Hermann von Maltzan (Bishop)

Hermann von Maltzan († July 7, 1322 in Bützow ) was canon from 1299 to 1315 , 1300 thesaurus, from 1302 to 1315 provost of Schwerin and from 1315 to 1322 bishop of Schwerin .

Life

Hermann von Maltzan came from the influential Mecklenburg noble family Maltzahn . His father Ludolf I was the master of Kummerow and Burgmann in Gadebusch , his mother Cäcilie a née von Bülow . Hermann von Maltzan was therefore possibly born in Gadebusch. He was canon in Schwerin from 1299 to 1315, documented as a Schwerin canon since 1299. As a close relative of the Bülow family he called himself on March 11, 1300 already Thesaurar the Schwerin cathedral chapter and was on 10 March 1302 to 1314 dean . Since June 30, 1302, Hermann was also canon at the Hamburg Cathedral , where on November 8, 1307 Pope Clement V gave him the scholasticism, which he held until December 1, 1312.

The Provost of the Schwerin Cathedral had not received his ordination until the day of his election as bishop . On March 13, 1315 he was elected by the cathedral chapter to succeed Gottfried I von Bülow as bishop of the Schwerin diocese . The confirmation of the Schwerin Electus by the responsible Archbishop Jens Grand von Bremen took place very quickly, but there were considerable difficulties with regard to the receipt of the higher orders and the consecration to the bishop. He had the ambition to pursue great politics together with and against the Mecklenburg dukes, which cost him considerable sums of money. In order to procure this, he also pledged large parts of the lands of the diocese, including to the von Bülow families, who were already represented in the cathedral monastery by several canons and who had certainly also elected him.

The Archbishop of Bremen Jens Grand, who had been in dispute with his suffragans for a long time, refused him ordination as bishop. He made the consecration on May 22, 1315 dependent on the payment of 1000 silver marks. Hermann von Maltzan refused the excessive monetary claims and referred to himself as Electus et Confirmatus in Episcopum Swerinensis . He was then banned by Jens Grand , but was freed from it again on the intervention of Prince Henry the Lion .

Only the administrator of the Archdiocese of Bremen, Johannes, appointed by the Bremen Cathedral Chapter in 1316, did the consecration at the end of 1316, but this was not recognized by Jens Grand. Heinrich von Maltzan was again put under his spell in 1320. The ban was probably only lifted in 1322 by the new administrator of the Archdiocese of Bremen, Bishop Nikolaus von Kesselhut from Verden . Maltzan's merit is thus the achievement of a largely independent position for the Schwerin diocese. But little is known of the pastoral events during his more than six years in office.

Bishop Hermann was involved several times in warlike undertakings, from which his Stiftsland was not spared. He himself was present at the conquest and razing of the Klockenburg , which Prince Heinrich bei Warin built in spite of him . While the fighting was still going on, Hermann von Maltzan fell ill and died on July 7, 1322 in Bützow, where he was buried.

When he passed away, he left the diocese in great debt. His successor as bishop, Johann II zu Putlitz, had to realize that the cathedral monastery was largely in the hands of the von Bülow family.

seal

Five seals are known from Bishop Hermann .

Two were from pre-episcopal times: a round seal that identifies him in the inscription as Thesaurar von Schwerin, and a parabolic seal with a crucifixion group. The inscription refers to an office as provost of the cathedral. The Maltzan coat of arms can be seen on both seals .

He used his first bishop's seal on documents in which he called himself dei gratia electus et confirmatus in episcopum zwerinensem . It is a round seal in which the Blessed Virgin Mary is shown sitting on a low armchair with the Christ Child on her right arm, holding a long lily stem in her left hand and adorned with a branch of roses on the right.

The inscription reads: + S '. HERMANI. DI. GRA. ELCI. ET. FIRMATI. I. EPM. ZWER.

After 1316, Bishop Hermann carried a large elliptical seal. The bishop sits on a chair with a high, carved back, decorated with lions on the side rests and hung with a carpet, blessing with his right hand in front of his chest, holding the bishop's staff with his left hand and placing his feet on a palmette-like stool.

The inscription reads: + S '. HERMANI. DI. GRA. ZWERIS. ECCLESY. EPISCOPI.

There was also a small elliptical secret seal around 1316–1322 with the image of a bishop reaching down to his lap, raising his right hand as a blessing and holding the crosier with his left hand without any further decorations.

The inscription reads: + SECRET. HERMANNI. EPISCOPI. ZWERINS.

literature

• Alfred Rische: Directory of the bishops and canons of Schwerin with biographical remarks. Ludwigslust 1900.
• Berthold Schmidt: History of the family of Maltzan and Maltzahn . I. Schleiz 1907.
• Gerhard Müller-Alpermann: Status and origin of the bishops of the Magdeburg and Hamburg church provinces in the Middle Ages. Prenzlau 1930.
• Karl Ernst Hermann Krause:  Maltzan, Hermann von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, p. 154 f.
• Josef Traeger : The bishops of the medieval diocese of Schwerin. St. Benno Verlag Leipzig 1984, pp. 61-69.
• Josef Traeger: The bishops of the diocese . In: The Stiftsland of the Schwerin bishops around Bützow and Warin. St. Benno Verlag Leipzig 1984, pp. 91-92.
• Margit Kaluza-Baumruker: The Schwerin Cathedral Chapter (1171–1400). Cologne, Vienna 1987 p. 56, 249-250.
• Grete Grewolls: Who was who in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania. The dictionary of persons . Hinstorff Verlag, Rostock 2011, ISBN 978-3-356-01301-6 , p. 4134 .

Web links

• Literature about Hermann II. Von Maltzan in the Landesbibliographie MV

Individual evidence

1. ^ Alfred Rische: Directory of the bishops and canons of Schwerin. 1900 p. 4.
2. ↑ Margit Kaluza-Baumruker: List of Schwerin bishops. In: The Schwerin Cathedral Chapter (1171–1400) , 1987 pp. 56, 250.
3. ^ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch MUB IV. (1867) No. 2569, 2571
4. ↑ MUB IV. (1867) No. 2602., Margit Kaluza-Baumruker: List of Thesaurare / Kustoden. In: The Schwerin Cathedral Chapter (1171–1400). 1987 p. 66.
5. ↑ MUB IV. (1867) No. 2789. MUB V. (1869) No. 2789.
6. ↑ MUB X. (1877) No. 7244. Alfred Rische: Directory of the bishops and canons of Schwerin. 1900 p. 14.
7. ↑ Hamburg Document Book 2. No. 253, 259, 269.
8. ↑ MUB IV. (1867) No. 2571.
9. ↑ MUB VI. (1870) No. 3739.
10. ↑ MUB VI. (1870) No. 3746.
11. ↑ MUB VI. (1870) No. 3748.
12. ↑ The so-called Pfaffenkrieg is described in the Kirchberg Chronicle .
13. ↑ MUB V. (1869) No. 3153. List of the imprinted seal woodcuts, I. Spiritual seals.
14. ^ Mecklenburgisches Jahrbuch MJB VIII. (1843) Friedrich Lisch : History of the Episcopal Schwerin Coat of Arms , pp. 13-14.

predecessor	Office	successor
Gottfried I. von Bülow	Bishop of Schwerin 1315-1322	Johann II of Putlitz