Hindenburglinde

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Hindenburglinde, end of August 2015

The Hindenburglinde (also called Big Linden ) is a mighty single standing summer linden ( Tilia platyphyllos ) in the Gnotschaft Taubensee of the municipality of Ramsau near Berchtesgaden , district of Berchtesgadener Land at about 850 meters above sea level. It stands on the German Alpine Road ( B 305 ) about 150 meters above the Ramsauer Ache valley and is a natural monument . Despite the height of the site, which is atypical for this tree species, its size makes it one of the most outstanding trees in Germany and Europe. The German Tree Archive counts the linden tree among the trees of national importance (NBB), with the trunk circumference at a height of one meter serving as the most important selection criterion.

description

The Hindenburglinde, on the left the summit of the Reiteralpe , July 2010

The trunk of the linden tree begins broad and massive at the ground and tapers towards the top. In contrast to most old linden trees, the tree has a strong, undivided, long trunk. Several strong branches branch off at a height of about five meters, forming a very large crown. The linden tree reaches a height of over 30 and a crown diameter of a good 35 meters. The trunk has no noticeable openings. At the point of a branch that broke out in 1997, the largest of the linden tree, it can be seen that the trunk was once hollow and was lined up and that the opening was completely overgrown due to the still enormous vitality of the linden tree. Due to the altitude of the location - at this altitude the vegetation time is significantly shorter due to the later onset of summer and the earlier onset of winter - the summer linden tree has a four to six week shorter growth period from year to year than in the lowlands. Nevertheless, it is enormous and has good vitality. In the immediate vicinity of the linden tree, next to the Hotel Hindenburglinde, there is a hawthorn that is said to be just as old.

The first precise descriptions of the linden tree come from the year 1902 by the pioneer and tree photographer Friedrich Stützer , who gave the trunk circumference of the linden tree near the ground as 14.75 and at a height of one meter as a good ten meters. The main branches reached a thickness of up to 1.5 meters. He stated the circumference of the crown to be 121 meters and the shaded area to be 900 square meters. This gave the linden tree, which was never supported, by far the widest crown of all trees in Europe.

The German tree archive was in 2001 at the site of the smallest diameter (waist) on a volume of 10.26 and in 1988 at one meter height of 11.30 meters. In 2015 the trunk had a circumference of 1.3 meters, the so-called breast height diameter (BHD), a circumference of 10.90 meters. This makes it one of the strongest and largest linden trees in Europe .

The age of the linden tree is given differently in the literature. If you compare the dimensions of Friedrich Stützer in 1902 with the current tree data, you come to an age of almost 750 years. The forest scientist Hans Joachim Fröhlich assumed an age of around 1000 years in 1990. In 2009, the German Tree Archives gave 400 to 700 years. Jeroen Pater, forest manager and author of old trees in Europe, stated that in 2007 it was 600 to 700 years old.

history

Hindenburglinde in 1902

The linden tree was on a free or trade (open space). Feudal farmers were allowed to use these areas to graze their cattle and collect leaves . Afforestation and the clearing of single trees were not allowed, which contributed to the preservation of the tree.

From around 1850 the linden tree was mentioned in various travel guides and descriptions of the Berchtesgadener Land. The linden tree has been tended for a long time. In 1890, the Ramsau Beautification Association laid a new path to the linden tree and carried out renovation work on the linden tree a year later. There has been an inn next to the linden tree since 1875.

The tree photographer Friedrich Stützer, inspector of the Royal Bavarian State Railway in Munich , wrote in his book The largest, oldest or otherwise strange trees in Bavaria in words and pictures :

“Measured twenty centimeters above the ground, the root neck has a circumference of 14.75 meters; At a height of 1 meter, the trunk measures a good 10 meters. The eleven main branches, which are separated from the same at a height of about 3 meters, have an average thickness of up to 1.50 meters. Almost every branch is a tree in itself! According to a professional estimate, the total wood mass is 90  stars . The branch formation is very different in shape and direction, one part strives upwards and one part downwards, others branch off in a completely horizontal direction to the height axis of the tree up to a length of 24 meters and thereby lack any artificial support in spite of the enormous abundance of leaves; the almost circular treetop almost touches the ground in places on the outermost periphery; its lowest circumference is 121 meters. The apex of the crown, which also has a semicircular shape in the vertical section, rises up to 34 meters. […] She builds her dome of leaves over green pasture land, which shadows an area of ​​900 square meters and thus would provide shade for a large number of modern mounted warriors for horse and rider. The linden tree stands on a so-called free or trade. This refers to pasture areas owned by the forstrarial family, which from time immemorial have been left to the feudal owners of Ramsau to enjoy the pasture and leaf litter. […] A comfortable path leads from Ramsau, through woods and meadows, gently rising past the pilgrimage church Maria-Kunterweg, in ¾ hours to the large linden tree. Visiting the tree is doubly worthwhile, because in addition to the interest in its gigantic structure, almost twice as wide as it is high-branched, which is an excellent dendrological phenomenon for the location under consideration here, 830 meters above sea level, one can also see it enjoy a magnificent view of the giants of the mountains in its shadow. "

- Friedrich Stützer : The largest, oldest or otherwise strange trees in Bavaria in words and pictures. 1902.

In the 1930s, the German Alpine Road was led directly past the linden tree. As part of the award of honorary citizenship to the then Reich President Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg on March 26, 1933, the tree, previously known as the Great Linden tree, was given its current name; the neighboring Gasthof Lindenhäusl was expanded into a mountain inn and hotel in 1950 and renamed Hindenburglinde .

When several rotten branches of the tree broke off over time, the Munich-based company Volgger , which specializes in tree restoration, was commissioned to carry out tree care measures in 1955 . In 1966 the linden tree was treated a second time. Dead branches were removed and rotten areas removed. The strongest branches were connected with ropes to secure the crown . During the construction of a parking lot, the linden tree lost a star branch. In 1997 the lower, downhill, stronger branch broke off due to heavy snow loads, and the crown was affected. The scar on the trunk can still be seen.

See also

literature

  • Jeroen Pater: Europe's old trees: their stories, their secrets . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 3-440-10930-5 , pp. 96 (Translated from the Dutch by Susanne Bonn).
  • Stefan Kühn, Bernd Ullrich, Uwe Kühn: Germany's old trees . 5th expanded edition. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-8354-0183-9 , p. 282 .
  • Michel Brunner: Important linden trees: 400 giant trees in Germany . Haupt Verlag, Bern / Stuttgart / Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-258-07248-7 , p. 78 .
  • Hans Joachim Fröhlich : Old lovable trees in Germany . Cornelia Ahlering Verlag, Buchholz 2000, ISBN 3-926600-05-5 , p. 332-333 .
  • Hans Joachim Fröhlich: Bavaria . In: Paths to old trees . tape 2 . WDV-Wirtschaftsdienst, Frankfurt 1990, ISBN 3-926181-09-5 , p. 147 .
  • Hartwig Goerss: Our tree veterans . Landbuch, Hannover 1981, ISBN 3-7842-0247-0 , p. 132 .
  • Friedrich Stützer: The largest, oldest or otherwise strange trees in Bavaria in words and pictures . tape 3 . Piloty & Loehle, Munich 1902, The large lime tree in Ramsau, p. 122–124 with collotype board ( mdz-nbn-resolving.de ).

Web links

Commons : Hindenburglinde (Ramsau)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Bernd Ullrich, Stefan Kühn, Uwe Kühn: Our 500 oldest trees: Exclusively from the German Tree Archive . BLV Buchverlag GmbH & Co. KG, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-8354-0376-5 , p. 282 .
  2. ↑ a b Michel Brunner: Significant linden trees: 400 giant trees in Germany . Haupt Verlag AG, Bern / Stuttgart / Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-258-07248-7 , p. 78 .
  3. ↑ Hartwig Goerss: Our tree veterans . Landbuch, Hannover 1981, ISBN 3-7842-0247-0 , p. 132 .
  4. ^ Hindenburglinde in the directory of monumental oaks . Retrieved January 31, 2017
  5. ↑ Stefan Kühn, Bernd Ullrich, Uwe Kühn: Germany's old trees . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-8354-0183-9 , p. 165 .
  6. ^ Hans Joachim Fröhlich: Bavaria . In: Paths to old trees . tape 2 . WDV-Wirtschaftsdienst, Frankfurt 1990, ISBN 3-926181-09-5 , p. 147 .
  7. ↑ Jeroen Pater: Europe's Old Trees: Their Stories, Their Secrets . Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 3-440-10930-5 , p. 96 (Translated from the Dutch by Susanne Bonn).
  8. ^ Friedrich Stützer: The largest, oldest or otherwise strange trees in Bavaria in words and pictures . tape 3 . Piloty & Loehle, Munich 1902, The large lime tree in Ramsau, p. 122–124, here pp. 122–123 ( mdz-nbn-resolving.de ).

Coordinates: 47 ° 36 '59 "  N , 12 ° 53' 4"  E