Hermenegildo González

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Hermenegildo González in Portuguese : Hermenegildo Gonçalves or Mendo I Gonçalves and in documents Ermegildus Gundisaluis († 943/950) was a magnate and count of Deza in the Kingdom of Galicia , who through his marriage to Munadona Díaz ( Portuguese  : Mumadona Dias), the from 924 to 950 was the 4th Countess of Portugal , from before 926 to 943/50 to the (co-ruling) Count of Portugal. Through his descendants, he became the progenitor of the third house of the Counts of Portugal and the ancestor of important Portuguese noble families.

origin

The historic county of Deza in the province of Pontevedra in Spain

The family of Hermengildo González was one of the oldest and most powerful families of the high nobility in the medieval kingdom of Galicia, as it was owned by the County of Deza (today "Comarca del Deza" in the province of Pontevedra in the Autonomous Community of Galicia ) as early as the ninth century . The first historically tangible ancestor of the house was Afonso Betóte, Count of Deza, who took part in the Council of Oviedo in 899 († after May 7, 899) and with Mendes of Asturias, a daughter of Hermengildo Perez of Asturias († after 885) from the Was married to the House of the Kings of Asturias . Hermengildo González himself was a grandson of Count Alfonso Betóte and a son of Gonzalo Betótez (Portuguese: Gonçalo Afonso Betote) († after 936) Count of Deza, who lived with Tereza Ériz de Lugo († around 926), a daughter of Ero Fernández Count from Lugo ( Kingdom of Galicia ) was married. Hermengildo had several siblings, including the brother Count Pelayo González (approx. † 959) and the sister Argonta González, who by her marriage to Ordoño II. King of Galicia (910-924) and King of León (914-924) for two Years became queen, but was then cast out and died without descendants.

Life

youth

Few data are known about the biography of Hermengildo González. He was born at the end of the ninth century during the reign of Alfonso III. the great, who ruled as King of León , King of Galicia and King of Asturias from 866 to 910, and probably grew up in the residence of the Counts of Deza in Lalin (city in the north of the province of Pontevedra in northwestern Spain), the capital of theirs County, on.

In his youth he witnessed the rebellion of the sons of King Alfonso III in 907. against her father and in 910 the division of the kingdom into three parts among the sons of the king. The second eldest son of the king, Ordoño II. (910-924) became king of Galicia in 910 - and thus the sovereign of the Counts of Deza - where he succeeded in 914 to enlarge his dominion around the kingdom of León, making it the capital of his Reich moved to León.

Relationship with King Ordoño II.

King Ordoño II of León, sovereign of Count Hermenegildo

Hermenegildo lived in difficult times when he was younger, because King Ordoño II was almost continuously fighting with the forces of Abd ar-Rahman III. who ruled the eighth emir from 912 to 928 and the first caliph of Córdoba from 929 to 961 and, after internal consolidation of his empire, devoted himself to the recovery of the territories lost to the Christians by the Reconquista . There were military expeditions by Christians to Muslim areas practically annually and in response to more or less extensive advances by the Moors. Since Hermenegildo was the son of one of the most powerful vassals of King Ordoño, it can be assumed that he took part in the king's military actions in fulfillment of his fiefdom , even if this cannot be proven in detail because of the poor documentary information. The main highlights of these battles were: The battle of Castramoros ( San Esteban de Gormaz ), which was victorious for the Kingdom of León in 917, and the - lost - battle of Valdejunquera on July 26th, 920.

King Ordoño II was close to the Hermenegildos family not only as sovereign, but also through family relationships, since he was married to a fatherly aunt of Hermenegildos, Aragonta González, in 922. However, this marriage did not last long because King Ordoño expelled his wife, allegedly “because he did not like her”. The actual reason for the separation may have been political, however, since Ordoño II. 923 married the Infanta Sancha Sánchez of Navarre, the daughter of his ally in the fight against the Moors, Sancho I. Garcés, King of Navarre (905-925) to further strengthen the alliance of the two states against the Moors.

Count of Portugal and Count of Deca

Hermengildo González first appeared in a document in 926 in connection with a major turning point in his life. This because he appears in this document of February 23, 926 as the husband of Mumadona Dias (Spanish: Muniadona Díaz), the 4th Countess of PORTUGAL (924-950) (+ after December 4, 968). This marriage was concluded between 915 and 925, with Hermengildo González becoming co-regent of the county of Portugal from 926 at the latest. In December 928, Hermengildo Gonzalez confirmed in the São Mamede monastery of Lorvão (municipality in the Portuguese district of Penacova in the Coimbra district ) a pious foundation of his mother-in-law Onecca for the infante Bermudo Ordóñez, her uncle, who died in exile in Coimbra in 928 .

After the death of his father Gonzalo Alfonso Betótes in 929, Hermengildo succeeded him as Count of Deza, which made him the most powerful Count in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula .

Death and afterlife

Guimarães Castle founded by Mumadona Dias in 968

Count Hermengildo can be documented until 943, but then disappears from the records. However, he must have lived for some time, as his widow and children did not split up his inheritance until August 1, 950. When the inheritance of Count Hermenegildo was divided up, the rule of Vimaranes (today the city of Guimarães in the north of Portugal in the Braga district , about 45 km northeast of Porto ) fell to his daughter Onecca, who at the request of her mother Mumadona, her father's widow, passed this exchanged for another property. After 950 Mumadona had a monastery built there as a pious foundation in memory. In order to protect the monastery from the recurring attacks by Normans and Moors, a few years later she had a castle built there, the Castelo de Vimaranes, which was completed before 968. This castle, which was then the residence of the Counts of Portugal and is therefore closely linked to the beginning of the Portuguese national consciousness, is reminiscent of the Countess Mumadona and her husband, Hermengildo González - significantly rebuilt and restored.

Marriage and offspring

Statue of Mumadona Dias, wife of Hermenegildo González

Mendo I Gonçalves, as Hermengildo González is often called in Portugal, probably married between 915 and 920, but in any case before February 23, 926 - the date on which he officially appeared as a husband - Mumadona Dias (Spanish: Muniadona Díaz) († 968), the richest woman in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula , who ruled as 4th Countess of Portugal from 924 to 950. At that time, this county included not only the original area, but also that of the later county of Coimbra . She was a daughter of Diogo Fernandes (Diego Fernández) († before December 1, 928) Count in the Kingdom of León and Countess Onecca, who probably came from the house of the kings of Navarre .

progeny

  1. Gonçalo I. Mendes, (Gonzalo Menéndez) 5th Count of Portugal (950 - 997), calls himself dux magnus ("Grand Duke") of Portugal, ⚭ his cousin Ilduara Pais (Spanish: Ildonza Pelaez), a daughter of his paternal uncle Pelayo Gonçalves and Hermesenda Gutierrez, a sister of the Holy Rudesind ( Rosendo de Celanova ) († 977).
  2. Diego Mendes, (Diego Menéndez) († after October 17, 964), ⚭ Aldonça Ne.
    1. Mumadona Dias († 1025), nun in the monastery at Guimarães.
  3. Ramiro Mendes (Ramiro Menéndez) ((* around 925, † before October 17, 964), ⚭ 962/63 Adosina Guterres (Adosinda Gutiérrez) (+ after 981/88), a daughter of Guterre Mendes (Gutierre Menéndez) Count of Coimbra and the Ilduaria Eris (Ilduara Ériz) (+ around 958), who was a daughter of Ero Fernandes Count of Lugo.
    1. Velasquita Ramires (Velasquita Ramírez) (+ after August 15, 1028), became Queen of León through her marriage, as she was his first wife, Bermudo II "el Gotoso", King of León . got married.
  4. Onecca Mendes (Oneca Menéndez) (cl. 950, + after December 4, 968), ⚭ before January 26, 959 Guterre Rodrigues (Gutierre Rodríguez) († after 1014), who supported King Ordoño IV of León in the civil war against King Sancho .
  1. Nuno Mendes (Nuño Menéndez) (cl. 950, † after January 26, 959);
  2. Arias Mendes (Arias Menéndez) (cl. 950, † after October 17, 964)

See also

Portucale county

literature

  • AMARAL, Luís Carlos. (2009). "O povoamento da terra bracarense durante o século XIII". Revista da Faculdade de Letras: História Seríe III, vol. 10: page 121; Universidade do Porto. ISSN  0871-164X .
  • Cawley Charles, "Medieval Lands"
  • GARCÍA ÁLVAREZ, Manuel Rubén. (1960 2001). "¿La Reina Velasquita, nieta de Muniadomna Díaz?" (in Spanish). Revista Guimarães (70): page 218; Betanzos: Casa de Sarmento. Centro de estudios do património. Universidade do Minho. OCLC 402770925
  • MATTOSO, José. (1970). "A nobreza portucalense dos séculos IX a XI". Page 139, Do tempo e da história: 35-50. Lisboa: Instituto de alta cultura. Centro de estudos históricos. OCLC 565153778
  • Sereno, Isabel; Dordio, Paulo; Gonçalves, Joaquim (2003), SIPA, ed., Castelo de Guimarães (IPA.00001060 / PT010308340011) (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: SIPA - Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico.
  • Salazar y Acha, Jaime de (1989). "Los descendientes del conde Ero Fernández, fundador del Monasterio de Santa María de Ferreira de Pallares". Page 69; El Museo de Pontevedra (in Spanish) (43):. ISSN  0210-7791 .
  • Detlev Schwennicke , " European Family Tables New Series", Volume II, Plate 49
  • TORRES SEVILLA-QUIÑONES DE LEÓN, Margarita Cecilia. Linajes nobiliarios de León y Castilla: Siglos IX-XIII (em espanhol). Salamanca: Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de educación y cultura, 1999. ISBN 84-7846-781-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Charles Cawley, Medieval Lands GALICIA NOBILITY 9th-11th CENTURY - FAMILY of HERMENEGILDO GONZÁLEZ
  2. ^ Salazar y Acha, Jaime de (1989). "Los descendientes del conde Ero Fernández, fundador del Monasterio de Santa María de Ferreira de Pallares". Page 69; El Museo de Pontevedra (in Spanish) (43):. ISSN  0210-7791 .
  3. ↑ GARCIA ÁLVAREZ, Manuel Rubén. (1960 2001). "¿La Reina Velasquita, nieta de Muniadomna Díaz?" (in Spanish ). Revista Guimarães (70): page 218; Betanzos: Casa de Sarmento. Centro de estudios do património. Universidade do Minho. OCLC 402770925
  4. ↑ TORRES SEVILLA Y QUIÑONES DE LEÓN, Margarita Cecilia (1999), Linajes nobiliarios de León y Castilla: Siglos IX-XIII. Salamanca: Junta de Castilla y León. Page 292; ISBN 84-7846-781-5 .
  5. ↑ Detlev Schwennike, "European Family Tables New Series", Volume II, Plate 49
  6. ↑ MATTOSO, José. (1970). "A nobreza portucalense dos séculos IX a XI". Page 139, Do tempo e da história: 35-50. Lisboa: Instituto de alta cultura. Centro de estudos históricos. OCLC 565153778.
  7. ↑ García Álvarez 1960, p. 218, n.74.
  8. ↑ SÁEZ, Emilio. (1947). "Los ascendientes de San Rosendo: notas para el estudio de la monarquía astur-leonesa durante los siglos IX y X" (in Spanish). Hispania: revista española de Historia: page 108; Madrid: CSIC, Instituto Jerónimo Zurita. OCLC 682814356.
  9. ↑ AMARAL, Luís Carlos. (2009). "O povoamento da terra bracarense durante o século XIII". Revista da Faculdade de Letras: História Seríe III, vol. 10: page 121; Universidade do Porto. ISSN  0871-164X .
  10. ↑ Sereno, Isabel; Dordio, Paulo; Gonçalves, Joaquim (2003), SIPA, ed., Castelo de Guimarães (IPA.00001060 / PT010308340011) (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: SIPA - Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico.
  11. ↑ Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León, 1999, op. cit. Page 310.
  12. ↑ MATTOSO, José. (1970). "A nobreza portucalense dos séculos IX a XI". Do tempo e da história: page 36 f .; . Lisboa: Instituto de alta cultura. Centro de estudos históricos. OCLC 565153778.
  13. ↑ Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León 1999, op.cit. Page 306.
  14. ↑ GARCIA ÁLVAREZ, Manuel Rubén. (1960 2001). "¿La Reina Velasquita, nieta de Muniadomna Díaz?" (in Spanish). Revista Guimarães (70): page 211; Betanzos: Casa de Sarmento. Centro de estudios do património. Universidade do Minho. OCLC402770925.
  15. ^ Charles Cawley op.cit,)
  16. ↑ Charles Cawley Medieval Lands [fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/Galicia.htm#_Toc342112881]
  17. ↑ GALICIA NOBILITY 9th-11th CENTURY - FAMILY of HERMENEGILDO GONZÁLEZ
personal data
SURNAME Hermenegildo González
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hermenegildo Gonçalves, Mendo I Gonçalves
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Count of Portugal, Count of Deca
DATE OF BIRTH 9th century or 10th century
DATE OF DEATH around 943