Helene Croner

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Helene Croner (born February 27, 1885 in Berlin ; died after July 1943 in the Auschwitz concentration camp ) was a German violinist , violist and music teacher . It was the end of June 1943 to the Auschwitz concentration camp deported and was a member of the inmate orchestra of Auschwitz .

life and work

Helene Croner was born in Berlin in 1885 as the second of three daughters of Anna Ida Croner, born in Lyck in East Prussia . Flatau and the Jewish accountant Abraham Croner.

After completing her school education, Helene Croner studied violin from 1902 to 1906 at the Royal Academic University for Performing Music with Carl Markees and Joseph Joachim . After completing her training, she worked as a music teacher and performed both privately and publicly as a violinist, violist and chamber musician in Berlin. So she played u. a. in the house of Sophie Koner , together with the children of Georg Klemperer in 1909 the violin in Joseph Haydn's children 's symphony . In February 1914 she made her debut alongside Palma von Paszthory, Elfriede Hausmann and Marie Hahn in the newly founded Paszthory Quartet with works by Mozart .

In 1920 she founded the Petzko-Schubert Quartet with Therese Petzko-Schubert, Anita Ricardo Rocamora and Sela Trau . Among other things, they made guest appearances on November 17, 1920 in the Meister-Saal in Berlin, on March 9, 1921 with the string quartet in E flat major, op. 109 by Max Reger and in November 1922 with Anton Bruckner's string quintet in F major. In the string quartets, Helene Croner usually took on the role of the violist. In the early 1920s she performed with other artists, primarily students of Joseph Joachim, in Berlin, a. a. as a trio with Elisabeth Lesser-Cohn and Annie Luxemburg or with the Wietrowetz Quartet , which was founded by Gabriele Wietrowetz . In 1928 she performed as an orchestral musician under the concertmaster August Heinrich Bruinier .

From 1923 she taught violin at the Stern Conservatory .

After the National Socialists came to power , Jewish artists were increasingly marginalized and deprived of their performance opportunities. Helene Croner's application for admission to the Reichsmusikkammer was rejected by Peter Raabe on August 22, 1935 and the artist was banned from performing. Together with her younger sister Charlotte ("Lola") Croner, a flautist, and her widowed mother, she lived in an apartment in Berlin-Schöneberg at Eisenacher Strasse 119 until the end of the 1930s . Helene and Charlotte Croner were born in 1938 and 1941, respectively on behalf of the NSDAP published anti-Semitic publications "Judaism and music - with an ABC of Jewish and non-Aryan music zealous" and "Encyclopedia of Jews in music" recorded.

After the rejection of the objection to the ban on performing and the refusal of admission to the Reichsmusikkammer in July 1937, Helene Croner performed as a violist or second violinist together with Morduch Finkelstein, Alfred Schlesinger and Walter Freund with the string quartet of the Kulturbund Deutscher Juden in Berlin. Until the dissolution and the ban of the Jewish cultural association in September 1941, she also made guest appearances in the context of so-called colorful evenings in other cities in the Reich. One of the last public appearances of the string quartet took place on January 18, 1941 in Berlin. On this occasion, works by Luigi Boccherini , Peter Tschaikowski and Alexander Borodin were performed.

On May 19, 1943, Helene and Charlotte Croner were asked to go to the Grosse Hamburger Strasse assembly camp in Berlin. From here the sisters were deported on June 28, 1943 on the 39th transport to the Auschwitz extermination camp . Because of their musical talent, both were assigned to the prisoner orchestra in Auschwitz. In August 1943, the trail of Helena Croner is lost in Auschwitz.

Her sister Charlotte ("Lola") and her mother Anna Ida Croner also did not survive the Holocaust : While Charlotte Croner and the other Jewish members of the girls' orchestra were probably abducted to Bergen-Belsen at the end of October 1944 and perished there, Anna Ida Croner was killed on Deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto on December 4, 1942 , where she died on February 23, 1943.

repertoire

In addition to classical chamber music by Mozart and Haydn, Helene Croner's stage repertoire also included works by Max Reger, Bedřich Smetana , Antonín Dvořák , Peter Tschaikowski, Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy , and others. a .:

  • Luigi Boccherini: String Quartet in A major; String Quintet in D minor, Op. 10 No. 2; String Quintet in E major, op.13
  • Alexander Borodin: String Quartet No. 2 in D major
  • Anton Bruckner: String Quintet in F major, WAB 112
  • Antonín Dvořák: String Quartet in E flat major, op. 51; Trio for two violins and viola in C major, op.74
  • Joseph Haydn: Children's Symphony
  • Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy: String Quartet in E flat major, op.12
  • Max Reger: String Quartet in E flat major, op.109
  • Franz Schubert: String Quartet in C major, op.163
  • Bedřich Smetana: String Quartet No. 1 in E minor From my life
  • Sergej Tanew : String Quartet in A major, op.13
  • Peter Tschaikowsky: String Quartet in E flat minor, op. 30
  • Giuseppe Verdi : String Quartet in E minor
  • Karl Wiener : incidental music for William Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Helene Croner. University of Music and Drama, accessed on January 27, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Sophie Koner / 1909 Children's Symphony with Sofie Koner photo.jpg. Retrieved January 27, 2020 .
  3. ↑ concert review . In: The music . tape XIII , no. 1913-1914 , 1914, pp. 245 .
  4. ↑ Schedule from November 15 to 26, 1920. In: Konzertführer Berlin-Brandenburg 1920-2012. Retrieved January 27, 2020 .
  5. ^ Reichstheaterkammer (Hrsg.): German stage yearbook: Theater history year and address book . tape 39 , 1928, pp. 841 .
  6. ↑ List of teachers at the Stern Conservatory (1850–1936)
  7. ↑ Müller-Wesemann, Barbara: Theater as spiritual resistance: the Jüdische Kulturbund in Hamburg 1934-1941 . Springer, Berlin 2016, ISBN 3-476-04262-6 , pp. 191 .
  8. ↑ Helene Croner memorial sheet. In: Memorial book for the victims of the persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist tyranny in Germany 1933-1945. Federal Archives, January 27, 2020, accessed on January 27, 2020 .
  9. ↑ Deportation list of the 39th Osttransport from Berlin to Auschwitz. Retrieved January 27, 2020 .
  10. ↑ theirs were so many names. In: The Girls in the Auschwitz Band. March 27, 2018, accessed January 27, 2020 .
  11. ↑ a b Thegirlsintheauschwitzband: from one Hell to another. In: The Girls in the Auschwitz Band. March 28, 2018, accessed January 27, 2020 .
  12. ↑ Memorial sheet Anna Ida Croner. In: Memorial book for the victims of the persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist tyranny in Germany 1933-1945. Federal Archives, accessed on January 27, 2020 .
  13. ↑ Silke Wenzel: Helene Croner's repertoire. In: MUGI. Music education and gender research: Lexicon and multimedia presentations. University of Music and Theater, 2008, accessed January 27, 2010 .

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Croner, Helene
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Croner, Sara Helene Felicia (full name at birth); Croner, Helena; Kroner, Helena; Kroner Helene
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German violinist, violist and music teacher
DATE OF BIRTH February 27, 1885
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH after July 1943
Place of death Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp