) , Friedrich Hölderlin (The Origin of German Poetry) and Ludwig Uhland, who was just 21 at the time . The first poetry by Landshut students around Friedrich Ast can also be found .
Of Clemens Brentano , among others, the satirical parody folk tales originated history and origin of the first Bärnhäuters : A mercenary who is taken yet into hell, neither in the sky, eventually to marry a daughter of "Messalinus Cotta". In the end, however, he decides to take the route of suicide . This is aimed directly against the editor of the Morgenblatt for educated estates Johann Friedrich Cotta . The template for the text was Der first Bärnhäuter (1670) by Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen .
Some of the unsigned contributions and all works published under the pseudonym Einsiedler come from Achim von Arnim .
history
Idea of a magazine
The idea of a magazine circulated for some time between Arnim and Brentano, but was often discarded or postponed by other work, such as the publication of the Knaben Wunderhorn . Brentano took a first step towards carrying out this project when he made the following suggestion in a letter to Johann Georg Zimmer , co-owner of the Mohr & Zimmer publishing house :
"A second suggestion, which I can think of as particularly charming in its execution, would be a newspaper in the style of the Morgenblatt, but entirely as if it were from the time of the Middle Ages, or rather an imaginary literary time."
"Nothing modern, nothing learned, nothing trifled, nothing familiar, nothing boring - a beautiful, charming art chamber that explains itself and in which both young and old like to get excited."
In a letter dated December 2, 1807, Zimmer agreed, with some reservations, to publish such a magazine. At that time, Arnim was in the process of moving from Kassel to Heidelberg to oversee the printing of the last two volumes of Des Knaben Wunderhorn . During a stopover in Frankfurt am Main, he wrote the following words to Brentano:
“Maybe I'll publish my opera omnia in Heidelberg as a newspaper, and what I announced last year under the title of Prussia will now be published under my own name; You also have to send contributions. "
While another letter of January 25, 1808 to Brentano still mentions a critical newspaper “Lügen”, which was supposed to be directed against Johann Heinrich Voss , he decided to implement Zimmer's newspaper draft.
However, he found academic life in Heidelberg completely different after his arrival. The reason for this was the conflicts created by Brentano with the supporters of the classical music, which were also fueled by Görres. Nonetheless, Arnim continued to stick to the idea of the newspaper and wrote the announcement of the most general newspaper towards the end of January , which was printed in the Heidelberg Literature Yearbook in mid-February . Here he also explains the term hermit: He means people who “practice strict penance for idleness”, those who have freed themselves from the context of everyday life and devote themselves completely to study and reading. It was supposed to be published “by a society”, after which the publishing house Mohr and Zimmer made a note that the magazine was meant seriously.
On April 1, 1808, the first issue of the Hermit newspaper appeared.
Sonnet battle near Eichstädt
Johann Heinrich Voss, who had held a professorship in Heidelberg since 1805 and took part in the editing of the Morgenblatt for educated classes , published a review of Gottfried August Bürger's sonnets in the Jenaer Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung edited by his friend Heinrich Karl Abraham Eichstädt . In it, he reduces the sonnet to a “cricket-like rhyme artifice” and a “ring poem” which “degrades the free art of singing”. However, this does not only apply to the citizen who has already died, but Voss also turns against all romantics in his attack: "Can you then, generous proponents of Italian good-natured sounds, cannot you soar over the meanest monotony?"
The "hermits", as those involved in the magazine called themselves, reacted with ridicule in issue 26 of July 29th. It all started with the parody Die Sonnettenschlacht bei Eichstädt , published anonymously by Joseph Görres . In it he tells how the nation of sonnets was slaughtered and exterminated by the ancient verseurs. Only an orphan survives and can escape happily. Under the heading it is immediately noted that the article is directed against Voss' review by quoting the corresponding literature. The further development of the last surviving sonnet is described in Pasquill Der Einsiedler und das Klingding, which was also published anonymously and possibly by Brentano , after the battle of Eichstädt . It is described how the sonnet meets a hermit and begets a new group of sonnets with him. The conversation between the two is held in sonnet form.
A Greek sonnet by August Boeckh , written as early as 1806, appears in the latter text , the name of which is not quoted anywhere. It is in dialogue with the hermit, who, however, does not understand Greek. He only reacts to the word sound of the Greek sonnet, which creates some humorous misunderstandings. However, Boeckh does not seem to have noticed anything of his own contribution to the Einsiedlerzeitung and Voss attributed it to his friend Friedrich Creuzer .
Attachment to the last number
While the newspaper for Einsiedler appeared twice a week from the beginning of April to the end of July, there was a break in August 1808. At the end of August, on the 27th and 30th, Arnim published the last two issues of his magazine and added a 40-column supplement to the last. It contains the final accounts of Arnim with Voss, the story of Mr. Sonet and Fraulein Sonete, Mr. Ottav and Fraulein Terzine , represented in 90 + 3 sonnets. The first 58 sonnets each contain a short, critical comment by a reviewer, some of which are taken verbatim from the citizen's review.
Görres also strikes again here: from him comes the satire Des Poet's Coronation , in which he depicts Voss as "hyperboric Horribiliscribifax", an allusion to the boasting soldiers Horribilicribifax and Daradiridatumdarides from Andreas Gryphius ' Horribilicribifax Teutsch (1663). His servants, consisting of dogs, geese and toads, represent the followers of Voss. The Horribiliscribifax invites the animals to a feast in his hoard, which is an allusion to the numerous feasts in Voss' works. The following also includes the "Adebar Messalinus Cotta", another swipe at Johann Friedrich Cotta, who sits behind the gun and points his telescope at the Karfunkelberg, the hoard of the romantics. The choir of geese is led by the Martens goose, a reference to Georg Friedrich von Martens, who has been teaching in Heidelberg since 1807 . Georg von Reinbeck is mentioned as the monkey Rindbock, the house servant of the Horribiliscribifax. It thus represents an allegory of the situation between the romantic and the rationalist group in Heidelberg.
Comforts loneliness
In the same year the bound edition of the newspaper for hermits appeared under the title Consoling loneliness, old and new sagas and fortune telling, stories and poems , compiled from the unsold copies. Here Achim von Arnim identifies himself as the editor of the magazine. In his foreword To the honored audience , he portrays the readership as personified philistine citizens with a “thick nightcap”, as German Michel , who was “worried” about the newspaper, but was ultimately happy about the posting of the same. This is where his annoyance about the unobjective assessment of his magazine is expressed. Enclosed was a copper by Ludwig Emil Grimm , which portrays this in the form of Johann Caspar Lavater's Physiognomic Fragments .
Brentano had already left Heidelberg at the end of June, Görres resumed his teaching activities in Koblenz at the beginning of October and Arnim left Heidelberg in mid-November, the morning paper for educated classes celebrated this as a triumph over the magazine and the hermits and mocked the publication of the same in book form.
reception
In spite of its short publication time, the magazine succeeded in giving a large number of young German authors a new artistic self-confidence. Joseph von Eichendorff describes the conflict with Voss fifty years later in Halle and Heidelberg and takes the side of the hermits. They also served him as an inspiration in many ways: for example, he took the name Gaston for his story Die Entführung (1839) from the retelling of the life and death of Count Gaston Phöbus von Foix and the sad death of his child Gaston, which was printed in the newspaper for hermits by Clemens Brentano.
The newsletter of the International Arnim Society appears under the title Neue Zeitung für Einsiedler .
expenditure
- Ludwig Achim von Arnim (ed.): Consoling loneliness, old and new legends and fortune telling, stories and poems . Academic publishing bookshop von Mohr, Heidelberg 1808.
- Fridrich Pfaff (ed.): Arnim's consolation loneliness . Academic bookshop von Mohr, Freiburg im Breisgau / Tübingen 1883.
- Achim von Arnim, Clemens Brentano (ed.): Newspaper for hermits . With an afterword to the new edition by Hans Jessen . Cotta , Stuttgart 1962 (licensed by: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft , Darmstadt 1962).
- Gerhard Wolf (Ed.): Achim von Armin: "I am too light to sleep" . Poems, prose, essays, plays, letters and a few coppers from the "Newspaper for Hermits". The morning , Berlin 1983.
- Ludwig Achim von Arnim: works and correspondence. Historical-critical edition. Vol. 6. Newspaper for Hermits. Fictional letters for the Hermit newspaper. Edited by Renate Moering. Vol. 6/1: Text, Vol. 6/2: Commentary. Berlin / Boston: de Gruyter 2014
swell
literature
- Barbara Becker-Cantarino, Friedrich Strack (Ed.): 200 Years of Heidelberg Romanticism . In: Heidelberger Jahrbücher. Volume 51, Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York, NY 2008, ISBN 978-3-540-75233-2 , p. 25 ff.
- Johannes Bobeth: The magazines of romanticism . Haessel , Leipzig 1911.
- Heinrich Hubert Houben, Oskar Franz Walzel: Magazines of the romantic . Behr, Berlin 1904.
- Jakob Koeman: The Grimmelshausen Reception in the Fictional Literature of German Romanticism . Radopi, Amsterdam 1993.
- Fritz Martini, Angela Martini-Wonde: German history of literature . The standard work on the relationships between the individual genres, authors and epochs. Komet, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-89836-381-3 , p. 340. (Licensed edition by Kröner , Stuttgart 1991)
- Friedrich Pfaff: Introduction . In: Arnim's Consolation of Solitude . Mohr, Freiburg im Breisgau / Tübingen 1883, pp. I – XCII.
Individual evidence
- ^ Gerhard Schulz: The German literature between the French Revolution and the restoration . Volume 2. Beck, Munich 1989, p. 265.
- ↑ KHM 47: From the almond tree
- ^ Gerhard Schulz: The German literature between the French Revolution and the restoration . Volume 2. Beck, Munich 1989, p. 95.
- ^ Heinrich WB Zimmer: Johann Georg Zimmer and the Romantics . Heyder and Zimmer, Frankfurt am Main 1888, pp. 178–179.
- ^ Otto Reichel: The publishing house of Mohr and Zimmer in Heidelberg and the Heidelberg Romanticism . Dissertation. Augsburg 1913, pp. 63-64.
- ↑ Reinhold Steig: Achim von Arnim and those close to him . Volume 1. Cotta, Stuttgart 1894, p. 226.
- ↑ Reinhold Steig: Achim von Arnim and those close to him . Volume 1. Cotta, Stuttgart 1894, p. 230.
- ↑ Reinhold Steig: Achim von Arnim and those close to him . Volume 1. Cotta, Stuttgart 1894, p. 229 and 236.
- ↑ Thomas Anz, Rainer Baasner : literary criticism. History, theory, practice . 4th edition. Beck, Munich 2007, p. 59.
- ^ Jenaer Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung . Nos. 128-131 (June 1-4, 1808).
- ↑ It was previously assumed that the text came from Arnim. However, this is doubted by some historians in the following letter from him: "... the report of this battle of Görres and Clemens will appear in the Einsiedler, my story will be published by Mr. Sonet ...". Hermann Grimm: Achim von Arnim and Bettina Brentano . Volume 2. Cotta, Stuttgart 1904, p. 164.
- ^ Theodore Ziolkowski : August Böckh and the "Sonnettenschlacht bei Eichstädt" . In: Friedrich Strack (Ed.): 200 years of Heidelberg romanticism. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, pp. 218-219.
- ^ Theodore Ziolkowski: August Böckh and the "Sonnettenschlacht bei Eichstädt" . In: Friedrich Strack (Ed.): 200 years of Heidelberg romanticism. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, p. 222.
- ^ Jakob Koeman: The Grimmelshausen Reception in the Fictional Literature of the German Romanticism . Radopi, Amsterdam 1993, p. 421.
- ^ Günther Schiwy: Eichendorff. A biography . 2nd revised edition. Beck, Munich 2007, p. 239.
- ↑ Otto Eberhardt: Investigations into the poetic method of Eichendorff . Volume 2. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2004, p. 121.
- ^ Morgenblatt for educated classes . Year 1808, No. 236.
- ^ Morgenblatt for educated classes . Year 1808, No. 276.
- ^ Gerhard Schulz: The German literature between the French Revolution and the restoration . Volume 2. Beck, Munich 1989, p. 96.
- ↑ Otto Eberhardt: Investigations into the poetic method of Eichendorff . Volume 2. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2004, p. 98.
