Heinrich Zweimann

Heinrich Zweimann (* before 1208 in Imbach ; † after 1247 , place of death unknown) was a knight of the Lower Austrian nobility based in Imbach.

Documentary mention

The first documentary evidence of "Heinricus Zaimam" can be found in the Göttweig tradition books , where he is cited as a witness to the donation of a newly created vineyard by "Wernher von Imbach" (Werinhardus de minnebach) to Göttweig Abbey. The dating of this note in the tradition book can be classified around the year 1208.

The second documentary mention can be found in the documents of the Garsten Abbey from March 13, 1247. In this document, Albero von Kuenring and the citizens of Krems , Stein and Linz guarantee a prisoner. It is there that his knighthood is clearly evident from the name "Heinricus miles cognomine zveimannus".

The third document is the deed of foundation of the Dominican convent in Imbach , in which the founder, Truchsess Albero von Feldsberg , and his wife Gisela von Ort , specify the endowment, the building site to be awarded, in more detail. The building site for the monastery (referred to there as Eigengut) is located between Landstrasse (today Kirchengasse in Imbach) and the Krems and borders on the path (in the east) on the border of a farmstead of his relatives, the Starhemberger . The very reason with the courtyard (permanent building) - is quoted in the document - had previously belonged to "Heinrich, called Zweimann" (Heinrici dicti Zwaeimanni). It also clearly shows that the Imbach (Minnebach) rule was at this point in time strongly fragmented by various foundations, officials and the lower nobility.

meaning

Zweimann would have perished in history as one of the many knights of the lower nobility had it not been for his court and land as an essential basis in the endowment for the Dominican convent in Imbach. This meant that the first nuns were able to use his courtyard and the chapel belonging to the place as a temporary monastery complex until today's church and enclosure were completed. To this day, he is mentioned in every literature about the monastery foundation and was venerated as the second donor by the nuns.

His legacy is likely to have survived to the present day. The latest building research has shown that the Romanesque masonry of his former permanent house (courtyard) has been preserved on the area of ​​the former monastery (today Klosterhof 6), which was later used as the novice's wing .

Discussion of the person

Much of the early days of documentation in Austria are still fuzzy. Not all documents are likely to have been digitized and evaluated in a modern form, so that the picture is incomplete.

So Bernhard Pez seems to have had other documents or information when writing the article while the monastery was still in existence in 1715, because in it he calls him "Heinrich Konrad Zweymann" and thus uses a middle name. The source for this is not mentioned. It is currently suspected that Pez could have referred to the old tombstone in Imbach, which is labeled "HIE ... LEIT ... HER ... CHVNRT ..." and was considered the epitaph of two men in the preceding literature .

It is also not clear whether Zweimann had actually died at the time of the foundation or whether he was considered missing. It is quite possible that he took part in a crusade as Miles christianus and was pronounced dead at the time. Paul Herold suspects that the two-man was still alive when the foundation deeds were issued in 1269, as otherwise the addition “pie memorie” would probably have been next to his name.

In a discussion about the three two-man documents, Andreas Zajic points out that the named persons do not necessarily have to be identical, but could only have been related to each other. In any case, the period between the first and last mention is unusually long for the 13th century.

The rather unusual designation “named” (dicti) two-man appearing in the second and third documents also gives cause for thought. It is unclear why he is being addressed here in this form. Possibly this refers to a special dual function (deputy) in the place, another institution or to a religious affiliation. Pongratz also suggests a similar direction by referring to the later attribution of "two man" as a nickname and interpreting it as "member of a college of two men".

Individual evidence

1. ^ Wilhelm Karlin : The hall book of the Benedictine monastery Göttweig. With explanations and a diplomatic appendix. ( Internet archive ), Austrian history sources (Fontes rerum Austriacarum) / II. Diplomataria et Acta,] Volume 8. (= FRA II, 8), Vienna 1855, p. 86, item CCCXXXIII; or in the current version by Adalbert Fuchs ( arrangement ): The tradition books of the Benedictine monastery Göttweig. (FRA II, 69). Vienna / Leipzig 1931, pp. 543 and 669.
2. ↑ Upper Austrian Provincial Archives (AT-OOeLA) : Documents Garsten (1082–1778), 1247 III 13 (original document) in the European document archive Monasterium.net .
3. ^ House, court and state archives (HHStA) : Imbach, Dominikanerinnen (1267–1764) 1269 III 01 (original document from March 1, 1269) in the European document archive Monasterium.net .
4. ^ Andreas H. Zajic: Preliminary remarks on an early history of the Dominican convent Imbach. With an addendum to CDB V / 2 and 3rd Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2007, p. 2 ( online at icar-us.eu).
5. ↑ Thomas Kühtreiber : Entry about Im Turner on Lower Austria Burgen online - Institute for Reality Studies of the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times, University of Salzburg
6. ^ Bernhard Pez: Codex diplomatico-historico-epistolaris ... , Augustae Vind. & Graecii… 1729, p. 116 f.
7. ^ The inscriptions of the political district of Krems , tot. u. edit v. Andreas Zajic ( The German Inscriptions , Volume 72, Vienna Series, Volume 3, Part 3), Vienna 2008, cat.no.8 .
8. ^ Paul A. Herold: The Lords of Seefeld-Feldsberg. History of a (Lower) Austrian noble family in the Middle Ages (= Niederösterreichische Schriften. Volume 119). Ed .: Office of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government, St. Pölten 2000, ISBN 978-3-85006-118-6 , p. 117.
9. ^ Andreas Zajic, Austrian Academy of Sciences, correspondence May 16, 2013.
10. ^ Walter Pongratz: The oldest family names in the Waldviertel. Ed .: Waldviertler Heimatbund. 2. improved and extended edition, 1986. ISBN 3-900708-00-2 , page 163 (referring to the designation of a "Zwemann" in the land register of Zwettl of 1457 or Urbar the pin Zwettl 1499).