Herpesvirus simiae
| Herpesvirus simiae | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| McHV-1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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The Herpes B virus , and herpes B virus , herpes B virus , scientifically, according to ICTV Macacine alpha herpesvirus 1 (MCHV-1), formerly Cercopithecines herpesvirus 1 , is called (CHV-1 or CeHV-1) in Old World monkeys of the family Cercopithecidae ( monkeys , Baboons and especially macaques ) occurring virus of the genus Simplexvirus . It is very closely related to the herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and -2) in humans and causes no or only mild symptoms similar to herpes labialis in the monkey species as its natural hosts . If the Herpes B virus , however, transmitted to humans, it can cause a very severe, usually fatal disease, the herpes B .
history
The disease in humans was first observed and characterized by Albert Sabin in 1932 . He named the clinical picture and thus also the pathogen after the last name of the patient William Bartlet Brebner, who died of severe encephalitis .
Morphology and genome
The virus particles (virions) of the herpes virus simiae are about 100 nm in diameter, enveloped and contain an icosahedral capsid . The genome consists of a molecule of double-stranded, linear DNA and is about 157 kbp in size. It contains at least 75 different genes for viral proteins.
The structure and arrangement of the gene segments in the McHV-1 genome is very similar to the herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) in humans (E-type genome); However, a gene segment that occurs in HSV and is important for replication in nerve tissue is missing in McHV-1, yet it can cause neurotropic diseases. Some of the surface proteins of McHV-1 show greater homology to other envelope proteins of other simplex viruses, in addition to HSV-1 and -2 also the non- human pathogenic bovine herpesvirus 2 ( bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 , BHV-2) and cercopithecine herpesvirus 2 ( cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 2 , CeHV-2).
Dissemination and transmission
The McHV-1 is widespread worldwide due to the keeping of animals in zoological gardens and the use of monkeys and cell cultures from monkey tissue. Particularly green monkeys and Rhesus monkeys as well as other Asiatic species of the genus Macaca are relevant as a reservoir and a carrier of the MCHV -1. The infection occurs in groups of animals through social contact similar to herpes simplex infections in humans. The prevalence of antibodies against McHV-1 depends on the density of the animal population and can be up to 70% in rhesus monkey colonies. In rhesus monkeys from very dense colonies of Hindu temple monkeys in Nepal, antibodies could be detected in about 64%.
swell
- CM Fauquet, MA Mayo et al .: Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses . London, San Diego, 2005 p. 199, ISBN 0-12-249951-4
- G. Darai, M. Handermann, E. Hinz, H.-G. Sunday: Lexicon of Infectious Diseases in Humans . 2nd edition, Berlin, Heidelberg 2003 pp. 41ff, ISBN 3-540-44168-9
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Human alphaherpesvirus 1 , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
- ^ AB Sabin, AM Wright: Acute ascending myelitis following a monkey bite, with the isolation of a virus capable of reproducing the disease . J. Exp. Med. (1934) 59: pp. 115-136 ( pdf )
- ↑ JD Pimentel: Herpes B virus - "B" is for Brebner: Dr. William Bartlet Brebner (1903-1932) . CMAJ (2008) 178 (6) [1]
- ↑ L. Perelygina et al .: Complete sequence and comparative analysis of the genome of herpes B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) from a rhesus monkey . J. Virol. (2003) 77 (11): pp. 6167-6177 PMID 12743273
- ↑ L. Jones-Engel et al .: Temple monkeys and health implications of commensalism, Kathmandu, Nepal . Emerg Infect Dis . (2006) 12 (6): pp. 900-906 PMID 16707044
Web links
- Herpesvirus simiae in the NCBI database
- Reference sequence of the McHV-1 alias CeHV-1