Garrison Rifle House
| Garrison Rifle House | |
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 View from the south
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| Surname | Garrison Rifle House |
| place | Stuttgart- Degerloch On the Dornhalde 1 + 1a |
| Building | Firing range building No. 1a: main building (canteen) and annex (target workshop) No. 1: auxiliary building (guard and guard's apartment) |
| Construction year | Main building and extension: 1893/1894 Annex building: 1880 |
| Architectural style | Swiss style |
| owner | City of Stuttgart |
| Architects | Main building and extension: Royal Garrison Construction Inspector Schneider Ancillary building: Royal Garrison Builder Julius Holch |
| Height above sea level | about 395 m |
| Width × depth × height | Main building: 9.58 × 8.12 × 8.50 m Extension: 9.39 × 7.24 × 6.90 m Ancillary building: 9.20 × 7.30 × 9.5 m |
| Coordinates | 48.7545 ° N , 9.15569 ° O |
The garrison rifle house in Stuttgart housed the canteen and, in an extension, the target workshop of the shooting range of the Royal Garrison Stuttgart. The house Auf der Dornhalde 1a was built in 1893 by the royal garrison construction inspector Schneider on the northern edge of the shooting range, today's Dornhaldenfriedhof , in the Swiss style. The neighboring house Auf der Dornhalde 1 was built in 1880 according to the plans of the royal garrison builder Julius Holch and served as a guard and residence for the firing range supervisor. Both buildings are subject to monument protection. In addition to these buildings, a tool shed and a tool storage room have been preserved.
After the Second World War, the rifle house was used as a restaurant. The city of Stuttgart took over the buildings around 1970 and rented them out for residential purposes for almost 40 years.
The two buildings, which are still reasonably handsome on the outside and which have been vacant for several years (as of 2014), are threatened with slow deterioration if they are not used. A citizens' initiative founded in 2014 has set itself the goal of informing the public about the buildings and encouraging the decision-makers of the city of Stuttgart as building owners to act.
location
The garrison rifle house is located in Stuttgart- Degerloch on the northern edge of the Dornhaldenfriedhof , which was created in 1974 on the site of the former shooting range of the Royal Garrison Stuttgart, which had nine 400-meter shooting lanes. A few testimonies point to the earlier firing range:
- The garrison rifle house is located in the forest parcel “Schießbahn 10/4”, which borders the parcel “Lerchenrain 10/3” at the rifle house.
- The Schießbahnweg forest path begins near the cog railway station and merges into the Dornhaldenweg leading to the Dornhaldenfriedhof.
- Two longitudinal walls of the former firing range can still be seen in the cemetery, which previously served to separate the shooting lanes. The shortened remainder of a wall lies next to the cemetery halls, the other wall, still preserved in its original length, begins near the rifle house and runs to the end of the cemetery.
To the left of the Schützenhaus, a short path leads to the exhaust air chimney of the Heslach Tunnel , which runs 50 meters further north. The top of the wooden shingles covered tower extends behind the Schuetzenhaus extent visible in the height.
Access
- Path 1. Cable car , 1 kilometer walk. A section of the Blaustrümpflerweg circular hiking trail begins with the cable car . Take the U1 or U14 tram to the Südheimer Platz stop, follow the signpost to the cable car and take it up to the forest cemetery . There you turn left after a short footpath into Eugen-Dolmetsch-Straße or follow the main path of the Waldfriedhof-Viereichenhau (eastern part of the Waldfriedhof). At the end of the cemetery, cross Heinestrasse and follow the paved path that runs parallel to Heinestrasse on the right until you reach the garrison rifle house.
- 2nd cog railway , 1.9 kilometers on foot. Another section of the Blaustrümpflerweg begins with the cog railway . Take the U1 or U14 tram or the 41 or 43 bus to the Marienplatz stop and then take the cogwheel train to the Degerloch terminus (number 1 on the map). From here you go through the underpass (subway stop Degerloch) to the other side of theöffelstraße to the Josefstraße, turn left into the Helene-Pfleiderer-Straße and right into the Schießbahnweg (2), which leads into the Dornhaldenweg (3rd floor) ) opens. This leads directly to the garrison rifle house (4).
- Path 3. Lerchenrainschule , 1 kilometer walk. Take bus 41 to the last stop Lerchenrainschule. At the bus stop, follow Kelterstrasse and then the forest path to the garrison rifle house. If you want to avoid inclines, you can also choose this route as the way back and then relax opposite the bus stop in the Gartenfreunde Stuttgart Heslach clubhouse.
Way 1.
Way 2.
Way 3.
- Way 4th car. You drive from Stuttgart- Heslach via Karl-Kloß-Straße or from Stuttgart- Degerloch via Heinestraße to the confluence with Eugen-Dolmetsch-Straße and turn off there in the direction of Dornhaldenfriedhof. At the main entrance to the cemetery (cemetery halls) a long parking strip begins, which ends in front of the barrier to the garrison rifle house.
description
The garrison rifle house (Auf der Dornhalde 1a) consists of the main building on the left, which served as the canteen for the former shooting range, and an extension on the gable side, in which a target workshop was housed. The foundation and plinth are made of white sandstone, the façades are made of brown timber framework , which is lined with exposed, red bricks. The roofs have a slight slope and protrude far beyond the edge of the roof.
The surviving outbuildings of the rifle house include the house Auf der Dornhalde 1, which served as a guard (ground floor) and apartment for the shooting range supervisor (first floor), as well as the tool shed and the equipment store.
Truss
In the case of stone buildings, the facades are usually structured by protruding components ( risalits , columns, pilaster strips and cornices ). The garrison rifle house is also equipped with risalits, on the front and side on the ground floor with barely protruding central projections and a little further on the first floor and a standing bay on the rear. There is also a bay-like corner tower. In addition, the transom framework with its vertical and horizontal beams ( stand and transom ) takes on the structuring function. The square fields ( compartments ) formed by the beams are lined with bricks ( filled in ). In addition to the partition-forming beams, inclined beams ( struts ) and X-shaped crossed beams ( St. Andrew's cross ) were used for lateral stabilization. The beams are partially for the decoration on the edges bevelled ( chamfered ).
The left side wing and the stand bay end with a floating gable , which is clad on the wall side with vertical, white painted boards with a notched, pointed bottom. The beam structure between two floors can be seen on the facades and takes the place of the cornices in stone construction. The ceiling joists lie across between the end joist of one floor ( Rähm ) and the floor joist of the floor above ( threshold ). Between the frame and the threshold there is a band of corner bricks ( toothed frieze ), which is interrupted at regular intervals by the profiled heads of the protruding ceiling beams.
main building
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Floor plans and cross-sections of the garrison rifle house and the guard and residential building November 1910 Source: Baden-Württemberg State Archive M 17/1 Bü 1295 → Link to the plan |
Overview
The two and a half to three story main building is 9.58 meters wide, 8.12 meters deep and 8.5 meters high. The base of the main building is almost a square, which is divided vertically and horizontally into three strips, with the right north-south strip (stairwell) being narrower than the other two. The median strip protrudes slightly on the front and side front ( risalite ), the median strip of the rear front ends in a standing bay . The two side wings of the building are two-and-a-half-story (two normal-height floors and one knee- high ), while the three-story, dwarf- like central wing rises above them like a tower.
Front (right extension).
Rear.
Left side front with corner tower (left garden door to the main entrance).
Left side front (detail).
Windows and doors
The free-standing facades are divided into three axes with individual windows, except on the first floor of the front and rear, where the middle windows are designed as twin windows . The central windows of the first floor are highlighted by a balcony-like parapet, which is clad with vertical boards painted in the brown of the framework and with a notch at the bottom and flanked by two St. Andrew's crosses on the front and side.
The standing bay is equipped with two wide windows on the ground floor, which fill the entire width of the bay. They are thick stand beams and segmental arch plunge framed. The knee of the side wings opens to the extension on the gable side with two narrow windows, on the opposite side with a window. Slatted shutters, the green of which contrasts stimulatingly with the red of the brick facade, are used to close the windows, which have now been modernized.
The house has three entrances: a main entrance on the side, which leads through a garden door and then into the bay window, a central entrance on the side and an entrance to the staircase on the right side of the front.
roofs
The building closes on the long side with a traufständigen saddle roof from (the ridge extends parallel to the eaves) which is penetrated by the cross-shaped running transversely thereto, gable constant gabled roof of the central projection. At the front, the central projection is crowned by a square roof turret. It fulfilled the function of a clock tower and, like the roof of the building, ends in two cross-shaped gable roofs that carry a storm bell in the middle on a wrought-iron stand . On two sides of the clock tower you can still make out the dials and see the stationary hands of the clock that is no longer running.
At the corner between the rear and the free-standing side, a bay-like, square corner tower rises up from the first floor, turned 45 degrees from the building line and crowned by a slender, slate-covered pyramid roof protruding far from the eaves . The tower ends with a tower ball and a weather vane with the year of construction 1893.
Cultivation
The gable-side extension of the main building housed the hall-like pane workshop. The building is 9.39 meters wide, 7.24 meters deep and 6.90 meters high and is covered with an eaves gable roof that is slightly steeper than the flat roofs of the main building. The foundation and plinth of the extension are made of white sandstone as in the main building, the facade on the ground floor is made of unplastered red brick and in the knee section of timber frame as in the main building. On the front and rear facade illuminate three cross Stock windows with segmental arch lintel and Sohlbänken sandstone building.
The outside entrance of the extension is accessed through a garden door on the gable end, which leads under a wide, awning- like wooden protective roof that rests on wall brackets made of sandstone and is supported by wooden posts and struts. The gable side of the knee-high above the protective roof is half-timbered and illuminated through three windows.
Panorama photo of the extension (former disc workshop) from the inside.
Outbuildings
Front, left front: former garden of the overseer.
House entrance.
Rear.
Tool shed.
Overview
The two-storey outbuilding has approximately the shape of a cube and ends with a flat pyramid roof . The building is 9.20 meters wide, 7.30 meters deep and 9.50 meters high and is set back a few meters diagonally to the right compared to the main building. To the right of the adjoining building, the wooden “tool shed with 9 departments” extends over a length of 29 meters. The ground floor, which housed the guard, rises above a gray plastered base and has a gray plastered facade, the corners of which are covered with unplastered stone blocks ( corner blocks ). The facade of the first floor, which served as the supervisor's apartment, is clad with graceful, gray-painted round wooden shingles and , like the profiled, gray-painted heads of the ceiling beams between the floors, protrudes slightly over the ground floor facade .
Windows and doors
The front and the left side are divided by three axes, the rear by one and the right side by two axes. All axes are covered with windows, except for the rear axis of the left side front, where the house entrance is. A lintel over the entrance bears the inscription "Built in 1880". The windows have jamb and sill equipped stone. On the first floor, wooden frames and roofs cover the window reveals, which are cut as fretwork, curved and notched, in the manner typical of the Swiss style.
history
Building history
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Site plan of the Dornhalde shooting range , September 1916 Source: Baden-Württemberg State Archives M 17/1 Bü 895 → Link to the map |
The military shooting range, on which the Dornhaldenfriedhof is located today, was laid out from 1869. In 1880, the outbuilding on Dornhalde 1 was built according to the plans of the royal garrison builder Julius Holch. It served as a guard (ground floor) and apartment for the firing range supervisor (first floor). In 1893 the canteen of the garrison rifle house was built, which consisted of the left wing and the middle wing, and in 1894 the right wing with staircase and toilets and the window workshop. The garrison rifle house included a number of auxiliary buildings, including a horse stable, laundry room, and magazines for equipment, targets, and powder. Only two of these structures have survived: the wooden “tool shed with 9 compartments”, which stretches over a length of 29 meters to the right of the outbuilding, and the “tool storage room”, the remains of which can be found in the bushes on an embankment opposite the building's left front.
The external condition of the main building, annex and outbuildings suggest that the buildings have been modernized (windows, doors, shutters, electrics), probably in connection with the rental at the beginning of the 1970s.
The future fate of the buildings owned by the city is uncertain. A gastronomic use, which would tie in with the temporarily earlier use, should be impossible because the buildings are in the landscape protection area. A use "close to the cemetery" as a cemetery nursery or stonemasonry is conceivable, however. "Even for residential use there was no permit," it says in official circles, i. This means that the buildings have been inhabited for 40 years without a legal basis. Nevertheless, one does not seem to rule out the possibility of using it for residential purposes, although it is not clear which bureaucratic hurdles have to be cleared for this.
The panorama photo shows the ensemble of buildings of the garrison rifle house and the magnificently blooming, sweeping cherry tree in its immediate vicinity.
Building use
The buildings belonging to the garrison rifle house have been used as firing range buildings since they were built. The actual garrison rifle house was used as a canteen and target workshop, the guard house was housed on the ground floor in the annex building and the home of the firing range supervisor on the first floor.
Presumably, the buildings continued to be used accordingly in the Weimar Republic and during the Nazi era . During the time of National Socialism, death sentences were carried out on politically unpopular people on the firing range. a. The choir director and organist Ewald Huth was executed in 1944 for his frank public warning against National Socialism . After the Second World War, American soldiers completed their target practice on the firing range, the extent to which they used the associated buildings is not known.
After the Americans left, the garrison rifle house became federal property. Even during the imperial era, the canteen was not run by the military themselves, but by a private tenant. Following this tradition, it was used as an inn for a few years after the war, but was abandoned again in the 1960s. Around 1970 the city of Stuttgart bought the building and land from the federal government. "The building was neglected, the property overgrown," when in 1970 a cemetery employee and his family rented the property from his employer, the cemetery office, and brought it back to a habitable condition. Since the family moved out in 2009 after almost 40 years, the buildings of the garrison rifle house have been empty.
In 1977, against great public resistance, "with the approval of Mayor Manfred Rommel, the terrorists Gudrun Ensslin , Andreas Baader and Jan-Carl Raspe who had died in the Stuttgart-Stammheim prison were buried under the greatest security precautions" at the Dornhaldenfriedhof . At that time “camera teams were posted on the upper floor [of the garrison rifle house]. Hundreds of police officers secured the area, helicopters circled. "
A citizens' initiative founded in 2014 provides information about the garrison rifle house in a blog : "The blog wants to draw attention, collect information and propose to the city of Stuttgart, as the property owner, that citizens participate in the development of future use by creating a public idea for the future of the garrison rifle house. and a concept competition is organized. ”In an open letter to the mayor and the city administration, particular reference is made to the city’s newly introduced“ concept process ”, according to which not only the financial return but also the social relevance of future use is a factor in the award of urban real estate Role should play.
literature
- Nina Ayerle: Garrison Rifle House in Stuttgart. Building is not in good shape. In: Stuttgarter Zeitung . No. 88 of April 15, 2014 page 21, online: .
- Uwe Bogen: "We have no terrorists - only dead". Stuttgart album: Where the garrison once practiced shooting, enmity is to end in grave field 92. In: Stuttgarter Nachrichten No. 100 of May 2, 2014, page 22.
- Dieter Buck; Harald Schukraft: Stuttgart border walks. City history discovery tours. Tübingen 2005, page 58.
- State capital Stuttgart, Office for Urban Planning and Urban Renewal, Lower Monument Protection Authority (publisher): List of cultural monuments. Immovable architectural and art monuments. Stuttgart 2008, online: .
- Eva Funke: Where the fox and the rabbit say goodnight. Feelings of living (8) - Christa and Dieter Weiß live secluded at the Dornhaldenfriedhof. In: Stuttgarter Nachrichten No. 84 of September 14, 2004.
- Eva Funke: Schützenhaus in Stuttgart neglected. Despite monument protection. In: Stuttgarter Nachrichten of April 10, 2014 page 17, online: .
- Michael Imhof: Historicist framework. On the history of architecture in the 19th century in Germany, Great Britain (Old English Style), France, Austria, Switzerland and the USA. Bamberg 1996, pages 211-224 (Swiss style).
- Friedrich Keidel; Siegfried Schoch: Pictures from Degerloch's past. Put on paper in 1926 by Friedrich Keidel. Reviewed and reissued by Siegfried Schoch. Stuttgart 1986, page 147.
- Fritz Möbus: Heslacher Blaustrümpflerweg. Stuttgart 2014, online only: .
- Wolfgang Müller: Stuttgart in old views. Zaltbommel 1979, No. 25 (postcard of the garrison rifle house).
- Jörg Niendorf: A good idea beats a checkbook. Build in the city . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of March 1, 2014, online: (concept process).
- Stuttgart trams (publisher): The Heslacher Blaustrümpflerweg. A circular hiking trail with a rack railway and cable car. Stuttgart 2006, online: .
- Karin von Wietersheim Eskioglou: The Swiss style and the development of modern Swiss wooden house construction. Zurich 2004, online: .
- Open letter. In: Stuttgarter Wochenblatt of April 2, 2014, page 3.
Archives
- Stuttgart, garden, cemetery and forest office
- Plan copies: views, floor plans and cross-sections of main and secondary buildings from 1893, online: .
- Stuttgart, State Archives
- E 271 c Bü 2773, M 17/1 Bü 885, 886, 888, 892–895, 1295, M 32 Bü 53.
- Stuttgart, regional council , monument preservation department
- List of cultural monuments in Baden-Wuerttemberg Part A1, Auf der Dornhalde 1, 1A, justification of monument status from February 5, 2014.
Web links
- "Garrison Rifle House - House of Silence" initiative .
- Topographic map, hybrid map and aerial photos on a scale of 1: 500, city map Stuttgart , search term: Auf der Dornhalde.
Footnotes
- ↑ Link to the site plan: See #Construction history .
- ↑ In a target workshop, targets for shooting were manufactured and repaired.
- ↑ See #Location .
- ↑ For the term transom framework or transom construction see: #Wietersheim 2004 , pages 24-25.
- ↑ In the past, the gable of the middle wing also had a floating gable on the front, which was similar to the floating gable on the side. Today the gable is poorly repaired.
- ↑ Width and depth: according to the ground floor plan ( #Landesarchiv , M17 / 1 1295). Height: according to the cross-section ( # plan copies ).
- ↑ Louvre shutters: Shutters that open to the side, with transverse louvers for ventilation.
- ↑ Width and depth: according to the ground floor plan ( #Landesarchiv , M17 / 1 1295). Height: according to the cross-section ( # plan copies ).
- ↑ Source: # Plan copies . - Width and depth: according to the ground floor plan, height: according to the cross-section.
- ↑ Link to the site plan: See #Construction history .
- ↑ The area of the Dornhalde shooting range was acquired in 1869 ( #Landesarchiv , E 271 c Bü 2773). The statement that the shooting range has existed since 1858 ( #Buck 2005 ) is therefore not correct .
- ↑ Inscription on the door lintel of the house entrance: "Built in 1880". - The information in the #Monument List 2014 "built in 1880 according to plans by the chief architect G. Zimmermann" does not apply. The files of the building law office in Stuttgart contain a "plan for the construction of an apartment for the shooting range supervisor and guard on the shooting range Dornhalde", which was "made" on April 15, 1880 by the royal garrison builder [Julius] Holch. Senior building master G. Zimmermann signed on April 29, 1880 with the note “Seen!”. For the first name Julius of the garrison builder Holch see: #Denkmalliste 2008 , entry “Heusteigstrasse 54”, where “Holch Julius, garrison builder” is given as the architect of the house at Heusteigstrasse 5.
- ↑ Year of construction according to the weather vane on the corner tower of the garrison rifle house.
- ↑ #Landesarchiv , Bü 885, evidence of the Kgl. Fiscal buildings and land belonging to Garrison Administration Stuttgart from April 4, 1894.
- ↑ #Funke 2014 .
- ↑ #Buck 2005 .
- ↑ #Funke 2014 .
- ↑ # Müller 1979 .
- ↑ #Funke 2014 , #Funke 2014 .
- ↑ #Buck 2005 .
- ↑ #Funke 2014 .
- ↑ #Blog of the citizens' initiative.
- ↑ #Niendorf 2014 .
Coordinates: 48 ° 45 ′ 16.2 " N , 9 ° 9 ′ 20.5" E