Heslacher tunnel
| Heslacher tunnel | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Tunnel portal at Marienplatz
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| Official name | Heslacher tunnel | |||
| use | Road tunnel | |||
| traffic connection | Bundesstrasse 14 | |||
| place | Stuttgart | |||
| length | 2300 meters | |||
| Number of tubes | 1 (and 2 rescue tunnels) | |||
| cross-section | 10.4 meters (width) / 8.9 meters (height) in the two-lane area | |||
| Largest coverage | up to 80 meters | |||
| construction | ||||
| Client | State capital Stuttgart, technical administration / civil engineering office | |||
| building-costs | 289 million DM | |||
| start of building | 1980 | |||
| completion | 1991 | |||
| business | ||||
| release | May 7, 1991 (full release) | |||
| location | ||||
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| Coordinates | ||||
| Portal at Marienplatz | 48 ° 45 '49 " N , 9 ° 10' 11" E | |||
| Portal on Burgstallstrasse | 48 ° 45 ′ 16 " N , 9 ° 8 ′ 45" E | |||
Map with all coordinates: The Heslacher Tunnel is a 2.3 km long two-lane road tunnel in the south of Stuttgart . In the course of the federal highway 14 it is part of the connection from the city center to the Stuttgart motorway junction .
Geographical location
The tunnel was built on the northwest flank of the Bopser mountain between Marienplatz and Burgstallstrasse and has an underground junction as an access point to Karl-Kloß-Strasse , it relieves the Stuttgart-Süd district of through traffic. The Heslacher Tunnel motor road connects the Hauptstätter Straße coming from the center with the Schattenring in the direction of Vaihingen / Böblingen; further tunnels follow the B 14, first the short Viereichenhautunnel . At the Burgstallstraße at the height of Südheimer course there is a connection to the L 1,192th
geology
Essentially the entire length of the tunnel runs through the rocks of the Middle Keuper . From Südheimer Platz to Karl-Kloß-Straße there are layers of silica sandstone , the Steigerwald Formation (Unterer Bunter Margel) and the Stuttgart Formation (reed sandstone), in the further section to Marienplatz almost exclusively through the Grabfeld Formation ( Gipskeuper ) . The layers of the Steigerwald and Grabfeld Formations proved to be problematic during construction, as layers of the swellable rock anhydrite were found there. At the level of Karl-Kloß-Straße, the tunnel is cut by a fault , which means that the geological formations are offset by around 25 meters.
history
Before the tunnel was opened, Bundesstraße 14 ran right through the center of Stuttgart-Heslach . At peak times in 1988, up to 50,000 vehicles were counted in the area around Südheimer Platz, making the through-town one of the most heavily used radial streets in Stuttgart. In the early 1960s, there were already unrealized considerations for building a tunnel, and in 1962 a bypass road was planned in the general traffic plan. It was not until 1980 that the planning for a tunnel with two tubes was decided. However, only one tube has been implemented so far.
The tunnel was built in three construction phases. Starting from Südheimer Platz, the first kilometer was built using mining techniques up to Karl-Kloß-Straße. The New Austrian Tunneling Method was used . The tunnel junction at Karl-Kloß-Straße was constructed using the cut-and-cover method. The remaining 1,100 meters were mainly built using mining techniques. The escape tunnels are parallel to the mining sections. From 1981 to 1983 a tunnel was excavated along the entire length of the tunnel. The tunnel stop for the first phase of construction took place on 19 June 1984. The full section was divided into crown, bench and Sohlabschnitt . In the area of the anhydrite-containing layers, a circular cross-section was chosen for safety reasons. After securing the bench and sole, the inner shell with a thickness of 40 to 70 cm was installed along the entire length of the tunnel. A side blade at the tunnel portal at Südheimer Platz was filled with the more than 120,000 cubic meters of excavated earth . Before that, the shooting ranges of the rifle club had to be demolished. On September 2nd, the new club house with a shooting range was built on the embankment.
The exhaust-polluted air of the tunnel is led by jet fans to a central exhaust air chimney (see illustration below), which ends 80 meters above the tunnel on the edge of a forest area on the northern edge of the Dornhaldenfriedhof , 60 meters north of the garrison rifle house.
In 1985, the junction at Karl-Kloß-Strasse was started using an open construction method, secured by lamellar shoring and element walls . For this purpose, 55 of the previous 71 arbors of the garden association had to be demolished. After the tunnel structures had been covered, 46 new garden houses and the clubhouse were rebuilt. Four underground access ramps via two tunnel portals connect Bundesstrasse 14 with Karl-Kloß-Strasse without crossing . The central supply air structure was built above the tunnel, and the underground operations center is to the side of Karl-Kloß-Straße. On June 15, 1989, the first section of the tunnel from Südheimer Platz to Karl-Kloß-Straße was put into operation, which already relieved Südheim and Heslach from through traffic.
In order to guarantee access to the portal at Marienplatz, the former head office and car hall of the Stuttgart trams, built in 1893 and expanded in 1925, had to be demolished in 1986. A turret, dismantled and erected in the green area above the portal, reminds of this today. The first hundred meters of the tunnel were built from Marienplatz using the cut-and- cover method . Due to the residential development just above the tunnel, the foundations of the houses had to be strengthened, but there were still subsidence that had to be renovated. This was followed by a further 980 meters of mining, the first part three lanes, then two lanes, dug. Here, too, a circular cross-section was chosen in the area of the anhydrite-containing layers. After securing the bench and sole, the inner shell with a thickness of 60 to 100 cm was installed along the entire length of the tunnel. The official opening of the entire tunnel took place on May 7, 1991.
The tunnel was fully equipped with 1,900 fluorescent lamps , and in the area of the tunnel portals supplemented by adaptation lighting with 162 sodium vapor lamps .
In the area of the portal at Marienplatz, the civil defense systems were installed for use as a shelter for a maximum of 5,000 people. The Heslach Tunnel is the last protected space built in Stuttgart.
Security retrofits
In the 2001 ADAC test, the Heslach tunnel received the grade sufficient. Between 2004 and 2006, the safety standard was increased through additional escape tunnels for 12 million euros. The existing western escape tunnel, which is 400 meters long and ends at Südheimer Platz, was provided with a second cross tunnel to the road tunnel. A new 415-meter-long escape tunnel with two transverse tunnels to the west was built from Karl-Kloß-Strasse. The existing 400-meter-long escape tunnel from Karl-Kloß-Strasse to the east was expanded by 410 meters and four cross tunnels. The escape routes were thus shortened from 600 meters to less than 300 meters. In 2007 the fire and escape route lighting, including the optical guidance systems, were brought up to the latest safety standards. Additional retrofits for 19.85 million euros were carried out in 2011 and 2012. In addition to modern traffic control for the tunnel closure case, the ventilation system was renewed to ensure improved smoke extraction. For this purpose, 38 smoke extraction flaps were installed in the tunnel ceiling. At the same time, the fire alarm system and the radio and loudspeaker system were renewed.
Traffic volume
The tube of the tunnel is designed for 35,000 vehicles per day. With an actual traffic volume of around 50,000 vehicles per day, the Heslach tunnel is one of the busiest two-way traffic tunnels in Europe. Due to the narrowing of two directional lanes to one each - both from the direction of Stuttgart city center and from the direction of Stuttgart-Vaihingen ( federal motorway 831 ) since the completion of the expansion of the B 14 between the Schattenring and the Heslacher Tunnel - the tunnel has developed into a traffic-obstructing bottleneck .
On the former route of the B 14 in Heslach and Südheim, since the completion of the bypass, only 10,000 vehicles have been counted instead of the previous 50,000 vehicles per day, which has brought the hoped-for relief.
Planning and construction as well as a second tube
When the tunnel was opened, criticism of the implemented solution was loud. The municipal council of Stuttgart has already dealt with the demand for a second tunnel tube several times through requests from the parties.
In the participatory budget of the city of Stuttgart in 2011, the construction of a second tunnel tube for the Heslach tunnel was proposed. However, in the discussion of the citizens in advance there was no majority for such a project.
literature
- State capital Stuttgart, technical department, civil engineering department [ed.]: The Heslacher Tunnel - The B 14 bypass relieves the Heslach district. Stuttgart 1991.
- Jörg Schlaich; Matthias Schüller: Engineer construction manager Baden-Württemberg. Berlin 1999, pages 249-251.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b State capital Stuttgart [ed.]: The Heslacher Tunnel - The B 14 bypass relieves the Heslach district
- ↑ coordinates: 48.755207 ° N , 9.155972 ° O . For more details see: Stadtklima Stuttgart .
- ^ State capital Stuttgart [ed.]: The Heslacher Tunnel - The B 14 bypass relieves the Heslach district
- ↑ MZA B 14 Tunnel - Schutzbauten Stuttgart eV, accessed on December 11, 2011
- ↑ Most German tunnels are "very good". Spiegel Online, October 25, 2001, accessed February 28, 2018 .
- ↑ Risk travels longer than planned. Stuttgarter Nachrichten, June 23, 2010, accessed on February 28, 2018 .
- ↑ a b B 14 Heslach Tunnel: Retrofitting of the safety equipment ( Memento from October 6, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ A tube against the traffic collapse. Stuttgarter Nachrichten, May 5, 2016, accessed on February 28, 2018 .
- ↑ Light walls . In: Baukultur . 2012 / 5th DAI , October 2012, ISSN 1862-9571 , p. 49 ( sika.com [PDF]).
- ↑ a b Opinion on motion 61/2002 of the CDU parliamentary group in the Stuttgart municipal council - last accessed on December 11, 2011
- ^ Proposal 728 of participatory budgeting - last accessed on December 11, 2011