Otto von Loeben

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Isidorus Orientalis

Otto Heinrich Graf von Loeben (born August 18, 1786 in Dresden , † April 3, 1825 in Dresden) was a German poet of the Romantic movement , also known under the pseudonym Isidorus Orientalis . As a freelance writer he was a friend and pioneer of Joseph von Eichendorff and later belonged to the circle of poets around Ludwig Tieck .

Life

Otto Heinrich Graf von Loeben came from an old, wealthy Saxon-Silesian noble family . He was born in Dresden in 1786 as the son of the cabinet minister and state secretary Otto Ferdinand Graf von Loeben and his wife Maria Karoline, a daughter of the Swedish diplomat Johann August von Greifenheim, and spent his childhood there. He was familiarized with ancient and contemporary literature early on by private tutors. From 1804 Loeben studied law in Wittenberg , but soon gave up the study. Instead, he devoted himself to his literary interests, dealing with the art theories of the romantic movement and, from 1806, with the writings of Novalis .

In 1807 Loeben moved to Heidelberg and became a freelance writer. Together with Joseph von Eichendorff , Wilhelm von Eichendorff and the theologians Wilhelm Budde and Friedrich Strauss , he formed the “Eleusischer Bund” poets' circle there. With Joseph von Eichendorff, who gave Loeben the name “Florens”, he initially had a deep friendship. Eichendorff later distanced himself from Loeben's poetry, but remained on friendly terms with him for many years.

From 1809 Loeben was in Berlin with the brothers Eichendorff, Achim von Arnim , Clemens Brentano , Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué and Adam Müller in relationship. He was friends with Heinrich von Kleist , whom Loeben praised as a playwright and novelist in 1814 in his literary criticism "German words on the views of Frau von Staël and our poetic literature in her work on Germany".

In 1813 Loeben entered the banner of the voluntary Saxons and probably personally experienced how 62 members of this association drowned on April 12, 1814 while trying to cross the Main in Miltenberg . Deeply concerned, he then wrote the epitaph of the so-called "Saxony grave in Miltenberg".

From 1814 Loeben lived in Dresden. Since the count and his family suffered great losses as a result of the war, his financial situation had deteriorated. Loeben was close friends with the poet Helmina von Chézy , who characterized him as a poet and a person in her autobiography.

In 1817 Loeben married Johanna Victoria Gottliebe Countess von Breßler, with whose family he had been friends since childhood. The marriage remained childless.

From 1819 Loeben was part of the circle of poets around Ludwig Tieck , together with Wilhelm von Schütz , Ernst Friedrich Georg Otto von der Malsburg and Friedrich Graf von Kalckreuth . After his health deteriorated steadily from 1822, Loeben underwent magnetic treatment from Justinus Kerner in 1824 . He died in 1825 at the age of 39.

Development as a freelance writer

Loeben wrote novels, short stories, short stories, poems and literary critical writings as a freelance writer, partly under the pseudonym Isidorus Orientalis.

In his early work, Loeben was based on Novalis and the Protestant mystic Jakob Böhme and tried to proclaim a mystical universal religion as a poet prophet. This is z. B. in his first novel Guido from 1808, with which he wanted to complete and surpass Novalis' Heinrich von Ofterdingen . Probably some of the cross and circle figures of Jakob Boehme were also passed on to Joseph von Eichendorff via Loeben during the Heidelberg time and processed there as literary "formulas".

Inspired by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra 's shepherd novel Galatea , Loeben stylized a German Arcadia in the shepherd's and knight's novel Arcadia, written in 1810, and thus carried out the Christian-patriotic turn of the romantic movement.

Overall, however, his early work did not bring him any literary success. Above all, the fantastic, exaggerated, sometimes self-parodying representation was criticized. Thereupon Loeben initially withdrew from the public.

From 1814 Loeben wrote literary critical writings, such as the German words about the views of Frau von Staël of our poetic literature in her work on Germany or the lotus leaves. Fragments of Isidorus from 1817, in which he took up the “early romantic” encyclopedia and Bible project by Novalis and Friedrich Schlegel and interpreted it in a Christian way.

In his late work from 1819 onwards, Loeben turned to historicizing poetry, which was primarily committed to the restoration of old German and southern European literary traditions. Loeben was now more oriented towards the literary market and the entertainment needs of readers and was able to establish himself as a popular poet in public. Almost all of his writings have received favorable reviews in literary magazines. His poem Der Lureleyfels , published in 1821, presumably prompted Heinrich Heine to write his Loreley poem.

Loeben's last, psychological novel Morgensterns Seelenkampf from 1824, an educational novel that was interpreted as a romantic-anti-rationalist reaction to the constitution of psychology as a science and a replica of the novel Anton Reiser by Karl Philipp Moritz , has only survived as a handwriting.

Works

Novels

  • Guido . Novel. Schwan and Götz, Mannheim 1808.
  • Arcadia . A shepherd and chivalric novel. 2 parts. Schöne, Berlin 1811/1812.
  • Morgenstern's soul struggles . A psychological novel (1824). Manuscript of 272 pages in the academy archive of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences.

Stories, short stories, poems

  • Julius and Blanka . Novella. In: Morgenblatt für educated stands No. 139, 140. Cotta, Tübingen 1808.
  • Leaves from the travel book of a devout pilgrim . Poems. Schwan and Götz, Mannheim 1808.
  • Poems . Sander, Berlin 1810.
  • Guilt and innocence . Novella. In: Recreations. Thuringian entertainment paper for the educated . Volume 2, No. 10-12. Keyser, Erfurt 1813.
  • Rose garden . Seals. 2 vols. Brockhaus, Altenburg / Leipzig 1817. (The white horse. The sun children. The pearl and the mayflower. Cephalus and Procris. Ferdusi. Persian knights. The magic nights on the Bosporus.)
  • Love's self-destruction . Novella. In: Urania . Pocket book for women for the year 1817. Brockhaus, Leipzig, pp. 81–110.
  • Leda. Narration . In: Urania to the year 1818. pp. 305–337.
  • Prince Floridio . A fairy tale. In: Urania for the year 1819. pp. 319–370.
  • Ritterehr 'und Minnedienst Old romantic stories. The green bird. The Hawk. The rose mug. Margrave Walter and Griseldis. Christiani, Berlin 1819.
  • Humility of love . Narrative. In: August Gebauer (Ed.): Morgenröthe. 1st part. Büschler, Elberfeld 1819. pp. 144–192.
  • The death warning . Narrative. In: Friedrich Kind (Hrsg.): WG Becker's pocket book for sociable pleasure on the year 1819. Göschen, Leipzig.
  • The princely children . Narrative. In: Cornelia. Paperback for German women for the year 1820. Engelmann, Heidelberg, pp. 124–155.
  • The night adventure . Novella. In: Stephan Schütze (Hrsg.): Pocket book on the year 1820, dedicated to love and friendship . Wilmans, Frankfurt am Main, pp. 271-325.
  • Pansy. A German story . In: WG Becker's pocket book on the year 1820. pp. 78–112.
  • Loreley. A legend from the Rhine . In: Urania. Paperback for 1821 . Pp. 325-344.
  • The funny musicians . Narrative. In: WG Becker's pocket book for the year 1821. pp. 143–196.
  • The madness of Klotar and Countess Sigismunda. A romantic story . Hahn, Altenburg 1821.
  • Narratives . 2 vol. Hilscher, Dresden 1822 and 1824. (The death warning. Lesko and Faniska. The Tunisian and the Pisan. The diamond jewelry. The atonement. The slave ring.)
  • The pilgrim and the Countess Palatine. A knight's song . Groos, Heidelberg and Leipzig 1825.

Critical literary writings

  • German words about Frau von Staël's views of our poetic literature in her work on Germany . Mohr and Zimmer, Heidelberg 1814.
  • A few words in memory of Novalis brother, Karl von Hardenberg . In: Friedrich Kind (ed.): The harp . Vol. 3. Göschen, Leipzig 1816, pp. 351-362.
  • Lotus leaves. Fragments of Isidorus . 2 vols. Kunz , Bamberg / Leipzig 1817.

See also

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Otto von Loeben  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Ludwig Stockinger:  Loeben, Otto Heinrich Graf von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-00196-6 , pp. 23-25 ​​( digitized version ).
  2. ↑ Reinhold Steig: Heinrich von Kleist's Berlin fights. VIII. Otto Heinrich Graf von Loeben and the von Eichendorff brothers . Speemann: Berlin, Stuttgart 1901, pp. 490-496.
  3. ^ Sigismund Rahmer: Heinrich von Kleist as a person and a poet . According to new source research. Reimer, Berlin 1909. 131-135.
  4. ↑ Brief outline of the history of the "Banners of the Voluntary Saxons" ( Memento of the original from February 20, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.grenadierbataillon-von-spiegel.de
  5. ↑ Helmina von Chézy: Unforgotten, Memories from Life: Relocation to Dresden. P. 212ff. Retrieved January 7, 2012
  6. ^ Raimund Pissin: Otto Heinrich Graf von Loeben (Isidorus Orientalis). His life and his works. Behr, Berlin 1905.
  7. ^ Harald Preiß: Otto Heinrich Graf von Loeben: Nobleman and freelance writer in the romantic movement. , P. 21ff.
  8. ^ Harald Preiß: Otto Heinrich Graf von Loeben: Nobleman and freelance writer in the romantic movement. , Pp. 44-47.
  9. ^ Harald Preiß: Otto Heinrich Graf von Loeben: Nobleman and freelance writer in the romantic movement. , P. 68ff.
  10. ^ Harald Preiß: Otto Heinrich Graf von Loeben: Nobleman and freelance writer in the romantic movement. , P. 113ff.
  11. ^ Harald Preiß: Otto Heinrich Graf von Loeben: Nobleman and freelance writer in the romantic movement. , P. 159ff.
  12. ^ Harald Preiß: Otto Heinrich Graf von Loeben: Nobleman and freelance writer in the romantic movement. , P. 180ff.
  13. ^ Harald Preiß: Otto Heinrich Graf von Loeben: Nobleman and freelance writer in the romantic movement. , P. 185ff.
personal data
SURNAME Loeben, Otto von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Loeben, Otto Heinrich Graf von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer and poet of German Romanticism
DATE OF BIRTH August 18, 1786
PLACE OF BIRTH Dresden
DATE OF DEATH April 3, 1825
Place of death Dresden