High-Z Supernova Search Team
The High-Z Supernova Search Team (High-Z SN Search, High-Z SS) was an international collaboration led by Brian P. Schmidt who discovered the accelerated expansion of the universe based on mapping of type I supernovae in 1998 , as well independently a second team, the Supernova Cosmology Project under Saul Perlmutter . The discovery was one of the greatest successes in cosmology and was honored in 2011 with Nobel Prizes in Physics to Schmidt, Adam Riess and Perlmutter and with many other prizes. The high Z alludes to the high redshift when observing distant supernovae.
The team was founded in 1994 by Schmidt, then a post-doctoral student at Harvard University , and the astronomer Nicholas B. Suntzeff at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) in Chile. Founding members of the team were also R. Chris Smith, Robert Schommer, Mark M. Phillips, Mario Hamuy, Roberto Aviles, Jose Maza, Adam Riess , Robert Kirshner , Jason Spiromilio and Bruno Leibundgut. In 1995 Schmidt was elected to lead the team (then at the Mount Stromlo Observatory of the Australian National University ). A total of around 20 astronomers from the USA, Europe, Australia and Chile were involved. In addition to the Victor M. Blanco telescope at the CTIO for the discovery of supernovae, the telescopes of the Keck Observatory and the European Southern Observatory were mainly used for the spectroscopic determination of the redshift.
In addition to the Nobel Prize, the team or members of the team received the following prizes for the discovery:
- Breakthrough of the Year 1998 (Team)
- Shaw Prize 2006 (Riess, Schmidt)
- Gruber Prize for Cosmology 2007 (Schmidt, Team)
- Albert Einstein Medal 2011 (Riess)
- Wolf Prize in Physics 2015 (Kirshner)
- Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics 2015 (Schmidt, Riess, Team)
The project ESSENCE emerged from Christopher Stubbs (Harvard University) and the Higher-Z team from Adam Riess (Johns Hopkins University, Space Telescope Science Institute).
Members
- Mount Stromlo Observatory and Australian National University
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CTIO
- Nicholas Suntzeff
- Robert Schommer
- R. Chris Smith
- Mario Hamuy (1994–1997)
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Las Campanas Observatory
- Mark M. Phillips (1994-2000)
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Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
- Alejandro Clocchiatti (from 1996)
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Universidad de Chile
- Jose Maza (1994-1997)
- European Southern Observatory
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University of Hawaii
- John Tonry (from 1996)
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University of California, Berkeley
- Alexei Filippenko (from 1996)
- Weidong Li (from 1999)
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Space Telescope Science Institute
- Adam Riess
- Ron Gilliland (1996-2000)
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University of Washington
- Christopher Stubbs (from 1995)
- Craig Hogan (from 1995)
- David Reiss (1995-1999)
- Alan Diercks (1995-1999)
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Harvard University
- Christopher Stubbs (from 2003)
- Robert Kirshner
- Thomas Matheson (from 1999)
- Saurabh Jha (from 1997)
- Peter Challis
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University of Notre Dame
- Peter Garnavich
- Stephen Holland (from 2000)
Fonts
- Brian Schmidt, Adam Riess, Alexei Filippenko, Robert Kirshner and others (High-Z Supernova Search Team): Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant, Astron. J., Volume 116, 1998, pp. 1009-1038 , Arxiv