Cranial nerve nucleus
Cranial nerve nuclei are groups of neurons (so-called "kernels" or "core areas", nuclei ), the axons of which run in cranial nerves III to XII. Thus, on the one hand nuclei of origin motor cranial nerves (comparable to the motor neurons of the anterior horns of the spinal cord ), on the other hand to correspond to the sensory nuclei of the posterior column of the spinal cord.
The 2nd cranial nerve ( optic nerve ) is actually not a peripheral nerve, but an evagination of the brain, as it is surrounded by the dura mater , arachnoid and pia mater .
The cranial nerves with their nuclei
No. | nerve | Cores | function |
---|---|---|---|
I. | Olfactory nerve | - | smell |
II | Optic nerve | - | see |
III | Oculomotor nerve |
Nucleus nervi oculomotorii Nucleus accessorius nervi oculomotorii ( Edinger-Westphal-Kern ) |
Eye movements |
IV | Trochlear nerve | Nucleus nervi trochlearis | Eye movement |
V | Trigeminal nerve | Nucleus motorius nervi trigemini Nucleus pontinus nervi trigemini (Nucleus principalis) Nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini Nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini |
Sensitive facial care, motorized masticatory muscle care |
VI | Abducens nerve | Nucleus nervi abducentis | Eye movement |
VII |
Nervus intermediofacialis (Nervus intermedius + Nervus facialis) |
Nucleus motorius nervi facialis Nucleus salivatorius superior Nucleus tractus solitarii |
Facial movement salivary glands taste perception |
VIII | Vestibulocochlear nerve |
Nuclei cochleares Nuclei vestibulares |
Auditory perception balance perception |
IX | Glossopharyngeal nerve |
Nucleus ambiguus Nucleus salivatorius inferior Nucleus tractus solitarii Nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini |
sensitive tongue supply salivary gland taste perception sensorimotor pharynx supply |
X | Vagus nerve | Nucleus ambiguus Nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi Nucleus tractus solitarii Nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini |
sensorimotor supply of the larynx, viscerosensitive supply of internal organs, visceromotor supply of internal organs |
XI | Accessory nerve | Nucleus ambiguus Nucleus spinalis nervi accessorii |
motor supply of two neck muscles |
XII | Hypoglossal nerve | Nucleus nervi hypoglossi | Tongue movement |
The cranial nerve nuclei and the associated cranial nerves
core | quality | Cranial nerve (s) | Afferents | Efferents |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nucleus nervi oculomotorii | somatomotor | Oculomotor nerve | horizontal gaze centers vertical gaze centers Nuclei nervi abducentis |
Lid elevator muscle External eye muscles except : - Musculus obliquus superior - Musculus rectus lateralis |
Nucleus nervi trochlearis | somatomotor | Trochlear nerve | horizontal gaze centers vertical gaze centers |
Superior oblique muscle |
Nucleus nervi abducentis | somatomotor | Abducens nerve | horizontal gaze centers | Lateral rectus muscle |
Nucleus nervi hypoglossi | somatomotor | Hypoglossal nerve | corticonuclear fibers from the motor cortex | Tongue muscles |
Nucleus motorius nervi trigemini | special visceromotor | Trigeminal nerve | corticonuclear fibers from the motor cortex | Masticatory muscles |
Nucleus motorius nervi facialis | special visceromotor | Facial nerve | corticonuclear fibers from the motor cortex | facial muscles |
Nucleus ambiguus | special visceromotor | Glossopharyngeal nerve Vagus nerve |
corticonuclear fibers from the motor cortex | Pharyngeal muscles larynx muscles |
Nucleus nervi accessorii | special visceromotor | Accessory nerve | corticonuclear fibers from the motor cortex | Sternocleidomastoid muscle trapezius muscle |
Nucleus accessorius nervi oculomotorii ( Edinger-Westphal-Kern ) |
general visceromotor | Oculomotor nerve | Area pretectalis superior colliculus |
inner, smooth eye muscles |
Nucleus salivatorius superior | general visceromotor | Facial nerve | Posterior longitudinal fasciculus from the hypothalamus | Lacrimal glands mucous glands salivary glands |
Nucleus salivatorius inferior | general visceromotor | Glossopharyngeal nerve | Posterior longitudinal fasciculus from the hypothalamus | Parotid gland |
Nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi | general visceromotor | Vagus nerve | Nuclei tractus solitarii Hypothalamus |
Breast viscera abdominal viscera |
Nucleus tractus solitarii |
especially visceral sensitive (taste) generally visceral sensitive |
Facial nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve Vagus nerve |
Tongue (taste) breast viscera abdominal viscera |
Thalamus vegetative brain stem centers |
Nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini | generally somatosensitive | Trigeminal nerve | proprioceptive fibers from the chewing apparatus (via the mandibular nerve) |
Nucleus motorii nervi trigemini |
Nucleus principalis nervi trigemini | generally somatosensitive | Trigeminal nerve | epicritical-sensitive fibers from the head region | Lemniscus trigemnialis to the thalamus |
Nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini | generally somatosensitive | Trigeminal nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve Vagus nerve |
protopathically sensitive fibers from the head region protopathically sensitive fibers from the pharynx region |
Thalamus |
Nuclei cochleares | especially somatosensitive | Vestibulocochlear nerve | Cochlea | Audio track |
Nuclei vestibulares | especially somatosensitive | Vestibulocochlear nerve | static organs of the inner ear | Thalamus cerebellum eye muscle nuclei spinal cord |
literature
- Lennart Heimer : The Human Brain and Spinal Cord. Functional Neuroanatomy and Dissection Guide . 2nd Edition. Springer, New York 1995, ISBN 0-387-94227-0 (English).
- Martin Trepel : Neuroanatomy. Structure and function . 3. Edition. Urban & Fischer, Munich / Jena, ISBN 3-437-41297-3 .